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Kumar K, Thakur D, Karmakar A, Patra S, Kumar A, Banik S, Ghosh S. Indolo[3,2- a]carbazoles as Engineered Materials for Optoelectronic Applications: Synthesis, Structural Insights, and Computational Screening. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38754107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The biological and medicinal importance of indolocarbazoles has been known for the past several decades. However, in recent times, these compounds have been emerging as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications, although several challenges are associated with their synthesis. We report here a Pd(II)-catalyzed process for the synthesis of indolo[3,2-a]carbazoles. The reaction proceeded under neat conditions and in the presence of aqueous nonmetallic oxidant TBHP, and the products were purified directly after the completion of the reaction. Also, the possibility of employing the present method for reaction with gram-scale feed was investigated. A detailed single-crystal analysis of several indolo[3,2-a]carbazoles revealed how the molecular arrangement can be tuned by altering the functionalization. Finally, the developed molecules were screened computationally to assess their potential for possible use as hole transport materials (HTMs) for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Diksha Thakur
- School of Chemical Sciences, IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Anirban Karmakar
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Subhendu Patra
- School of Chemical Sciences, IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Subrata Banik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, IIT Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi 175005, India
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2
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Mamada M, Hayakawa M, Ochi J, Hatakeyama T. Organoboron-based multiple-resonance emitters: synthesis, structure-property correlations, and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1624-1692. [PMID: 38168795 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Boron-based multiple-resonance (MR) emitters exhibit the advantages of narrowband emission, high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and sufficient stability during the operation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Thus, such MR emitters have been widely applied as blue emitters in triplet-triplet-annihilation-driven fluorescent devices used in smartphones and televisions. Moreover, they hold great promise as TADF or terminal emitters in TADF-assisted fluorescence or phosphor-sensitised fluorescent OLEDs. Herein we comprehensively review organoboron-based MR emitters based on their synthetic strategies, clarify structure-photophysical property correlations, and provide design guidelines and future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Junki Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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3
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Wang J, Yang Y, Gu F, Zhai X, Yao C, Zhang J, Jiang C, Xi X. Molecular Engineering Modulating the Singlet-Triplet Energy Splitting of Indolocarbazole-Based TADF Emitters Exhibiting AIE Properties for Nondoped Blue OLEDs with EQE of Nearly 20. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59643-59654. [PMID: 38090754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nature, for the construction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), is still insufficient. This can be attributed to the challenges encountered in molecular design, including the inherent trade-off between radiative decay and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), as well as small singlet-triplet energy splitting (ΔEST) and the requirement for high photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL). Herein, we present the design of three highly efficient blue TADF molecules with AIE characteristics by combining π-extended donors with different acceptors to modulate the differences in the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing abilities. This approach not only ensures high emission efficiency by suppressing close π-π stacking, weakening nonradiative relaxation, and enhancing radiative transition but also maintains the equilibrium ratio between the triplet and singlet excitons by facilitating the process of RISC. These emitters exhibit AIE and TADF properties, featuring quick radiative rates and low nonradiative rates. The ΦPL of these emitters reached an impressive 88%. Based on their excellent comprehensive performance, nondoped PICzPMO and PICzPMO OLEDs achieved excellent electroluminescence performance, exhibiting maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 19.5%, while the doped device achieved a higher EQEmax of 20.8%. This work demonstrated that by fusing π-extended large rigid donors with different acceptors, it is possible to regulate the difference in electron-donating and electron-withdrawing abilities, resulting in a small ΔEST, high ΦPL, and fast RISC process, which is a highly feasible strategy for designing efficient TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Fei Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xuesong Zhai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chuang Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advance Materials Technology (EBEAM), Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuifeng Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xinguo Xi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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Naveen KR, Konidena RK, Keerthika P. Neoteric Advances in Oxygen Bridged Triaryl Boron-based Delayed Fluorescent Materials for Organic Light Emitting Diodes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300208. [PMID: 37555789 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Since their first demonstration, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have been emerged as the most promising emitters because of their promising applications in optoelectronics, typified by organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In which, the rigid oxygen bridged boron acceptor-featured (DOBNA) emitters have gained tremendous impetus for OLEDs, which is ascribed to their excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE). However, these materials often displayed severe efficiency roll-off and poor operational stability. Therefore, there needs to be a comprehensive understanding of the aspect of the molecular design and structure-property relationship. To the best of our knowledge, there is no detailed review on the structure-function outlook of DOBNA-based emitters emphasizing the effect of the nature of donor units, their number density, and substitution pattern on the physicochemical properties, excited state dynamics and OLED performance were reported. To fill this gap, herein we presented the recent advancements in DOBNA-based acceptor featured TADF materials by classifying them into several subgroups based on the molecular design i. e. donor-acceptor (D-A), D-A-D, A-D-A, and multi-resonant TADF (MR-TADF) emitters. The detailed design concepts, along with their respective physicochemical and OLED performances were summarized. Finally, the prospective of this class of materials in forthcoming OLED displays is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkera Rayappa Naveen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rajendra Kumar Konidena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - P Keerthika
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Woo JY, Park MH, Jeong SH, Kim YH, Kim B, Lee TW, Han TH. Advances in Solution-Processed OLEDs and their Prospects for Use in Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207454. [PMID: 36300804 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines problems and progress in development of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (SOLEDs) in industry and academia. Solution processing has several advantages such as low consumption of materials, low-cost processing, and large-area manufacturing. However, use of a solution process entails complications, such as the need for solvent resistivity and solution-processable materials, and yields SOLEDs that have limited luminous efficiency, severe roll-off characteristics, and short lifetime compared to OLEDs fabricated using thermal evaporation. These demerits impede production of practical SOLED displays. This review outlines the industrial demands for commercial SOLEDs and the current status of SOLED development in industries and academia, and presents research guidelines for the development of SOLEDs that have high efficiency, long lifetime, and good processability to achieve commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yoon Woo
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hun Jeong
- Future Technology Research Center, LG Chem, Ltd., 30, Magokjunang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07794, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjae Kim
- Future Technology Research Center, LG Chem, Ltd., 30, Magokjunang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07794, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Han
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Suresh SM, Zhang L, Matulaitis T, Hall D, Si C, Ricci G, Slawin AMZ, Warriner S, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Samuel IDW, Zysman-Colman E. Judicious Heteroatom Doping Produces High-Performance Deep-Blue/Near-UV Multiresonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300997. [PMID: 37140188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are presented and it is shown how further borylation of a deep-blue MR-TADF emitter, DIDOBNA-N, both blueshifts and narrows the emission producing a new near-UV MR-TADF emitter, MesB-DIDOBNA-N, are shown. DIDOBNA-N emits bright blue light (ΦPL = 444 nm, FWHM = 64 nm, ΦPL = 81%, τd = 23 ms, 1.5 wt% in TSPO1). The deep-blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on this twisted MR-TADF compound shows a very high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 15.3% for a device with CIEy of 0.073. The fused planar MR-TADF emitter, MesB-DIDOBNA-N shows efficient and narrowband near-UV emission (λPL = 402 nm, FWHM = 19 nm, ΦPL = 74.7%, τd = 133 ms, 1.5 wt% in TSPO1). The best OLED with MesB-DIDOBNA-N, doped in a co-host, shows the highest efficiency reported for a near-UV OLED at 16.2%. With a CIEy coordinate of 0.049, this device also shows the bluest EL reported for a MR-TADF OLED to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeesh Madayanad Suresh
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Le Zhang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Gaetano Ricci
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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He X, Lou J, Li B, Wang H, Peng X, Li G, Liu L, Huang Y, Zheng N, Xing L, Huo Y, Yang D, Ma D, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Tang BZ. An Ultraviolet Fluorophore with Narrowed Emission via Coplanar Molecular Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209425. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jingli Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Baoxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiaoluo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ganggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Longjiang Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission AIE Institute Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Shenzhen 518172 China
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Konidena RK, Oh S, Kang S, Park SS, Lee H, Park J. Indolo[3,2,1- jk]carbazole-Derived Narrowband Violet-Blue Fluorophores: Tuning the Optical and Electroluminescence Properties by Chromophore Juggling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6668-6679. [PMID: 35512315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of rigid polyaromatic building blocks for narrowband violet fluorophores has received tremendous attention. Herein, we designed and synthesized two new triangle-shaped rigid building blocks, namely, 2,5-di-tert-butylindolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole (tBuICz) and 2,11-di-tert-butylindolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole-4-carbonitrile (tBuICzCN), and tethered them with different chromophores to yield a series of violet-blue fluorophores, viz., ICzTPA-ICzPICN, and studied their structure-function relationship. The appended chromophores and cyano unit played a vital role in controlling the optical and electrical properties of the compounds. Except triphenylamine-substituted derivatives, the compounds showed pure violet emission (λem ≤ 403 nm). Intriguingly, the compounds exhibited narrow-band emission with a full-width at half-maximum ≤ 40 nm, attributed to the rigidity of the ICz core. The emission of the compounds displayed positive solvatochromism, which is ascribed to the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state. The compounds revealed excellent thermal robustness with T5d ≥ 363 °C. The triphenylamine-featuring derivatives displayed a high-lying HOMO compared to their congeners due to their electron-rich nature. When we applied these materials in organic light-emitting diodes, ICzPI outperformed in the series with an EQEmax of 3.07% and a current efficiency of 1.04 cd/A. Notably, its CIEy ∼ 0.046 precisely matched with the Rec.2020 standard of deep-blue color (CIEy ∼ 0.046).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyoung Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyunghee University, Suwon 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyunghee University, Suwon 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Shin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyunghee University, Suwon 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyunghee University, Suwon 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyunghee University, Suwon 17104, Republic of Korea
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