1
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Patel SK, Iddya A, Pan W, Qian J, Elimelech M. Approaching infinite selectivity in membrane-based aqueous lithium extraction via solid-state ion transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2025; 11:eadq9823. [PMID: 40020050 PMCID: PMC11870030 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq9823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
As the gap between lithium supply and demand continues to widen, the need to develop ion-selective technologies, which can efficiently extract lithium from unconventional water sources, grows increasingly crucial. In this study, we investigated the fundamentals of applying a solid-state electrolyte (SSE), typically used in battery technologies, as a membrane material for aqueous lithium extraction. We find that the anhydrous hopping of lithium ions through the ordered and confined SSE lattice is highly distinct from ion migration through the hydrated free volumes of conventional nanoporous membranes, thus culminating in unique membrane transport properties. Notably, we reveal that the SSE provides unparalleled performance with respect to ion-ion selectivity, consistently demonstrating lithium ion selectivity values that are immeasurable by even the part-per-billion detection limit of mass spectrometry. Such exceptional selectivity is shown to be the result of the characteristic size and charge exclusion mechanisms of solid-state ion transport, which may be leveraged in the design of next-generation membranes for resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum K. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA
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2
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Tian X, Ye C, Zhang L, Sugumar MK, Zhao Y, McKeown NB, Margadonna S, Tan R. Enhancing Membrane Materials for Efficient Li Recycling and Recovery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2402335. [PMID: 39676484 PMCID: PMC11795731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
Rapid uptake of lithium-centric technology, e.g., electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage, is increasing the demand for efficient technologies for lithium extraction from aqueous sources. Among various lithium-extraction technologies, membrane processes hold great promise due to energy efficiency and flexible operation in a continuous process with potential commercial viability. However, membrane separators face challenges such as the extraction efficiency due to the limited selectivity toward lithium relative to other species. Low selectivity can be ascribed to the uncontrollable selective channels and inefficient exclusion functions. However, recent selectivity enhancements for other membrane applications, such as in gas separation and energy storage, suggest that this may also be possible for lithium extraction. This review article focuses on the innovations in the membrane chemistries based on rational design following separation principles and unveiling the theories behind enhanced selectivity. Furthermore, recent progress in membrane-based lithium extraction technologies is summarized with the emphasis on inorganic, organic, and composite materials. The challenges and opportunities for developing the next generation of selective membranes for lithium recovery are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Tian
- Warwick Electrochemical EngineeringWMGUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- EaStChem School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EaStChem School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha410083P. R. China
| | - Manoj K. Sugumar
- Warwick Electrochemical EngineeringWMGUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Energy and Power EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- EaStChem School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Serena Margadonna
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaSA1 8ENUK
| | - Rui Tan
- Warwick Electrochemical EngineeringWMGUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaSA1 8ENUK
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3
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Yong M, Yang Y, Sun L, Tang M, Wang Z, Xing C, Hou J, Zheng M, Chui TFM, Li Z, Yang Z. Nanofiltration Membranes for Efficient Lithium Extraction from Salt-Lake Brine: A Critical Review. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2025; 5:12-34. [PMID: 39830721 PMCID: PMC11740921 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
The global transition to clean energy technologies has escalated the demand for lithium (Li), a critical component in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, highlighting the urgent need for efficient and sustainable Li+ extraction methods. Nanofiltration (NF)-based separations have emerged as a promising solution, offering selective separation capabilities that could advance resource extraction and recovery. However, an NF-based lithium extraction process differs significantly from conventional water treatment, necessitating a paradigm shift in membrane materials design, performance evaluation metrics, and process optimization. In this review, we first explore the state-of-the-art strategies for NF membrane modifications. Machine learning was employed to identify key parameters influencing Li+ extraction efficiency, enabling the rational design of high-performance membranes. We then delve into the evolution of performance evaluation metrics, transitioning from the traditional permeance-selectivity trade-off to a more relevant focus on Li+ purity and recovery balance. A system-scale analysis considering specific energy consumption, flux distribution uniformity, and system-scale Li+ recovery and purity is presented. The review also examines process integration and synergistic combinations of NF with emerging technologies, such as capacitive deionization. Techno-economic and lifecycle assessments are also discussed to provide insights into the economic viability and environmental sustainability of NF-based Li+ extraction. Finally, we highlight future research directions to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications, aiming to accelerate the development of sustainable and cost-effective Li+ extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yong
- Dow
Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Suzhou
Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department
of Civil Engineering, The University of
Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, SAR China
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Suzhou
Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Suzhou
Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Dow
Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chao Xing
- Dow
Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Water Research
Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ting Fong May Chui
- Department
of Civil Engineering, The University of
Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, SAR China
| | - Zhikao Li
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Suzhou
Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Dow
Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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4
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Meng W, Chen S, Chen P, Gao F, Lu J, Hou Y, He Q, Zhan X, Zhang Q. Space-Confined Synthesis of Thinner Ether-Functionalized Nanofiltration Membranes with Coffee Ring Structure for Li +/Mg 2+ Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404150. [PMID: 39269274 PMCID: PMC11538659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Positively charged nanofiltration membranes have attracted much attention in the field of lithium extraction from salt lakes due to their excellent ability to separate mono- and multi-valent cations. However, the thicker selective layer and the lower affinity for Li+ result in lower separation efficiency of the membranes. Here, PEI-P membranes with highly efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation performance are prepared by introducing highly lithophilic 4,7,10-Trioxygen-1,13-tridecanediamine (DCA) on the surface of PEI-TMC membranes using a post-modification method. Characterization and experimental results show that the utilization of the DCA-TMC crosslinked structure as a space-confined layer to inhibit the diffusion of the monomer not only increases the positive charge density of the membrane but also reduces its thickness by ≈35% and presents a unique coffee-ring structure, which ensures excellent water permeability and rejection of Mg2+. The ion-dipole interaction of the ether chains with Li+ facilitates Li+ transport and improves the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity (SLi,Mg = 23.3). In a three-stage nanofiltration process for treating simulated salt lake water, the PEI-P membrane can reduce the Mg2+/Li+ ratio of the salt lake by 400-fold and produce Li2CO3 with a purity of more than 99.5%, demonstrating its potential application in lithium extraction from salt lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Meng
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Sifan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Pu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
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Gan N, Lin Y, Wu B, Qiu Y, Sun H, Su J, Yu J, Lin Q, Matsuyama H. Supramolecular-coordinated nanofiltration membranes with quaternary-ammonium Cyclen for efficient lithium extraction from high magnesium/lithium ratio brine. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 268:122703. [PMID: 39492143 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Ion-selective membranes (ISM) with sub-nanosized pore channels hold significant potential for applications in saline wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Herein, novel synergistic ion channels featuring bi-periodic structures were constructed through the coordination of functional Cyclen (quaternary_1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, Q_Cyclen) and Cu2+-m-Phenylenediamine (Cu2+-MPD) to develop supramolecular membranes for lithium extraction. The exterior quaternary ammonium-rich sites exhibit a significant Donnan exclusion effect, resulting in tremendous mono/divalent (Li+/Mg2+) ion selectivity; while the interior regular-confined channels of Cyclen yield a fast vehicular pathway, facilitating water molecules and Li+ ion-selective transport. The optimized membrane exhibited an increased water permeance of 19.2 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 and simultaneously promoted Li+/Mg2+ selectivity (achieving a selectivity of 18.5 under a Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio of 30), surpassing the trade-off limit of conventional nanofiltration membranes. Due to the acquired excellent Li+/Mg2+ selectivity, lithium extraction from simulated salt-lake brines was successfully achieved through a two-stage nanofiltration process, reducing the Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio from 40 to 1.1. This work validates the applicability of macrocyclic with intrinsic sub-nanosized channels and desired multifunctionality for developing high-performance ISM for efficient lithium separation and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Baolong Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yulong Qiu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haopan Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingwen Su
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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6
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Liu X, Zhang G, Al Mohawes KB, Khashab NM. Smart membranes for separation and sensing. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04793a. [PMID: 39483248 PMCID: PMC11523821 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled membranes are extensively applied across various fields due to their non-thermal and low-carbon footprint characteristics. Recently, smart membranes with stimuli responsiveness have garnered significant attention for their ability to alter physical and chemical properties in response to different stimuli, leading to enhanced performance and a wider range of applications compared to traditional membranes. This review highlights the recent advancements in self-assembled smart membranes, beginning with widely used membrane preparation strategies such as interfacial polymerization and blending. Then it delves into the primary types of stimuli-responses, including light, pH, and temperature, illustrated in detail with relevant examples. Additionally, the review explores the latest progress in the use of smart membranes for separation and sensing, addressing the challenges and opportunities in both fields. This review offers new insights into the design of novel smart membrane platforms for sustainable development and provides a broader perspective on their commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gengwu Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khozama Bader Al Mohawes
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU) Riyadh 11671 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Lyu Y, Zheng J, Wang S. Photoelectrochemical Lithium Extraction from Waste Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301526. [PMID: 38538545 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The amount of global hybrid-electric and all electric vehicle has increased dramatically in just five years and reached an all-time high of over 10 million units in 2022. A good deal of waste lithium (Li)-containing batteries from dead vehicles are invaluable unconventional resources with high usage of Li. However, the recycle of Li by green approaches is extremely inefficient and rare from waste batteries, giving rise to severe environmental pollutions and huge squandering of resources. Thus, in this mini review, we briefly summarized a green and promising route-photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for extracting the Li from the waste lithium-containing batteries. This review first focuses on the critical factors of PEC performance, including light harvesting, charge-carrier dynamics, and surface chemical reactions. Subsequently, the conventional and PEC technologies applying in the area of Li recovery processes are analyzed and discussed in depth, and the potential challenges and future perspective for rational and healthy development of PEC Li extraction are provided positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Lyu
- School of Physical and Chemistry, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianyun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
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8
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Recepoğlu YK, Arabacı B, Kahvecioğlu A, Yüksel A. Granulation of hydrometallurgically synthesized spinel lithium manganese oxide using cross-linked chitosan for lithium adsorption from water. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464712. [PMID: 38377662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A drastic increase in demand for electric vehicles and energy storage systems increases lithium (Li) need as a critical metal for the 21st century. Lithium manganese oxides stand out among inorganic adsorbents because of their high capacity, chemical stability, selectivity, and affordability for lithium recovery from aqueous media. This study investigates using hydrometallurgically synthesized lithium manganese oxide (Li1.6Mn1.6O4) in granular form coated with cross-linked chitosan for lithium recovery from water. Characterization methods such as SEM, FTIR, XRD, and BET reveal the successful synthesis of the composite adsorbent. Granular cross-linked chitosan-coated and delithiated lithium manganese oxide (CTS/HMO) adsorbent demonstrated optimal removal efficiency of 86 % at pH 12 with 4 g/L of adsorbent dosage. The Langmuir isotherm at 25 °C, which showed monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 4.94 mg/g, a better fit for the adsorption behavior of CTS/HMO. Adsorption was endothermic and thermodynamically spontaneous. Lithium adsorption followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar K Recepoğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Bahriyenur Arabacı
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Anıl Kahvecioğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Aslı Yüksel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey; Izmir Institute of Technology, Geothermal Energy Research and Application Center, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey.
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9
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Wang R, Lin S. Membrane Design Principles for Ion-Selective Electrodialysis: An Analysis for Li/Mg Separation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38324772 PMCID: PMC10882969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Selective electrodialysis (ED) is a promising membrane-based process to separate Li+ from Mg2+, which is the most critical step for Li extraction from brine lakes. This study theoretically compares the ED-based Li/Mg separation performance of different monovalent selective cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes at the coupon scale using a unified mass transport model, i.e., a solution-friction model. We demonstrated that monovalent selective CEMs with a dense surface thin film like a polyamide film are more effective in enhancing the Li/Mg separation performance than those with a loose but highly charged thin film. Polyamide film-coated CEMs when used in ED have a performance similar to that of polyamide-based NF membranes when used in NF. NF membranes, when expected to replace monovalent selective CEMs in ED for Li/Mg separation, will require a thin support layer with low tortuosity and high porosity to reduce the internal concentration polarization. The coupon-scale performance analysis and comparison provide new insights into the design of composite membranes used for ED-based selective ion-ion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
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10
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Huang Y, Afolabi MA, Gan L, Liu S, Chen Y. MXene-Coated Ion-Selective Electrode Sensors for Highly Stable and Selective Lithium Dynamics Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1359-1368. [PMID: 38079615 PMCID: PMC10795166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Lithium holds immense significance in propelling sustainable energy and environmental systems forward. However, existing sensors used for lithium monitoring encounter issues concerning their selectivity and long-term durability. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure accurate and reliable lithium measurements during the lithium recovery processes. In response to these concerns, this study proposes a novel approach involving the use of an MXene composite membrane with incorporated poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as an antibiofouling layer on the Li+ ion selective electrode (ISE) sensors. The resulting MXene-PSS Li+ ISE sensor demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, showcasing a superior slope (59.42 mV/dec), lower detection limit (10-7.2 M), quicker response time (∼10 s), higher selectivity to Na+ (-2.37) and K+ (-2.54), and reduced impedance (106.9 kΩ) when compared to conventional Li+ ISE sensors. These improvements are attributed to the unique electronic conductivity and layered structure of the MXene-PSS nanosheet coating layer. In addition, the study exhibits the long-term accuracy and durability of the MXene-PSS Li+ ISE sensor by subjecting it to real wastewater testing for 14 days, resulting in sensor reading errors of less than 10% when compared to laboratory validation results. This research highlights the great potential of MXene nanosheet coatings in advancing sensor technology, particularly in challenging applications, such as detecting emerging contaminants and developing implantable biosensors. The findings offer promising prospects for future advancements in sensor technology, particularly in the context of sustainable energy and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lan Gan
- School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Su Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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11
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Yuan B, Zhang Y, Qi P, Yang D, Hu P, Zhao S, Zhang K, Zhang X, You M, Cui J, Jiang J, Lou X, Niu QJ. Self-assembled dendrimer polyamide nanofilms with enhanced effective pore area for ion separation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:471. [PMID: 38212318 PMCID: PMC10784486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane technology using well-defined pore structure can achieve high ion purity and recovery. However, fine-tuning the inner pore structure of the separation nanofilm to be uniform and enhance the effective pore area is still challenging. Here, we report dendrimers with different peripheral groups that preferentially self-assemble in aqueous-phase amine solution to facilitate the formation of polyamide nanofilms with a well-defined effective pore range and uniform pore structure. The high permeabilities are maintained by forming asymmetric hollow nanostripe nanofilms, and their well-designed ion effective separation pore ranges show an enhancement, rationalized by molecular simulation. The self-assembled dendrimer polyamide membrane provides Cl-/SO42- selectivity more than 17 times that of its pristine polyamide counterparts, increasing from 167.9 to 2883.0. Furthermore, the designed membranes achieve higher Li purity and Li recovery compared to current state-of-the-art membranes. Such an approach provides a scalable strategy to fine-tune subnanometre structures in ion separation nanofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Siheng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiabao Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juhui Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangdong Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Q Jason Niu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Qian C, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Xing E, Gui B. Adsorption performance and mechanism of Li + from brines using lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides-SiO 2 bauxite composite adsorbents. Front Chem 2023; 11:1265290. [PMID: 37954958 PMCID: PMC10634247 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1265290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A combined method of solid-phase alkali activation and surface precipitation was used to prepare the lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides-SiO2 loaded bauxite (LDH-Si-BX) and applied to adsorb Li+ in brines. In the study, various characterization techniques such as SEM, XRD, BET, Zeta potential, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to characterize and analyze the adsorbents. The adsorption-desorption performance of LDH-Si-BX for Li+ in brines was systematically investigated, including adsorption temperature, adsorption time, Li+ concentration, and regeneration properties. The results indicated that the adsorption kinetics were better fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, whereas the Langmuir model could match the adsorption isotherm data and the maximum Li+ capacity of 1.70 mg/g at 298K. In addition, in the presence of coexisting ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), LDH-Si-BX showed good selective adsorption of Li+, and the pH studies demonstrated that the adsorbents had better Li+ adsorption capacity in neutral environments. In the adsorption process of real brines, LDH-Si-BX had a relatively stable adsorption capacity, and after 10 cycles of adsorption and regeneration, the adsorption capacity decreased by 16.8%. It could be seen that the LDH-Si-BX adsorbents prepared in this report have the potential for Li+ adsorption in brines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Mianping Zheng
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Enyuan Xing
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Baoling Gui
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, China
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13
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Rehman D, Sheriff F, Lienhard JH. Quantifying uncertainty in nanofiltration transport models for enhanced metals recovery. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120325. [PMID: 37487358 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
To decarbonize our global energy system, sustainably harvesting metals from diverse sourcewaters is essential. Membrane-based processes have recently shown great promise in meeting these needs by achieving high metal ion selectivities with relatively low water and energy use. An example is nanofiltration, which harnesses steric, dielectric, and Donnan exclusion mechanisms to perform size- and charge-based fractionation of metal ions. To further optimize nanofiltration systems, multicomponent models are needed; however, conventional methods necessitate large amounts of data for model calibration, introduce substantial uncertainty into the characterization process, and often yield poor results when extrapolated. In this work, we develop a new computational architecture to alleviate these concerns. Specifically, we develop a framework that: (1) reduces the data requirement for model calibration to only charged species measurements; (2) eliminates uncertainty propagation problems present in conventional characterization processes; (3) enables exploration of pH optimization for enhancing metal ion selectivities; and (4) enables uncertainty quantification to assess the sensitivity of partition coefficients and ion driving forces to learned pore size distributions. Our framework captures eight independent datasets comprising over 500 measurements to within ±15%. Our studies also suggest that the expectation-maximization algorithm can effectively learn pore size distributions and that optimizing pH can improve metal ion selectivities by a factor of 3-10×. Our findings also reveal that image charges appear to play a less pronounced role in dielectric exclusion under the studied conditions and that ion driving forces are more sensitive to pore size distributions than partition coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Rehman
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA; Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - Fareed Sheriff
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - John H Lienhard
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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14
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Foo ZH, Rehman D, Bouma AT, Monsalvo S, Lienhard JH. Lithium Concentration from Salt-Lake Brine by Donnan-Enhanced Nanofiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6320-6330. [PMID: 37027336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Membranes offer a scalable and cost-effective approach to ion separations for lithium recovery. In the case of salt-lake brines, however, the high feed salinity and low pH of the post-treated feed have an uncertain impact on nanofiltration's selectivity. Here, we adopt experimental and computational approaches to analyze the effect of pH and feed salinity and elucidate key selectivity mechanisms. Our data set comprises over 750 original ion rejection measurements, spanning five salinities and two pH levels, collected using brine solutions that model three salt-lake compositions. Our results demonstrate that the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of polyamide membranes can be enhanced by 13 times with acid-pretreated feed solutions. This selectivity enhancement is attributed to the amplified Donnan potential from the ionization of carboxyl and amino moieties under low solution pH. As feed salinities increase from 10 to 250 g L-1, the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity decreases by ∼43%, a consequence of weakening exclusion mechanisms. Further, our analysis accentuates the importance of measuring separation factors using representative solution compositions to replicate the ion-transport behaviors with salt-lake brine. Consequently, our results reveal that predictions of ion rejection and Li+/Mg2+ separation factors can be improved by up to 80% when feed solutions with the appropriate Cl-/SO42- molar ratios are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Foo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Danyal Rehman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew T Bouma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastian Monsalvo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John H Lienhard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Staszak K, Wieszczycka K. Recovery of Metals from Wastewater-State-of-the-Art Solutions with the Support of Membrane Technology. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:114. [PMID: 36676921 PMCID: PMC9863996 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the most important research trends in the recovery of metals from industrial wastewater using membrane techniques in recent years. Particular attention is paid to the preparation of new membranes with the required filtration and separation properties. At the same time, possible future applications are highlighted. The aspects discussed are divided into metals in order to clearly and comprehensibly list the most optimal solutions depending on the composition of the wastewater and the possibility of recovering valuable components (metalloids, heavy metals, and platinum group metals). It is shown that it is possible to effectively remove metals from industrial wastewater by appropriate membrane preparation (up to ~100%), including the incorporation of functional groups, nanoparticles on the membrane surface. However, it is also worth noting the development of hybrid techniques, in which membrane techniques are one of the elements of an effective purification procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Wieszczycka
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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16
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Xu P, Gonzales RR, Hong J, Guan K, Chiao YH, Mai Z, Li Z, Rajabzadeh S, Matsuyama H. Fabrication of highly positively charged nanofiltration membranes by novel interfacial polymerization: Accelerating Mg2+ removal and Li+ enrichment. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Poly(piperazine-amide) nanofiltration membrane with innate positive charge for enhanced bivalent cation rejection and mono/bivalent cation selectivity. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Huo HQ, Mi YF, Yang X, Lu HH, Ji YL, Zhou Y, Gao CJ. Polyamide thin film nanocomposite membranes with in-situ integration of multiple functional nanoparticles for high performance reverse osmosis. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Liu Y, Wang K, Zhou Z, Wei X, Xia S, Wang XM, Xie YF, Huang X. Boosting the Performance of Nanofiltration Membranes in Removing Organic Micropollutants: Trade-Off Effect, Strategy Evaluation, and Prospective Development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15220-15237. [PMID: 36330774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In view of the high risks brought about by organic micropollutants (OMPs), nanofiltration (NF) processes have been playing a vital role in advanced water and wastewater treatment, owing to the high membrane performance in rejection of OMPs, permeation of water, and passage of mineral salts. Though numerous studies have been devoted to evaluating and technically enhancing membrane performance in removing various OMPs, the trade-off effect between water permeance and water/OMP selectivity for state-of-the-art membranes remains far from being understood. Knowledge of this effect is significant for comparing and guiding membrane development works toward cost-efficient OMP removal. In this work, we comprehensively assessed the performance of 88 NF membranes, commercialized or newly developed, based on their water permeance and OMP rejection data published in the literature. The effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of various modification methods in tailoring properties and in turn performance of the mainstream polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were quantitatively analyzed. The trade-off effect was demonstrated by the abundant data from both experimental measurements and machine learning-based prediction. On this basis, the advancement of novel membranes was benchmarked by the performance upper-bound revealed by commercial membranes and lab-made PA membranes. We also assessed the potentials of current NF membranes in selectively separating OMPs from inorganic salts and identified the future research perspectives to achieve further enhancement in OMP removal and salt/OMP selectivity of NF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xinxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Shengji Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yuefeng F Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Environmental Engineering Programs, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, Pennsylvania17057, United States
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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20
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Recepoğlu Y, Yüksel A. Cross-Linked Phosphorylated Cellulose as a Potential Sorbent for Lithium Extraction from Water: Dynamic Column Studies and Modeling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38957-38968. [PMID: 36340173 PMCID: PMC9631899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylated functional cellulose was cross-linked with epichlorohydrin at different ratios because it is a very hydrophilic substance that instantly swells to form a hydrogel when it comes into contact with water. It was aimed to utilize a continuously packed bed column to recover lithium from water under varying operating conditions such as flow rate and bed height. The characterization results confirmed cross-linking based on morphology, structure, surface area, and thermal stability differences. Lithium recovery was more efficient with a low flow rate, but the dynamic sorption process was independent of bed height. The total capacities at the three flow rates with 1.5 cm bed height were 33.56, 30.15, and 25.54 mg g-1, and the total saturation times at the three different bed heights with 0.5 mL min-1 flow rate were 659, 1001, and 1007 min, respectively. Only 15.75 mL of 5% H2SO4 solution was required to desorb approximately 100% of Li from the saturated sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar
Kemal Recepoğlu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, 35430Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Yüksel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, 35430Urla, Izmir, Turkey
- Geothermal
Energy Research and Application Center, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Polyamide nanofiltration membranes with rigid–flexible microstructures for high-efficiency Mg2+/Li+ separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Gan F, Jiang S, Zhou J, Wang J, Wen J, Mo J, Han S, Fan L, Yi N, Wu Y. Architecting dual coordination interactions in polyimide for constructing structurally controllable high-performance nanofiltration membranes. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Janus membrane with tailored upper and lower surface charges for ion penetration manipulation in high-performance nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Vacuum-assisted MPD loading toward promoted nanoscale structure and enhanced water permeance of polyamide RO membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Baudino L, Santos C, Pirri CF, La Mantia F, Lamberti A. Recent Advances in the Lithium Recovery from Water Resources: From Passive to Electrochemical Methods. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201380. [PMID: 35896956 PMCID: PMC9507372 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing amount of batteries used in today's society has led to an increase in the demand of lithium in the last few decades. While mining resources of this element have been steadily exploited and are rapidly depleting, water resources constitute an interesting reservoir just out of reach of current technologies. Several techniques are being explored and novel materials engineered. While evaporation is very time-consuming and has large footprints, ion sieves and supramolecular systems can be suitably tailored and even integrated into membrane and electrochemical techniques. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the available solutions to recover lithium from water resources both by passive and electrically enhanced techniques. Accordingly, this work aims to provide in a single document a rational comparison of outstanding strategies to remove lithium from aqueous sources. To this end, practical figures of merit of both main groups of techniques are provided. An absence of a common experimental protocol and the resulting variability of data and experimental methods are identified. The need for a shared methodology and a common agreement to report performance metrics are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Baudino
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
| | - Cleis Santos
- Energiespeicher‐ und EnergiewandlersystemeUniversität BremenBibliothekstraße 128359BremenGermany
| | - Candido F. Pirri
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Energiespeicher‐ und EnergiewandlersystemeUniversität BremenBibliothekstraße 128359BremenGermany
| | - Andrea Lamberti
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
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26
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Du M, Guo JZ, Zheng SH, Liu Y, Yang JL, Zhang KY, Gu ZY, Wang XT, Wu XL. Direct reuse of LiFePO4 cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries: extracting Li from brine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Cao S, Deshmukh A, Wang L, Han Q, Shu Y, Ng HY, Wang Z, Lienhard JH. Enhancing the Permselectivity of Thin-Film Composite Membranes Interlayered with MoS 2 Nanosheets via Precise Thickness Control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8807-8818. [PMID: 35583029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The demand for highly permeable and selective thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes, which are essential for seawater and brackish water softening and resource recovery, is growing rapidly. However, improving and tuning membrane permeability and selectivity simultaneously remain highly challenging owing to the lack of thickness control in polyamide films. In this study, we fabricated a high-performance interlayered TFC membrane through classical interfacial polymerization on a MoS2-coated polyethersulfone substrate. Due to the enhanced confinement effect on the interface degassing and the improved adsorption of the amine monomer by the MoS2 interlayer, the MoS2-interlayered TFC membrane exhibited enhanced roughness and crosslinking. Compared to the control TFC membrane, MoS2-interlayered TFC membranes have a thinner polyamide layer, with thickness ranging from 60 to 85 nm, which can be tuned by altering the MoS2 interlayer thickness. A multilayer permeation model was developed to delineate and analyze the transport resistance and permeability of the MoS2 interlayer and polyamide film through the regression of experimental data. The optimized MoS2-interlayered TFC membrane (0.3-inter) had a 96.8% Na2SO4 rejection combined with an excellent permeability of 15.9 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 (LMH/bar), approximately 2.4 times that of the control membrane (6.6 LMH/bar). This research provides a feasible strategy for the rational design of tunable, high-performance NF membranes for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Akshay Deshmukh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, Untied States
| | - Li Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufei Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Zhongying Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - John H Lienhard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, Untied States
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28
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Xie HY, Tang RH, Chen GE, Xu ZL, Mao HF. Highly heat-resistant NF membrane modified by quinoxaline diamines for Li+ extraction from the brine. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Ounissi T, Belhadj Ammar R, Larchet C, Chaabane L, Baklouti L, Dammak L, Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida E. Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020244. [PMID: 35207165 PMCID: PMC8876473 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent expansion of global Lithium Ion Battery (LIBs) production has generated a significant stress on the lithium demand. One of the means to produce this element is its extraction from different aqueous sources (salars, geothermal water etc.). However, the presence of other mono- and divalent cations makes this extraction relatively complex. Herein, we propose lithium-sodium separation by an electrodialysis (ED) process using a Lithium Composite Membrane (LCM), whose effectiveness was previously demonstrated by a Diffusion Dialysis process (previous work). LCM performances in terms of lithium Recovery Ratio (RR(Li+)) and Selectivity (S(Li/Na)) were investigated using different Li+/Na+ reconstituted solutions and two ED cells: a two-compartment cell was chosen for its simplicity, and a four-compartment one was selected for its potential to isolate the redox reactions at the electrodes. We demonstrated that the four-compartment cell use was advantageous since it provided membrane protection from protons and gases generated by the electrodes but that membrane selectivity was negatively affected. The impact of the applied current density and the concentration ratio of Na+ and Li+ in the feed compartment ([Na+]F/[Li+]F) were tested using the four-compartment cell. We showed that increasing the current density led to an improvement of RR(Li+) but to a reduction in the LCM selectivity towards Li+. Increasing the [Na+]F/[Li+]F ratios to 10 had a positive effect on the membrane performance. However, for high values of this ratio, both RR(Li+) and S(Li/Na) decreased. The optimal results were obtained at [Na+]F/[Li+]F near 10, where we succeeded in extracting more than 10% of the initial Li+ concentration with a selectivity value around 112 after 4 h of ED experiment at 0.5 mA·cm−2. Thus, we can objectively estimate that the concept of this selective extraction of Li+ from a mixture even when concentrated in Na+ using an ED process was validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takoua Ounissi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d'Électrochimie, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Belhadj Ammar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d'Électrochimie, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Christian Larchet
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Lobna Chaabane
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Lassaad Baklouti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts at Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lasâad Dammak
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Emna Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d'Électrochimie, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
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30
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Wang R, Zhang J, Tang CY, Lin S. Understanding Selectivity in Solute-Solute Separation: Definitions, Measurements, and Comparability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2605-2616. [PMID: 35072469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of membranes capable of precise solute-solute separation is still in its burgeoning stage without a standardized protocol for evaluating selectivity. Three types of membrane processes with different driving forces, including pressure-driven filtration, concentration difference-driven diffusion, and electric field-driven ion migration, have been applied in this study to characterize solute-solute selectivity of a commercial nanofiltration membrane. Our results demonstrated that selectivity values measured using different methods, or even different conditions with the same method, are generally not comparable. The cross-method incomparability is true for both apparent selectivity, defined as the ratio between concentration-normalized fluxes, and the more intrinsic selectivity, defined as the ratio between the permeabilities of solutes through the active separation layer. The difference in selectivity measured using different methods possibly stems from the fundamental differences in the driving force of ion transport, the effect of water transport, and the interaction between cations and anions. We further demonstrated the difference in selectivity measured using feed solutions containing single-salt species and that containing mixed salts. A consistent protocol with standardized testing conditions to facilitate fair performance comparison between studies is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
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Wu MB, Ye H, Zhu ZY, Chen GT, Ma LL, Liu SC, Liu L, Yao J, Xu ZK. Positively-charged nanofiltration membranes constructed via gas/liquid interfacial polymerization for Mg2+/Li+ separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fabrication of thin-film composite hollow fiber membranes in modules for concentrating pharmaceuticals and separating sulphate from high salinity brine in the chlor-alkali process. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kilmartin CP, Ouimet JA, Dowling AW, Phillip WA. Staged Diafiltration Cascades Provide Opportunities to Execute Highly Selective Separations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara P. Kilmartin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan Aubuchon Ouimet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Alexander W. Dowling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William A. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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