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Shi X, Huang J, Wang X, Zheng H, Fang Y, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Huang B. Enhancing the Electrostatic Potential To Develop High-Performance Polymer Donors via a Ternary Copolymerization Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:24274-24282. [PMID: 40211455 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Ternary copolymerization has been proven to be an effective method to regulate the photovoltaic properties of polymer donors. However, terpolymers synthesized using the ternary copolymerization strategy inevitably disrupt the periodic sequence distribution of the polymer backbone, resulting in increased molecular disorder and heightened main-chain entropy. Herein, we developed two terpolymer donors by introducing an electron-deficient fused-ring skeleton unit BTP with a large dipole moment into the main chain of PM6 via ternary copolymerization. We found that the presence of BTP enables terpolymers to exhibit enhanced crystallinity and increased electrostatic potential, leading to excellent miscibility and more ordered molecular packing than PM6. As a result, the maximum PCE of 19.40% was achieved for the PY5:L8-BO-based device. Overall, this work introduces a novel approach for developing high-performance terpolymer donors by combining the third component with large dipole moments to restrain main-chain disorder and enhance the intermolecular interaction force between polymer donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Haokun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
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Robledo DAR, Kumagawa T, Ochiai M, Iwata H. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to assess killer whale (Orcinus orca) estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) transactivation potencies by DDTs and their risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 291:117761. [PMID: 39892322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Killer whales (Orcinus orca), as apex predators, accumulate high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its analogs (DDTs) and face their risks at the population level. The assessment of the function of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is crucial for evaluating impact of DDTs on killer whale endocrine and reproductive health. However, due to ethical constraints, little is known about the effects of DDTs on the function of killer whale ERα (kwERα). This study aimed to assess kwERα transactivation potencies in response to various DDTs (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDOH) by New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). We constructed an in vitro kwERα-expressed reporter gene assay and measured transactivation potencies of DDTs as the 10 % effective concentration (REC10) relative to the maximum response to 17β-estradiol exposure. We also employed in silico approaches such as molecular docking and protein-ligand network analysis (PLNA) to elucidate the interaction of kwERα protein and DDTs. The in vitro results revealed an estrogenic potency in the order of 17β-estradiol > o,p'-DDT > o,p'-DDE > o,p'-DDD > p,p'-DDD > p,p'-DDOH > p,p'-DDT > p,p'-DDE (no activity). Strong positive correlations were found between in vitro REC10 values and in silico docking scores, suggesting the structure-activity relationship of the estrogenic potencies of DDTs to kwERɑ. PLNA highlighted contribution of Glu353 and Phe404 in kwERα as essential residues to the interaction with DDTs. Risk assessments indicated that the o,p'-DDT-estrogenic equivalency quantities of DDTs in the blubber of both Irish and Canadian Arctic killer whales exceeded the in vitro REC10 of o,p'-DDT, suggesting a significant risk of kwERα-mediated endocrine disruption in these populations. These findings underscore the importance of NAMs including in vitro and in silico approaches for assessing the endocrine and reproductive risk in killer whales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahito Kumagawa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mari Ochiai
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
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Kim D, Tamilavan V, Huang CS, Lu Y, Yang E, Shin I, Yang HS, Park SH, Stranks SD, Lee BR. Reinforcing Bulk Heterojunction Morphology through Side Chain-Engineered Pyrrolopyrrole-1,3-dione Polymeric Donors for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2025; 8:1220-1229. [PMID: 39886452 PMCID: PMC11775866 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.4c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are attracting significant attention due to their low cost, lightweight, and flexible nature. The introduction of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has propelled OSC development into a transformative era. However, the limited availability of wide band gap polymer donors for NFAs poses a critical challenge, hindering further advancements. This study examines the role of developed wide band gap halogenated pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3(2H,5H)-dione (PPD)-based polymers, in combination with the Y6 nonfullerene acceptor, in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs. We first focus on the electronic and absorbance modifications brought about by halogen substitution in PPD-based polymers, revealing how these adjustments influence the HOMO/LUMO energy levels and, subsequently, photovoltaic performance. Despite the increased V oc of halogenated polymers due to the optimal band alignment, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) were decreased due to suboptimal blend morphologies. We second implemented PPD as a solid additive to PM6:Y6, forming ternary OSCs and further improving the PCE. The study provides a nuanced understanding of the interplay between molecular design, device morphology, and OSC performance and opens insights for future research to achieve an optimal balance between band alignment and favorable blend morphology for high-efficiency OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Kim
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chieh-Szu Huang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eunhye Yang
- Department
of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Insoo Shin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Hyun-Seock Yang
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Heum Park
- Department
of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Shen L, Shi J, Han W, Yu J, Yuan X, Gao H, Huang Y, Lv J, Wan C, Zhou P, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Wang B, Hu R, Yu F. Insights into small-molecule compound CY-158-11 antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2024; 9:e0064324. [PMID: 39311583 PMCID: PMC11520288 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00643-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, coupled with the diminishing supply of new antibiotics, emphasize the pressing necessity for the exploration of innovative antibacterial agents. Previously, we detailed the impact of the small-molecule compound CY-158-11 on S. aureus biofilm. By hindering adhesion and PIA-mediated biofilm formation, subinhibitory concentrations of CY-158-11 exhibit antibiofilm activity toward S. aureus. Here, we sought to elucidate the antibacterial activity and mode of action of this compound. Upon CY-158-11 treatment in culture, the inhibition of bacterial growth, coupled with MBC to MIC of >4, indicated that CY-158-11 exerted a bacteriostatic effect. Particularly, CY-158-11 showed strong antibacterial activity against a wide variety of S. aureus, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. We found that CY-158-11 promoted the permeability of cell membrane and propidium iodide absorption as well as caused the dissipation of membrane potential. The effect of CY-158-11 on the mammalian cytoplasmic membrane was measured using hemolytic and cytotoxicity assays, and the skin irritation and systemic toxicity of the drug were measured by injecting the compound into the skin and tail vein of mice. Moreover, CY-158-11 exhibited considerable efficacy in a subcutaneous abscess mouse model of S. aureus infection. In conclusion, CY-158-11 possesses antibacterial properties, including inhibition of bacterial growth, damage to cell membranes, and treatment of skin abscesses, which can be a promising therapeutic option for combating S. aureus. IMPORTANCE The combination of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance and the shrinking antibiotic pipeline has raised concern about the postantibiotic era. New antibacterial agents and targets are required to combat S. aureus-associated infections. In this study, we identified a maleimide-diselenide hybrid compound CY-158-11 exhibiting antibacterial activity against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo at relatively low concentrations. Furthermore, the investigation of its mode of action revealed that CY-158-11 can selectively perturb the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria without harming mammalian cells or mouse organs. Thus, CY-158-11 is a compelling novel drug for development as a new therapy for S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojin Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cailing Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Yang S, Quan J, Deng J, Wang J, Li Y, Tong Y, Wang Q, Chen L. Recent Advances of Benzodithiophene-Based Donor Materials for Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306854. [PMID: 37828639 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has increased dramatically, making a big step toward the industrial application of OSCs. Among numerous OSCs, benzodithiophene (BDT)-based OSCs stand out in achieving efficient PCE. Notably, single-junction OSCs using BDT-based polymers as donor materials have completed a PCE of over 19%, indicating a dramatic potential for preparing high-performance large-scale OSCs. This paper reviews the recent progress of OSCs based on BDT polymer donor materials (PDMs). The development of BDT-based OSCs is concisely summarized. Meanwhile, the relationship between the structure of PDMs and the performance of OSCs is further described in this review. Besides, the development and prospect of single junction OSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jianwei Quan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Jiawei Deng
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yubing Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yongfen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Quinoxaline-based Polymers with Asymmetric Aromatic Side Chain Enables 16.27% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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