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Kim Y, Hwang K, Yang D, Choi Y, Kim Y, Moon Y, Park JJ, Lee M, Kim DY. Enhanced N-type Semiconducting Performance of Asymmetric Monochlorinated Isoindigo-based Semiregioregular Polymers under Dynamic Forces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38427782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric monochlorination strategy not only effectively addresses the steric issues in conventional dichlorination but also enables the development of promising acceptor units and semiregioregular polymers. Herein, monochlorinated isoindigo (1CIID) is successfully designed and synthesized by selectively introducing single chlorine (Cl) atoms. Furthermore, the 1CIID copolymerizes with two donor counterparts, centrosymmetric 2,2'-bithiophene (2T) and axisymmetric 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT), forming two polymers, P1CIID-2T and P1CIID-DTBT. These polymers exhibit notable differences in backbone linearity and dipole moments, influenced by the symmetry of their donor counterparts. In particular, P1CIID-2T, which contains a centrosymmetric 2T unit, demonstrates a linear backbone and a significant dipole moment of 10.20 D. These properties contribute to the favorable film morphology of P1CIID-2T, characterized by highly ordered crystallinity in the presence of fifth-order (500) X-ray diffraction peaks. Notably, P1CIID-2T exhibits a significant improvement in molecular alignment under dynamic force, resulting in over 8-fold improvement in the performance of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices, with superior electron mobility up to 1.22 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study represents the first synthesis of asymmetric monochlorinated isoindigo-based conjugated polymers, highlighting the potential of asymmetric monochlorination for developing n-type semiconducting polymers. Moreover, our findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the molecular structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungtae Hwang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeollabuk-do, Wanju-gun 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Song X, Zhang K, Guo R, Sun K, Zhou Z, Huang S, Huber L, Reus M, Zhou J, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Liu W, Liu Y, Zhu W, Müller-Buschbaum P. Process-Aid Solid Engineering Triggers Delicately Modulation of Y-Series Non-Fullerene Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200907. [PMID: 35315132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile solids with symmetric π-backbone are intensively implemented on manipulating the nanomorphology for improving the operability and stability of organic solar cells. However, due to the isotropic stacking, the announced solids with symmetric geometry cannot modify the microscopic phase separation and component distribution collaboratively, which will constrain the promotion of exciton splitting and charge collection efficiency. Inspired by the superiorities of asymmetric configuration, a novel process-aid solid (PAS) engineering is proposed. By coupling with BTP core unit in Y-series molecule, an asymmetric, volatile 1,3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene solid can induce the anisotropic dipole direction, elevated dipole moment, and interlaminar interaction spontaneously. Due to the synergetic effects on the favorable phase separation and desired component distribution, the PAS-treated devices feature the evident improvement of exciton splitting, charge transport, and collection, accompanied by the suppressed trap-assisted recombination. Consequently, an impressive fill factor of 80.2% with maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.5% in the PAS-treated device is achieved. More strikingly, the PAS-treated devices demonstrate a promising thickness-tolerance character, where a record PCE of 17.0% is yielded in PAS devices with a 300 nm thickness photoactive layer, which represents the highest PCE for thick-film organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Renjun Guo
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kun Sun
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zhongxin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Shenglei Huang
- Research Center for New Energy Technology (RCNET), Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Jiading, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Linus Huber
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Manuel Reus
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jungui Zhou
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Wenzhu Liu
- Research Center for New Energy Technology (RCNET), Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Jiading, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Greenstein BL, Hiener DC, Hutchison GR. Computational Evolution of High-Performing Unfused Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials optimization for organic solar cells (OSCs) is a highly active field, with many approaches using empirical experimental synthesis, computational brute-force approaches to screen candidates in a given subset of chemical space, or generative machine learning methods which often require significant training sets. While these methods may find high-performing materials, they can be inefficient and time-consuming. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are an alternative approach, allowing for the "virtual synthesis" of molecules and a prediction of their ``fitness' for some property, with new candidates suggested based on good characteristics of previously generated molecules. In this work, a GA is used to discover high-performing unfused non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) based on an empirical prediction of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and provides design rules for future work. The electron withdrawing/donating strength, as well as the sequence and symmetry of those units are examined. The utilization of a GA over a brute force approach resulted in speedups up to $1.8 \times 10^{12}$. New types of units not frequently seen in OSCs are suggested, and in total 5,426 NFAs are discovered with the GA. Of these, 1,087 NFAs are predicted to have a PCE greater than 18\%, which is roughly the current record efficiency. While the symmetry of the sequence showed no correlation with PCE, analysis of the sequence arrangement revealed that higher performance can be achieved with a donor core and acceptor end groups. Future NFA designs should consider this strategy as an alternative to the current A-D-A$'$-D-A architecture.
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Lin W, Zhu Q, Ma Y, Wang P, Wan S, Zheng Q. Rationally Tuning Blend Miscibility of Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor for Constructing Efficient Organic Solar Cells ※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang H, Yang L, Lin PC, Chueh CC, Liu X, Qu S, Guang S, Yu J, Tang W. A Simple Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrol-Rhodanine Molecular Third Component Enables Over 16.7% Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007746. [PMID: 33738971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) can achieve greatly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) by incorporating suitable additives in active layers. Their structure design often faces the challenge of operation generality for more binary blends. Herein, a simple dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole-rhodanine molecule (DR8) featuring high compatibility with polymer donor PM6 is developed as a cost-effective third component. By employing classic ITIC-like ITC6-4Cl and Y6 as model nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in PM6-based binary blends, DR8 added PM6:ITC6-4Cl blends exhibit significantly promoted energy transfer and exciton dissociation. The PM6:ITC6-4Cl:DR8 (1:1:0.1, weight ratio) OSCs contribute an exciting PCE of 14.94% in comparison to host binary devices (13.52%), while PM6:Y6:DR8 (1:1.2:0.1) blends enable 16.73% PCE with all simultaneously improved photovoltaic parameters. To the best of the knowledge, this performance is among the best for ternary OSCs with simple small molecular third components in the literature. More importantly, DR8-added ternary OSCs exhibit much improved device stability against thermal aging and light soaking over binary ones. This work provides new insight on the design of efficient third components for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Po-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xin Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shenya Qu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shun Guang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jiangsheng Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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