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Go CY, Shin J, Choi MK, Jung IH, Kim KC. Switchable Design of Redox-Enhanced Nonaromatic Quinones Enabled by Conjugation Recovery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311155. [PMID: 38117071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An innovative switchable design strategy for modulating the electronic structures of quinones is proposed herein, leading to remarkably enhanced intrinsic redox potentials by restoring conjugated but nonaromatic backbone architectures. Computational validation of two fundamental hypotheses confirms the recovery of backbone conjugation and optimal utilization of the inductive effect in switched quinones, which affords significantly improved redox chemistry and overall performance compared to reference quinones. Geometric and electronic analyses provide strong evidence for the restored backbone conjugation and nonaromaticity in the switched quinones, while highlighting the reinforcement of the inductive effect and suppression of the resonance effect. This strategic approach facilitates the development of an exceptional quinone, viz. 2,6-naphthoquinone, with outstanding performance parameters (338.9 mAh g-1 and 912.9 mWh g-1). Furthermore, 2,6-anthraquinone with superior cyclic stability, demonstrates comparable performance (257.4 mAh g-1 and 702.8 mWh g-1). These findings offer valuable insights into the design of organic cathode materials with favorable redox chemistry in secondary batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Go
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Shin
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, The Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Choi
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chul Kim
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Khetan A, Zheng J, Huijben M, Janssen RAJ, Er S. Discovery of lead quinone cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2023; 2:1016-1025. [PMID: 38013813 PMCID: PMC10408572 DOI: 10.1039/d2dd00112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic cathode materials are attractive candidates for the development of high-performance Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The chemical space of candidate molecules is too vast to be explored solely by experiments; however, it can be systematically explored by a high-throughput computational search that incorporates a spectrum of screening techniques. Here, we present a time- and resource-efficient computational scheme that incorporates machine learning and semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods to study the chemical space of approximately 200 000 quinone-based molecules for use as cathode materials in LIBs. By performing an automated search on a commercial vendor database, computing battery-relevant properties such as redox potential, gravimetric charge capacity, gravimetric energy density, and synthetic complexity score, and evaluating the structural integrity upon the lithiation process, a total of 349 molecules were identified as potentially high-performing cathode materials for LIBs. The chemical space of the screened candidates was visualized using dimensionality reduction methods with the aim of further downselecting the best candidates for experimental validation. One such directly purchasable candidate, 1,4,9,10-anthracenetetraone, was analyzed through cyclic voltammetry experiments. The measured redox potentials of the two lithiation steps, , of 3.3 and 2.4 V, were in good agreement with the predicted redox potentials, , of 3.2 and 2.3 V vs. Li/Li+, respectively. Lastly, to lay out the principles for rational design of quinone-based cathode materials beyond the current work, we constructed and discussed the quantitative structure property relationships of quinones based on the data generated from the calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5600 MB the Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Khetan
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven the Netherlands
- Multiscale Modeling of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Energy Systems, RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52062 Germany
| | - Jie Zheng
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente Enschede 7500 AE the Netherlands
| | - Mark Huijben
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente Enschede 7500 AE the Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven the Netherlands
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular System, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5600 MB the Netherlands
| | - Süleyman Er
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven the Netherlands
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Lambert F, Danten Y, Gatti C, Bocquet B, Franco AA, Frayret C. Carbonyl-Based Redox-Active Compounds as Organic Electrodes for Batteries: Escape from Middle-High Redox Potentials and Further Improvement? J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37285603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracting─from the vast space of organic compounds─the best electrode candidates for achieving energy material breakthrough requires the identification of the microscopic causes and origins of various macroscopic features, including notably electrochemical and conduction properties. As a first guess of their capabilities, molecular DFT calculations and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM)-derived indicators were applied to explore the family of pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2,6-dione (PPD, i.e., A0) compounds, expanded to A0 fused with various kinds of rings (benzene, fluorinated benzene, thiophene, and merged thiophene/benzene). A glimpse of up-to-now elusive key incidences of introducing oxygen in vicinity to the carbonyl redox center within 6MRs─as embedded in the A0 core central unit common to all A-type compounds─has been gained. Furthermore, the main driving force toward achieving modulated low redox potential/band gaps thanks to fusing the aromatic rings for the A compound series was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lambert
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314; Hub de l'Energie; Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80000 Amiens Cedex, France
- The French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), 20 Avenue du Grésillé-BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Yann Danten
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Carlo Gatti
- CNR SCITEC, CNR Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Sede Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Bryan Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314; Hub de l'Energie; Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80000 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Alejandro A Franco
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314; Hub de l'Energie; Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80000 Amiens Cedex, France
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute, Hub de l'Energie, FR CNRS 3104, 15 rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint Michel, Paris 75005, France
| | - Christine Frayret
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314; Hub de l'Energie; Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80000 Amiens Cedex, France
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute, Hub de l'Energie, FR CNRS 3104, 15 rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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Choi S, Song S, Ko Y, Kim KC. Impact of Structural Flexibility of Amine Moieties as Bridges for Redox-Active Sites on Secondary Battery Performance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300219. [PMID: 36897490 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although environmentally benign organic cathode materials for secondary batteries are in demand, their high solubility in electrolyte solvents hinders broad applicability. In this study, a bridging fragment to link redox-active sites is incorporated into organic complexes with the aim of preventing dissolution in electrolyte systems with no significant performance loss. Evaluation of these complexes using an advanced computational approach reveals that the type of redox-active site (i. e., dicyanide, quinone, or dithione) is a key parameter for determining the intrinsic redox activity of the complexes, with the redox activity decreasing in the order of dithione>quinone>dicyanide. In contrast, the structural integrity is strongly reliant on the bridging style (i. e., amine-based single linkage or diamine-based double linkage). In particular, owing to their rigid anchoring effect, diamine-based double linkages incorporated at dithione sites allow structural integrity to be maintained with no significant decrease in the high thermodynamic performance of dithione sites. These findings provide insights into design directions for insoluble organic cathode materials that can sustain high performance and structural durability during repeated cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siku Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
| | - Songi Song
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongnam Ko
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chul Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, The Republic of Korea
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Gallmetzer JM, Kröll S, Werner D, Wielend D, Irimia-Vladu M, Portenkirchner E, Sariciftci NS, Hofer TS. Anthraquinone and its derivatives as sustainable materials for electrochemical applications - a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the redox potential in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16207-16219. [PMID: 35757985 PMCID: PMC9258729 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinone (AQ) has long been identified as a highly promising lead structure for various applications in organic electronics. Considering the enormous number of possible substitution patterns of the AQ lead structure, with only a minority being commercially available, a systematic experimental screening of the associated electrochemical potentials represents a highly challenging and time consuming task, which can be greatly enhanced via suitable virtual pre-screening techniques. In this work the calculated electrochemical reduction potentials of pristine AQ and 12 hydroxy- or/and amino-substituted AQ derivatives in N,N-dimethylformamide have been correlated against newly measured experimental data. In addition to the calculations performed using density functional theory (DFT), the performance of different semi-empirical density functional tight binding (DFTB) approaches has been critically assessed. It was shown that the SCC DFTB/3ob parametrization in conjunction with the COSMO solvation model provides a highly adequate description of the electrochemical potentials also in the case of the two-fold reduced species. While the quality in the correlation against the experimental data proved to be slightly inferior compared to the employed DFT approach, the highly advantageous cost-accuracy ratio of the SCC DFTB/3ob/COSMO framework has important implications in the formulation of hierarchical screening strategies for materials associated with organic electronics. Based on the observed performance, the low-cost method provides sufficiently accurate results to execute efficient pre-screening protocols, which may then be followed by a DFT-based refinement of the best candidate structures to facilitate a systematic search for new, high-performance organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef M Gallmetzer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Kröll
- Theoretical Chemistry, Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Josef-Möller-Haus, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Engelbert Portenkirchner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Josef-Möller-Haus, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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