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Chen K, Li B, Xu H, Wu J, Li J, Sun W, Fang M, Wang W, Wang S, Zhai X. Zeolitic imidazole framework-8 loaded gelatin methacryloyl microneedles: A transdural and controlled-release drug delivery system attenuates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128388. [PMID: 38016601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a matter of significant clinical concern, often treated through early surgical decompression along with methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS). However, the side effects and the unsatisfactory focal concentration of MPSS have limited its further applications. To address this limitation, herein, a versatile drug delivery system of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) and gelatin methacryloyl microneedles (GelMA MNs) was developed for stable, transdural, and controlled sustained release of drugs in SCI. The microneedles were used to create tiny pores in the dura mater, allowing for the direct administration of drugs into the spinal cord. ZIF-8 provided a secondary extended release once they were separated from the microneedles. To attenuate the neuroinflammation, MPSS was selected. Such a combination of ZIF-8 and GelMA MNs was able to prolong the release period of MPSS to five days. The system showed transdural capacity, reduction of M1 polarization, and decrease in NLRP3-positive inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines. In vivo studies indicated that this novel drug delivery strategy could constrict the inflammatory microenvironment, reduce glial scar formation, and promote neural regeneration. Thus, this versatile drug delivery system provides an up-and-coming alternative for stable, transdural, and controlled sustained release of drugs to those suffering from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Basic Medicine College, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Wuquan Sun
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
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2
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Elaouni A, El Ouardi M, Zbair M, BaQais A, Saadi M, Ait Ahsaine H. ZIF-8 metal organic framework materials as a superb platform for the removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31801-31817. [PMID: 36380941 PMCID: PMC9639128 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are attracting significant attention for applications including adsorption, chemical sensing, gas separation, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and catalysis. In particular, zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8), which is composed of zinc ions and imidazolate ligands, have been applied in different areas of catalysis due to its outstanding structural and textural properties. It possesses a highly porous structure and chemical and thermal stability under varying reaction conditions. When used alone in the reaction medium, the ZIF-8 particles tend to agglomerate, which inhibits their removal efficiency and selectivity. This results in their mediocre reusability and separation from aqueous conditions. Thus, to overcome these drawbacks, several well-designed ZIF-8 structures have emerged by forming composites and heterostructures and doping. This review focuses on the recent advances on the use of ZIF-8 structures (doping, composites, heterostructures, etc.) in the removal and photodegradation of persistent organic pollutants. We focus on the adsorption and photocatalysis of three main organic pollutants (methylene blue, rhodamine B, and malachite green). Finally, the key challenges, prospects and future directions are outlined to give insights into game-changing breakthroughs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Elaouni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat Morocco
| | - M El Ouardi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat Morocco
- Université de Toulon, AMU, CNRS, IM2NP CS 60584, Toulon Cedex 9 F-83041 France
| | - M Zbair
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 F-68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67081 Strasbourg France
| | - A BaQais
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - M Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat Morocco
| | - H Ait Ahsaine
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat Morocco
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Lee S, Ahn S, Lee H, Kim J. Layer-by-layer coating of MIL-100(Fe) on a cotton fabric for purification of water-soluble dyes by the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17505-17513. [PMID: 35765425 PMCID: PMC9194953 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made for sustainable development of adsorbents to purify organic contaminants from wastewater. In this study, a MIL-100(Fe) based textile that acts as a reusable adsorbent and photocatalytic agent was developed by synthesizing MIL-100(Fe) onto a cotton fabric by the layer-by-layer (LBL) process using water-based solutions. As the number of LBL cycles increased, the add-on's of MIL-100(Fe) showed a drastic increase up to 8 cycles, then showed gradual increases with further treatments. The overall adsorption performance was enhanced with the increased MIL-100(Fe) add-on's, but the specific adsorption efficiency per unit mass of MIL-100(Fe) was reduced as the LBL cycles increased, implying the reduced average adsorption efficiency with a thicker coating. To examine the reusability of the adsorbent, desorption efficiency of RhB was measured. The desorption after the first-time adsorption was not efficient due to the strong binding inside the pores. For the later cycles of adsorption–desorption, desorption occurred more efficiently, probably because RhB molecules were adhered mostly at the outer surface of the MOF layer. Simultaneously, MIL-100(Fe)@cotton demonstrated the photocatalytic degradation performance against RhB in the presence of H2O2 by the Fenton reaction. With the combined effect of adsorption and photodegradation, the developed fabric attained 96% removal efficiency for RhB dissolved in water. This study demonstrates an environmentally responsible process of developing a MIL-100(Fe) coated fabric that is readily available for effective removal of organic foulants in water. This fabrication method can be applied as a scalable manufacturing of metal–organic framework-based photocatalytic adsorbent textiles. A MIL-100(Fe)-based water purifying textile that functions by dual action of adsorption and photocatalytic activity is designed via a layer-by-layer process without using toxic organic solvents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Lee
- Department of Fashion Design, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Halim Lee
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Kong Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Yang S, Huang G, Wang Y, Liu C, You C, Tan J, Wang C, Xu B, Cui J, Liu X, Mei Y. Integration of a Metal-Organic Framework Film with a Tubular Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microcavity for Effective CO 2 Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58104-58113. [PMID: 34809420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing using an optical technique is of great importance in the environment and industrial emission monitoring. However, limited by the poor specific adsorption of gas molecules as well as insufficient coupling efficiency, there is still a long way to go toward realizing a highly sensitive optical CO2 gas sensor. Herein, by combining the advantages of a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity and a metal-organic framework (MOF) film, a porous functional microcavity (PF-MC) was fabricated with the assistance of the atomic layer deposition technique and was applied to CO2 sensing. In this functional composite, the rolled-up microcavity provides the ability to tune the propagation of light waves and the electromagnetic coupling with the surroundings via an evanescent field, while the nanoporous MOF film contributes to the specific adsorption of CO2. The composite demonstrates a high sensitivity of 188 nm RIU-1 (7.4 pm/% with respect to the CO2 concentration) and a low detection limit of ∼5.85 × 10-5 RIU. Furthermore, the PF-MC exhibits great selectivity to CO2 and outstanding reproducibility, which is promising for the next-generation optical gas sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Kong
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu You
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ji Tan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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5
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Lee K, Jung YW, Park H, Kim D, Kim J. Sequential Multiscale Simulation of a Filtering Facepiece for Prediction of Filtration Efficiency and Resistance in Varied Particulate Scenarios. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57908-57920. [PMID: 34802233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a novel approach of multiscale modeling and simulation to characterize the filtration behavior of a facepiece in varied particulate conditions. Sequential multiscale modeling was performed for filter media, filtering facepiece, and testing setup. The developed virtual models were validated for their morphological characteristics and filtration performance by comparing with the data from the physical experiments. Then, a virtual test was conducted in consideration of a time scale, simulating diverse particulate environments with different levels of particle size distribution, particle concentration, and face velocity. An environment with small particles and high mass concentration resulted in a rapid buildup of resistance, reducing the service life. Large particles were accumulated mostly at the entrance of the filter layer, resulting in a lower penetration and slower buildup of resistance. This study is significant in that the adopted virtual approach enables the prediction of filtration behavior and service life, applying diverse environmental conditions without involving the costs of extra setups for the physical experiments. This study demonstrates a novel and economic research method that can be effectively applied to the research and development of filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongeun Lee
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Reliability Assessment Center, FITI Testing & Research Institute, Seoul 07791, Korea
| | - Yeon-Woo Jung
- Reliability Assessment Center, FITI Testing & Research Institute, Seoul 07791, Korea
| | - Hanjou Park
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongmi Kim
- Digital Material Laboratory, Trinity Engineering, Seoul 07997, Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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6
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Zhang J, Zuo J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Fu W, Zhang J, Miao S, Wei C. Universality of mesoporous coal gasification slag for reinforcement and deodorization in four common polymers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:095703. [PMID: 34808606 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3bf0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous adsorbents and polymer deodorants are difficult to implement on a large scale because of their complicated preparation methods. Herein, a mesoporous adsorbent (CGSA) with a specific surface area of 564 m2g-1and a pore volume of 0.807 cm3g-1was prepared from solid waste coal gasification slag using a simple acid leaching process. The adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics results verified that the adsorption mechanism of propane on CGSA was mainly physisorption. Then the universality of CGSA in different polymers was investigated by introducing CGSA and its commercialized counterparts (CaCO3, and zeolite) into four common polymers. When the filler content was 30 wt%, the average reinforcement effect of CGSA on the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the four polymers was 46.68%, 83.62%, and 211.90% higher than that of CaCO3, respectively. Gas chromatography results also showed that CGSA significantly decreased total volatile organic compound emissions from the composites, and its optimal deodorization performance reached 69.58%, 81.33%, and 91.09% for different polymers, respectively, far exceeding that of zeolite. Therefore, this study showed that low-cost, high-performance, and multifunctional mesoporous polymer fillers with excellent universality can be manufactured from solid contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cundi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
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Lee J, Jung S, Park H, Kim J. Bifunctional ZIF-8 Grown Webs for Advanced Filtration of Particulate and Gaseous Matters: Effect of Charging Process on the Electrostatic Capture of Nanoparticles and Sulfur Dioxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50401-50410. [PMID: 34637264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF), an emerging class of porous hybrid inorganic-organic crystals, has been applied for various environmental remediation strategies including liquid and air filtration. In this study, the role of the zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) was explored on the charge trapping ability and its contribution to capturing the targeted pollutants of NaCl nanoparticles and SO2 gas. Poly(lactic acid) fibers with controlled surface pores were electrospun using water vapor-induced phase separation, and the fiber surface was uniformly coated with ZIF-8 crystals via an in situ growth method. As a novel process approach, the corona charging process was applied to the ZIF-8 grown webs. The ZIF-8 promoted the charge trapping in the corona process, and the charged ZIF-8 web showed a significantly improved electrostatic filtration efficiency. Also, the charged ZIF-8 web showed an enhanced SO2 capture ability, both in the static and dynamic air flow states, demonstrating the applicability as a bifunctional filter for both particulate and gaseous matters. The approach of this study is novel in that both particulate and gas capture capabilities were associated with the charge trapping ability of ZIF-8, implementing the corona charging process to the ZIF-8 webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Lee
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Jung
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjou Park
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Ma X, Wu J, Jiang L, Wang M, Deng G, Qu S, Chen K. On-chip integration of a metal-organic framework nanomaterial on a SiO 2 waveguide for sensitive VOC sensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3298-3306. [PMID: 34378614 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In silicon photonic waveguides, the on-chip integration of high-performance nanomaterials is considerably important to enable the waveguide sensing function. Herein, the in situ self-assembly of the low refractive index (RI) metal-organic framework nanomaterial ZIF-8 with a large surface area and high porosity on the surface of a designated SiO2 waveguide for evanescent wave sensing is demonstrated. The surface morphology and transmission loss of the nano-functionalized waveguide are investigated. The specific design and fabrication of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers (AMZIs) are performed based on the optical properties of ZIF-8. Such efforts in waveguide engineering result in an output interfering spectrum of nano-functionalized AMZI with an ultra-high extinction ratio (28.6 dB), low insertion loss (∼13 dB) and suitable free spectral range (∼30 nm). More significantly, the outstanding sensing features of ZIF-8 are successfully realized on the SiO2 waveguide chip. The results of ethanol detection show that the AMZI sensor has a large detection range (0 to 1000 ppm), high sensitivity (19 pm ppm-1 from 0 to 50 ppm or 41 pm ppm-1 from 600 to 1000 ppm) and low detection limit (1.6 ppm or 740 ppb). This combination of nanotechnology and optical waveguide technology is promising to push forward lab-on-waveguide technology for volatile organic compound (VOC) detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ma
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication (Ministry of Education), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Lee K, Oh J, Kim D, Yoo J, Yun GJ, Kim J. Effects of the filter microstructure and ambient air condition on the aerodynamic dispersion of sneezing droplets: A multiscale and multiphysics simulation study. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2021; 33:063317. [PMID: 34335005 PMCID: PMC8320464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been ramping up with regard to the propagation of infectious droplets due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The effects of filter microstructures and ambient air flows on droplet dispersion by sneezing are investigated by a fully coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian computational modeling with a micro-to-macroscale bridging approach. Materials that are commonly applied to face masks are modeled to generate two different virtual masks with various levels of filtration efficiency, and the leakage percentages through the unsealed nose and cheek areas were set to 11% and 25%, respectively. The droplet propagation distance was simulated with and without mask wearing in still and windy conditions involving head wind, tail wind, and side wind. The results demonstrate that wearing a face mask reduces the transmittance distance of droplets by about 90%-95% depending on the mask type; nonetheless, the droplets can be transmitted to distances of 20-25 cm in the forward direction even with mask-wearing. Thus, a social distance of at least 20 cm between people would help to prevent them from becoming exposed to ejected droplets. This study is significant in that important aspects of mask materials, in this case the porous microstructure-dependent filtration efficiency and permeability under varied ambient flow conditions, were considered for the first time in an evaluation of the barrier performance against droplet transmittance through a multiphase computational fluid dynamics simulation of air-droplet interaction and turbulence flow dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jungtaek Oh
- Reliability Assessment Center, FITI Testing and Research Institute, Seoul 07791, South Korea
| | - Dongwhan Kim
- Reliability Assessment Center, FITI Testing and Research Institute, Seoul 07791, South Korea
| | - Jinbok Yoo
- UniAET Co., Ltd., Seoul 08502, South Korea
| | - Gun Jin Yun
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Phone: +82-2-880-8302 and . Phone: +82-2-880-6846
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Phone: +82-2-880-8302 and . Phone: +82-2-880-6846
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