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Fang K, Li P, Zhang B, Liu S, Zhao X, Kou L, Xu W, Guo X, Li J. Insights on updates in sodium alginate/MXenes composites as the designer matrix for various applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132032. [PMID: 38702004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in two-dimensional materials, particularly MXenes, have spurred the development of innovative composites through their integration with natural polymers such as sodium alginate (SA). Mxenes exhibit a broad specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and an abundance of surface terminations, which can be combined with SA to maximize the synergistic effect of the materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art techniques in the fabrication of SA/MXene composites, analyzing the resulting structural and functional enhancements with a specific focus on advancing the design of these composites for practical applications. A detailed exploration of SA/MXene composites is provided, highlighting their utility in various sectors, such as wearable electronics, wastewater treatment, biomedical applications, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The review identifies the unique advantages conferred by incorporating MXene in these composites, examines the current challenges, and proposes future research directions to understand and optimize these promising materials thoroughly. The remarkable properties of MXenes are emphasized as crucial for advancing the performance of SA-based composites, indicating significant potential for developing high-performance composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China,.
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Si Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Linxuan Kou
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Lounasvuori M, Zhang T, Gogotsi Y, Petit T. Tuning the Microenvironment of Water Confined in Ti 3C 2T x MXene by Cation Intercalation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:2803-2813. [PMID: 38414833 PMCID: PMC10895661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The local microenvironment has recently been found to play a major role in the electrocatalytic activity of nanomaterials. Modulating the microenvironment by adding alkali metal cations into the electrolyte can be used to either suppress hydrogen or oxygen evolution, thereby extending the electrochemical window of energy storage systems, or to tune the selectivity of electrocatalysts. MXenes are a large family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides that have shown potential for use in electrochemical energy storage applications. Due to their negatively charged surfaces, MXenes can accommodate cations and water molecules between the layers. Nevertheless, the nature of the aqueous microenvironment in the MXene interlayer space is poorly understood. Here, we apply Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to probe the hydrogen bonding of intercalated water in Ti3C2Tx as a function of intercalated cation and relative humidity. Substantial changes in the FTIR spectra after cation exchange demonstrate that the hydrogen bonding of water molecules confined between the MXene layers is strongly cation-dependent. Furthermore, the IR absorbance of the confined water correlates with resistivity estimated by 4-point probe measurements and interlayer distance calculated from XRD patterns. This work demonstrates that cation intercalation strongly modulates the confined microenvironment, which can be used to tune the activity or selectivity of electrochemical reactions in the interlayer space of MXenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailis Lounasvuori
- Nanoscale Solid-Liquid Interfaces, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Teng Zhang
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tristan Petit
- Nanoscale Solid-Liquid Interfaces, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Cockreham CB, Goncharov VG, Hammond-Pereira E, Reece ME, Strzelecki AC, Xu W, Saunders SR, Xu H, Guo X, Wu D. Energetic Stability and Interfacial Complexity of Ti 3C 2T x MXenes Synthesized with HF/HCl and CoF 2/HCl as Etching Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41542-41554. [PMID: 36040849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are ultra-thin two-dimensional layered early transition-metal carbides and nitrides with potential applications in various emerging technologies, such as energy storage, water purification, and catalysis. MXenes are synthesized from the parent MAX phases with different etching agents [hydrofluoric acid (HF) or fluoride salts with a strong acid] by selectively removing a more weakly bound crystalline layer of Al or Ga replaced by surface groups (-O, -F, -OH, etc.). Ti3C2Tx MXene synthesized by CoF2/HCl etching has layered heterogeneity due to intercalated Al3+ and Co2+ that act as pillars for interlayer spacings. This study investigates the impacts of etching environments on the compositional, interfacial, structural, and thermodynamic properties of Ti3C2Tx MXenes. Specifically, compared with HF/HCl etching, CoF2/HCl treatment leads to a Ti3C2Tx MXene with a broader distribution of interlayer distances, increased number of intercalated cations, and decreased degree of hydration. Moreover, we determine the enthalpies of formation at 25 °C (ΔHf,25°C) of Ti3C2Tx MXenes etched with CoF2/HCl, ΔHf,25°C = -1891.7 ± 35.7 kJ/mol Ti3C2, and etched with HF/HCl, ΔHf,25°C = -1978.2 ± 35.7 kJ/mol Ti3C2, using high-temperature oxidation drop calorimetry. These energetic data are discussed and compared with experimentally derived and computationally predicted values to elucidate the effects of intercalants and surface groups of MXenes. We find that MXenes with intercalated metal cations have a less exothermic ΔHf,25°C from an increase in the interlayer space and dimension heterogeneity and a decrease in the degree of hydration leading to reduced layer-layer van der Waals interactions and weakened hydration effects applied on the MXene layers. The outcomes of this study further our understanding of MXene's energetic-structural-interfacial property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody B Cockreham
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Vitaliy G Goncharov
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ellis Hammond-Pereira
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Margaret E Reece
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Andrew C Strzelecki
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, Illinois 60438, United States
| | - Steven R Saunders
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Hongwu Xu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, New Mexico 87545, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Yu L, Xu L, Lu L, Alhalili Z, Zhou X. Thermal Properties of MXenes and Relevant Applications. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200203. [PMID: 35674280 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The properties and applications of MXenes (a family of layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have aroused enormous research interests for a decade since the successful synthesis of few-layer transition metal carbides in 2011. Though MXenes, as the building blocks, have already been applied in various fields (such as wearable electronics) owing to the distinctive optical, mechanical and electrical properties, their thermal stability and intrinsic thermal properties were less thoroughly investigated compared to other characteristics in early reports. The pioneering theoretical prediction of the thermoelectric nature of MXenes was performed in 2013 while the first experiment-based report concerning the degradation behavior of the 2D structure at elevated temperatures in a controlled atmosphere was published in 2015, followed by numerous discoveries regarding the thermal properties of MXenes. Herein, after a brief description of the synthesis, this Review summarized the latest insights into the thermal stability and thermophysical properties of MXenes, and further associated these unique properties with relevant applications by multiple examples. Finally, current hurdles and challenges in this field were provided along with some advices on potential research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lyu Xu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
| | - Zahrah Alhalili
- College of Sciences and Arts, Shaqra University, Sajir, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214153, People's Republic of China
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