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Liu J, Li G, Zhao T, Gong Z, Li F, Xie W, Zhao S, Jiang S. The Effects of In Situ Growth of SiC Nanowires on the Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of SiC Porous Ceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 18:1910. [PMID: 40363413 PMCID: PMC12072932 DOI: 10.3390/ma18091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2025] [Revised: 04/20/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
In situ-grown SiC nanowires (SiCnws) on SiC porous material (SiCnws@SiC) were prepared using sol-gel and carbothermal reduction methods, which substantially improves the electromagnetic wave absorption property of composite material. The crystallinity and purity of SiCnws are the best when the sintering temperature is 1600 °C. When the ratio of the carbon source (C) to the silicon source (Si) is 1:1, SiCnws@SiC composite exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance, the minimum reflection loss is -56.95 dB at a thickness of 2.30 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth covers 1.85 GHz. The optimal effective absorption bandwidth is 4.01 GHz when the thickness is 2.59 mm. The enhancement of the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of SiCnws is mainly attributed to the increase in the heterogeneous interface and multiple reflection and scattering caused by the network structure, increasing dielectric loss and conduction loss. In addition, defects could occur during the growth of SiCnws, which could become the center of dipole polarization and increase the polarization loss of composite materials. Therefore, in situ growth of SiCnws on SiC porous ceramics is a promising method to improve electromagnetic wave absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (F.L.); (W.X.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- College of Liling Ceramic, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (G.L.); (Z.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Genlian Li
- College of Liling Ceramic, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (G.L.); (Z.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tianmiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- College of Liling Ceramic, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (G.L.); (Z.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Feng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (F.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wen Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (F.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Songze Zhao
- College of Liling Ceramic, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (G.L.); (Z.G.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
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Sun X, Yu C, Zhang L, Xie G. Strategy To Enhance Interfacial Properties: Preparation of Porous Polytetrafluoroethylene Fibers and the Adsorption of Initiators/Curing Agents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2025; 41:787-794. [PMID: 39716477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2024]
Abstract
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers exhibit high inertness and demonstrate limited interfacial bonding capabilities with other materials. To overcome this limitation, PTFE@ZnO fibers were developed by depositing the porous ZnO layer onto PTFE fibers via a hydrothermal reaction, and porous fibers were adsorbed curing agents or initiators. The interfacial shear strength (ILSS) of the composites demonstrated a significant improvement, particularly in the case of composites containing PTFE/initiator fibers, where the ILSS increased by 104.8% compared to PTFE alone (from 8.3 to 17.0 MPa). The digital image correlation (DIC) method revealed a more uniform stress distribution in the modified fiber composites at the point of fracture. Additionally, nanoscratch tests indicated a significant enhancement in the interfacial bonding between the modified fibers and the resin. The porous structures facilitated mechanical interlocking between the modified fibers and the resin. Furthermore, the presence of an adsorbed initiator/curing agent within the porous structure served as the initiation site for the free radical polymerization of vinyl ester resin 901, thereby enhancing the interfacial bonding between the modified fibers and the resin. The novel strategy presents a general and viable approach for the extensive modification of PTFE fibers, focusing on achieving exceptional interfacial bonding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Quan G, Wu Y, Li W, Li D, Gong B, Sun M, Ao Y, Xiao L, Liu Y. Growth of ZnO nanorods/flowers on the carbon fiber surfaces using sodium alginate as medium to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129457. [PMID: 38232869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The chemical inertness of the carbon fiber (CF) surface results in suboptimal mechanical properties of the prepared composites. To address this issue, we employed a combination of tannic acid and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane mixture (TA-APTES) grafted sodium alginate (SA) as a medium to enhance the interfacial properties of composites through the growth of ZnO nanoparticles on CF surfaces. ZnO nanolayers with rod-like and flower-like structures were obtained by adjusting the pH of the reaction system (pH = 10 and 12, respectively). Characterization results show that in comparison with the untreated CF composites, in the flexural strength, flexural modulus, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the as-prepared CF/TA-APTES/SA/ZnO10 (nanorods) composites were improved by 40.8 %, 58.4 %, 44.9 % and 47.8 %, respectively. The prepared CF/TA-APTES/SA/ZnO12 (nanoflowers) composite showed an increase in flexural strength, flexural modulus, ILSS and IFSS by 39.8 %, 63.6 %, 47.3 % and 48.2 %, respectively. These positive results indicate that the ZnO nanolayers increase the interfacial phase area and fiber surface roughness, thereby enhancing mechanical interlocking and load transfer between the fibers and resin matrix. This work provides a novel interfacial modification method for preparing CF composites used in longer and more durable wind turbine blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guipeng Quan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Composites, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunhuan Wu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daimei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bao Gong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengya Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhui Ao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Composites, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Linghan Xiao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Composites, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Gao Q, Zhang L, Chen Y, Nie H, Zhang B, Li H. Interfacial Design and Construction of Carbon Fiber Composites by Strongly Bound Hydroxyapatite Nanobelt-Carbon Nanotubes for Biological Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:874-882. [PMID: 36753612 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber composites are promising candidates for orthopedic implant applications, which calls for a combination of high mechanical strength and outstanding biotribological properties. In this work, hydroxyapatite nanobelts-carbon nanotubes (HN) were designed and constructed into carbon fiber-anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (DCPA)-epoxy composites (CDE) for simultaneously optimizing the mechanical and biotribological properties via the combined methods of pulse electrochemical deposition and injected chemical vapor deposition. HN provides more nucleation sites for the growth of DCPA and favors the infiltration of epoxy. In addition, HN optimizes the fiber/matrix interface by generating strong interfacial mechanical interlocking. Owing to the synergism of a strongly bound HN, the mechanical and biotribological properties of CDE have demonstrated significant improvement. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of HN-modified CDE (HN-CDE) increase by 52 and 170% compared with CDE, respectively. The wear rate and average friction coefficient of HN-CDE are decreased by 42% and increased by 45% compared with those of CDE, respectively. HN-CDE, with superior mechanical strength and biotribological properties, has high potential as a bone substitute and orthopedic implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hongwen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Xu X, Qiu P, Sun M, Luo J, Yu P, He L, Li J. Multifunctional epoxy resin-based composites with excellent flexural strength and X-ray imaging capacity using micro/nano structured QF-Bi 2SiO 5 fillers. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:640-647. [PMID: 36538007 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02377f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Composites have been widely applied in various industries and are beneficial in attaining complicated functionalities. Particularly, for dental fiber posts or orthopedic implants, the composites should have excellent mechanical properties and good imaging effects for visualization in vivo. The traditional method to improve mechanical strength and visibility by adding reinforcing fillers and radiopacifiers is complicated and has poor distributions and long production times. Hence, fabricating an integrated reinforced filler with radiopacity is of considerable economic and social significance. After ball-milling and sintering quartz fiber (QF) and bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3), a multifunctional filler (QF-Bi2SiO5) is fabricated to impart excellent flexural strengths and high X-ray imaging qualities to the composites. A composite made of epoxy resin (EP) and QF-Bi2SiO5 has a high bending strength (126.87 ± 6.78 MPa) and bending modulus (3649.31 ± 343.87 MPa), which are attributed to the tight mechanical interlock between EP and micro/nano structures of QF-Bi2SiO5. The QF-Bi2SiO5/EP composite shows good X-ray imaging quality owing to the Bi2SiO5 crystal. Furthermore, the mechanical and imaging performances of various composites with commercial fillers were compared with that of the QF-Bi2SiO5/EP composite. No filler was found that can perform both functions as well as QF-Bi2SiO5. Hence, the fabricated composites containing micro/nano structured QF-Bi2SiO5 fillers have the potential to be used in a variety of fields requiring mechanical strength and X-ray imaging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Peiyu Qiu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Libang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610061, China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610061, China.
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Nie H, Sheng H, Li H. Balanced Mechanical and Biotribological Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced by a 3D Interlocked Si 3N 4 Nanowire Membrane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56203-56212. [PMID: 36484566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer composites have great potential applications in the hip joint replacement, where the combinations of high mechanical strength and excellent biotribological properties are required. In this work, a well-dispersed three-dimensional (3D) silicon nitride nanowire membrane (SNm) designed as a reinforcement and brushite (Bs) served as bioactive filler are constructed into the polymer matrix, forming SNm-reinforced Bs/polymer composites (SNm-Bs/Pm). Especially, SNm could form a 3D interlocked structure, where the ultralong silicon nitride nanowires are entangled with each other. SNm could effectively facilitate the penetration of the polymer matrix and improve the cohesion strength of the polymer, thereby promoting mechanical and biotribological properties for SNm-Bs/Pm. The performances for polymer composites are optimized by increasing the layer number of preform. By comparing SNm-Bs/Pm with one-layer preform, the tensile strength of SNm-Bs/Pm with six-layer preforms reaches 83.3 MPa with an increase of 767.7%. In addition, the friction coefficient and wear rate of SNm-Bs/Pm with six-layer preforms in fetal bovine serum medium achieve 0.06 and 0.21 × 10-14 m3(N·m)-1 and decrease by 82.4 and 72.4%, respectively. The present work provides a promising methodology of preparing interlocked SNm-reinforced polymer composites with enhanced mechanical and biotribological properties that are potential for hip joint replacement applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hongwen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hongchao Sheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Hejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Valuable aramid/cellulose nanofibers derived from recycled resources for reinforcing carbon fiber/phenolic composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119712. [PMID: 35725188 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The scale-up preparation of aramid nanofiber (ANF) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), still faces serious challenges such as extreme production cost and lengthy preparation cycle. Herein, a feasible top-down strategy was proposed to achieve the efficient reclamation of waste resources, further realizing the large-scale production of high value-added nanofibers. The ANF/CNF as nanoscale building blocks and their reinforcement effects on the mechanical performances of carbon fiber/phenolic composites were investigated. Related strength and modulus of ANF/CNF-enhanced composites in the tensile, bending, shear and nano indentation tests, increased by 118.1% (tensile strength), 141.2% (tensile modulus), 142.2% (flexural strength), 354.4% (flexural modulus), 38.8% (shear strength) and 94.4% (elastic modulus), respectively. Our work offers a valuable reference in the fabrication of low-cost ANF/CNF derived from waste resources, which would facilitate the wide application of nanofibers in fabricating high-performance advanced functional materials.
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He Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu M, Yuan J, Li P, Yang M. Combined effect of interfacial modification and α-ZrP reinforcement on the tribological properties of PPS fabric/phenolic composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ma S, Tian H, Fei J, Li H. Significant enhancement on the mechanical and tribological performances of paper‐based friction materials by designing silicone@
SiO
2
core‐shell structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Haochen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Jie Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Hejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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Ma S, Li H, Li C, Tian H, Tao M, Fei J, Qi L. Metal-organic frameworks/polydopamine synergistic interface enhancement of carbon fiber/phenolic composites for promoting mechanical and tribological performances. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20234-20247. [PMID: 34851344 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber/phenolic composites have wide application prospects in the transmission of vehicles, where the combination of prominent mechanical and tribological properties is required. Multiscale metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and polydopamine (PDA) as binary reinforcements were employed to construct a rigid-flexible hierarchical structure for improving the interfacial performances of friction materials. This unique rigid-flexible (MOFs/PDA) reinforcement could act as an effective interfacial linker, significantly facilitating the integration of fibers into the matrix and establishing a strong mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding onto the fiber/matrix interphase, thus boosting the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Benefiting from the MOF/PDA synergistic enhancement effects, the interlaminar shear strength of ZIF-8-composites (P1), MOF-5-composites (P2) and UiO-66-(COOH)2-composites (P3) was improved by 70.80%, 43.80% and 53.28%, respectively. In addition, the wear rate of P1 decreased from 3.55 × 10-8 cm3 J-1 to 2.45 × 10-8 cm3 J-1. This work provides a feasible approach for establishing rigid-flexible reinforced structures and opens up a double-component synergistic enhancement strategy to efficiently promote mechanical and tribological properties for fabricating high-performance carbon fiber/phenolic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Hejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Haochen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Meixia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Jie Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Lehua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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