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Sääsk V, Abe A, Kametani Y, Shiota Y, Sato O, Adachi C. Dynamic Luminescence Vapochromism of Pyridinium-Based Organic Salts. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402777. [PMID: 39327811 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Organic vapochromic materials which undergo a drastic change in their photophysical properties upon exposure to vapors or gases are attracting growing scientific attention because of their low price and wide range of possible applications. In this work, luminescence vapochromism of carbazole-pyridinium-based organic salts with a general structure of (CzPy)X (CzPy+=2,3-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridinium ion; X=Cl, Br or I) is reported. It was found that (CzPy)X compounds form J-aggregates, which rearranged back to monomeric form upon exposure to methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water vapors. In contrast, acetonitrile was found to promote the J-aggregation in (CzPy)X compounds by occupying the voids in their crystal lattice and pushing cations closer together. It was further demonstrated that the efficiency of J-aggregation in (CzPy)X compounds depends on the size of the anion, which was employed to realize dynamic luminescence vapochromism, with vapochromic response times ranging from a couple of minutes in (CzPy)Cl to more than an hour in (CzPy)I. In addition, (CzPy)X compounds exhibited high melting points of about 250 °C and excellent thermal stability. (CzPy)Cl and (CzPy)Br have also shown good photoluminescence quantum yields at room temperature in a solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Sääsk
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayano Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Kametani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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2
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Murata H, Suzuki S, Terakubo K, Imai Y, Ito S. Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Turn-On Luminescence of Chiral Bisimidazolyl BINOL Dimethyl Ether Crystals. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400293. [PMID: 38750665 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive organic luminescent crystals have attracted significant attention in recent years for their potential in sensor and memory applications. While turn-on luminescence is superior in detection sensitivity compared with turn-off luminescence, the development of organic crystals that exhibit turn-on luminescence in response to multiple stimuli remains a significant challenge. Herein, the crystals of chiral bisimidazolyl 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) dimethyl ether have exhibited a dual-stimuli-responsive turn-on luminescence based on two distinct mechanisms. In the crystalline state, luminescence was substantially quenched by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the imidazole rings. Mechanical stimulation induced a transition to a blue-violet-emissive amorphous state. In contrast, thermal stimulation produced an orange luminescence, attributed to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) luminescence from thermally demethylated products. Furthermore, the thermally induced state exhibited circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), marking a rare instance of stimuli-responsive turn-on CPL in a solid-state system. This study provides new insights into environmental and structural factors for solid-state luminescent properties and advances the design guidelines for multifunctional luminescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Murata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Seika Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Terakubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Suguru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Yang L, Zhao E, Wang G, Yu X, Gu X. Solid-Emission-Tunable Squaraine with Thermal-Promoted Aggregate-State Transitions for Fast Thermal History Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38709905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Determining thermal history is crucial in many industrial processes, but reliable and sensitive organic thermal history indicators are currently absent. Herein, we report on the development of a squaraine-based fluorescent molecule, DPEA-SQ, for the detection of thermal exposure histories up to 436 K. DPEA-SQ forms multiple single crystals (DPEA-SQ-I, DPEA-SQ-II, and DPEA-SQ-III) with different conformations and aggregate-state packing modes, contributing to their different fluorescence wavelengths, lifetimes, and efficiencies. Interestingly, DPEA-SQ-I and DPEA-SQ-III undergo aggregate-state structural transitions to form the thermodynamically more stable DPEA-SQ-II, which are accompanied by changes in their fluorescence. By taking advantage of similar aggregate-state structural transformations during heating, a high-temperature thermal exposure history of up to 436 K is recorded and reflected by their fluorescence. To demonstrate the potential practical applications of DPEA-SQ, a DPEA-SQ-Powder/PDMS film is prepared and coated on an electric circuit board, which enables real-time monitoring of localized overheating by the naked eye. Additionally, the fluorescence peaks of DPEA-SQ-Powder and DPEA-SQ-Powder/PDMS films remain unchanged after storage at 373 K for 52 days, demonstrating high aggregate-state stability. The fast and reliable responses of this system make it an excellent candidate for the detection of overtemperature traces in electronic components and circuit diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Re-source Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Engui Zhao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, HIT Campus of University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Re-source Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Re-source Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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4
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Yang YH, Chen YS, Chuang WT, Yang JS. Bifurcated Polymorphic Transition and Thermochromic Fluorescence of a Molecular Crystal Involving Three-Dimensional Supramolecular Gear Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8131-8141. [PMID: 38471139 PMCID: PMC10979455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The ability of molecules to move and rearrange in the solid state accounts for the polymorphic transition and stimuli-responsive properties of molecular crystals. However, how the crystal structure determines the molecular motion ability remains poorly understood. Here, we report that a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular gear network in the green-emissive polymorph 1G of a dialkylamino-substituted anthracene-pentiptycene π-system (1) enables an unusual bifurcated polymorphic transition into a yellow-emissive polymorph (1Y) and a new green-emissive polymorph (1G*) via 3D correlated supramolecular rotation. The 90° forward correlated rotation causes the molecular conformation between the octyl and the anthracene units to change from syn to anti, the ladder-like supramolecular columns to constrict, and the gear network to disengage. This cooperative molecular motion is marked by the gradual formation of an intermediate state (1I) across the entire crystal from 170 to 230 °C, which then undergoes bifurcated (forward or backward rotation) and irreversible transitions to form polymorphs 1Y and 1G* at 230-235 °C. Notably, 1G* is similar to 1G but lacks gear engagement, preventing its transformation into 1Y. Nevertheless, 1G can be restored by grinding 1Y or 1G* or fuming with dichloromethane (DCM) vapor. This work illustrates the correlation between the crystal structure and solid-state molecular motion behavior and demonstrates how a 3D molecular gear system efficiently transmits thermal energy to drive the polymorphic transition and induce fluorochromism through significant conformational and packing changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30092, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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5
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Chakraborty M, Sivasakthi P, Samanta PK, Chakravarty M. Concentration-tuned diverse response to selective biogenic amines using a reusable fluorophore: monitoring protein-rich food spoilage. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2746-2760. [PMID: 38379378 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining the freshness of food is essential for a healthy and quality life. Nevertheless, it remains a global challenge. Hence, an easy detection and monitoring protocol would be highly desirable. A cyanoacrylic acid (CAA)-based fluorophore is manifested as a reusable platform that responds diversely against different concentrations of selective aliphatic biogenic amines (BAs) in both solution and vapor phases. Slow spoilage of the protein-rich food is progressively monitored through emission shifts visible to the naked eye. This fluorophore provides easy and naked-eye detection of the BA vapor through a change in emission, i.e., red → orange → orange-yellow → cyan → green and quantum yield enhancement, which occur in stepwise increments of vapor concentrations. The probe design includes π-conjugated functionalized fluorescent molecules linked to multiple twisting sites, resulting in both solid and solution-state emission. The attached carboxylic acid responds quickly with selective BAs, mainly putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), and spermidine (SPM), where the concentration-based emission variation has appeared to be distinct and prominent against PUT [sensitivity (μM): 2 (solution); 3.3 (vapour)]. The selectivity towards diamine can be clarified by the formation of carboxylic acid salts and the consequent proton exchanges between free and protonated amines. In addition, -CN···H interaction is likely to develop within this ammonium carboxylate system, providing extra stability. Such ammonium carboxylate salt formation and gradual change in the molecular arrangement, resulting in symmetry development, are validated by FT-IR and wide-angle X-ray diffraction studies. Besides, this fact is supported by DFT studies that validate intramolecular H-atom exchange between free amine and ammonium salt units. A fluorophore-coated coverslip, filter paper, or silica gel-coated Al-plate is fruitfully utilized to detect the freshness of fish and chicken, which reveals the potential of this probe to prevent food waste and control food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
| | - Pandiyan Sivasakthi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
| | - Pralok K Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
| | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India.
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Lun MM, Ni HF, Zhang ZX, Li JY, Jia QQ, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Fu DW. Unusual Thermal Quenching of Photoluminescence from an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid [MnBr 4 ] 2- -based Halide Mediated by Crystalline-Crystalline Phase Transition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313590. [PMID: 37814153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate and manipulate photoluminescence (PL) behavior has been of primary importance for applications in information security. Excavating novel optical effects to create more possibilities for information encoding has become a continuous challenge. Herein, we present an unprecedented PL temporary quenching that highly couples with thermodynamic phase transition in a hybrid crystal (DMML)2 MnBr4 (DMML=N,N-dimethylmorpholinium). Such unusual PL behavior originates from the anomalous variation of [MnBr4 ]2- tetrahedrons that leads to non-radiation recombination near the phase transition temperature of 340 K. Remarkably, the suitable detectable temperature, narrow response window, high sensitivity, and good cyclability of this PL temporary quenching will endow encryption applications with high concealment, operational flexibility, durability, and commercial popularization. Profited from these attributes, a fire-new optical encryption model is devised to demonstrate high confidential information security. This unprecedented optical effect would provide new insights and paradigms for the development of luminescent materials to enlighten future information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Lun
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Fei Ni
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xu Zhang
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Jia
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Fu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
- Institute for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
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Nakamura S, Okubo K, Nishii Y, Hirano K, Tohnai N, Miura M. Stimuli-Responsive Properties on a Bisbenzofuropyrazine Core: Mechanochromism and Concentration-Controlled Vapochromism. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302605. [PMID: 37694960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive organic materials with luminescence switching properties have attracted considerable attention for their practical applications in sensing, security, and display devices. In this paper, bent-type bisbenzofuropyrazine derivatives, Bent-H and Bent-sBu, with good solubilities were synthesized, and their physical and optical properties were investigated in detail. Bent-H gave three crystalline polymorphs, and they showed different luminescence properties depending on their crystal packing structures. In addition, Bent-H exhibited mechanochromic luminescence in spite of its rigid skeleton. Bent-sBu exhibited unique concentration-dependent vapochromic luminescence. Ground Bent-sBu was converted to blue-emissive, green-emissive, and green-emissive high-viscosity solution states at low, moderate, and high concentrations of CHCl3 vapor, respectively. This finding represents a concentration-dependent multi-phase transition with an organic solvent, which is of potent interest for application in sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Okubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Li Y, Li G, Yang X, Miao J, Nie Y, Yang S, Liu W, Cui Y, Sun G. One stimulus-induced two-step photophysical response with high contrast and tunable switching time for dynamic displaying. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122622. [PMID: 36947939 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One stimulus-induced two-step photophysical response, especially with tunable switching time, is a great challenge for organic chromophores. Herein, a polymorphic material 2,7-DCF could undergo in situ two sequential dual-channel responses upon dichloromethane fuming. Both the appearance color and the fluorescence change from red to yellow to deep red with high contrast. The first step corresponds to a fast amorphous-to-crystalline transformation, while the second is a slow solid-state cocrystallization process. Based on single crystal structures and theoretical calculations, such distinct color changes are mainly attributed to conformation twisting and the electron coupling with incorporated solvent molecule through C-H⋅⋅⋅O interaction. Importantly, the second slow photophysical response could be drastically sped up by seeding strategy, or be totally inhibited. Such characteristics pave a way for the potential applications in dynamic anti-counterfeiting and data encryption. Based on the two-step transformation, polymorph 2,7-DCF-a could achieve a successive four-level response to external stimuli. In contrast, polymorph 2,7-DCF-d exhibits a stepwise hypsochromic fluorescence shift over 100 nm. This study would significantly promote the development of stimuli-sensitive systems from "one stimulus, one-step response" to "one stimulus, two or multi-step response".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Guoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jinling Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yong Nie
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shuaijun Yang
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yu Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, China.
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