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Wang Y, Zhu W, Chen X, Yang X, Tong A, Yang S, Wu J, Sun W. Bulk and surface defect manipulation of the ZnO ETL for all-inorganic CsPbBr 3 perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2025; 17:12299-12309. [PMID: 40272062 DOI: 10.1039/d5nr00315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
The electron transport layer (ETL) in traditional CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without a hole transport layer (HTL) presents the capability to transport electrons and block hole transport, which radically affects the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. However, ZnO ETL prepared using the classic sol-gel method exhibits obvious drawbacks, such as serious interfacial recombination reactions, inducement of oxygen vacancies (VO) and zinc interstitials (Zni). Herein, we demonstrate that alkali metal chloride (e.g. KCl), serving as the passivating agent for the surface and bulk phase, can promote surface modification and doping in the ZnO ETL, respectively. Experimental results show that the interaction between K+ and Zn2+, and the occupation of VO by Cl-, suppresses the internal defect states of the ZnO films, which enhances the crystal coordination between ZnO and CsPbBr3 and improves the film morphology and the quality of the upper perovskite (PVK) films. Experimental PSCs based on the doping approach achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.22%, which ranks the highest PCE of the (FTO/ITO)/ZnO/CsPbBr3/carbon structure. Moreover, the unpackaged devices of the two experimental PSCs could maintain 97.15% and 74.76% of the original PCE after being exposed for 28 days in the ambient environment, demonstrating the powerful effect of KCl on the regulation of surface and bulk phase defects in the ZnO ETL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xuanheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xiantao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Anling Tong
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Sheng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Fujian Engineering Research Center of Green Functional Materials; Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Cheng J, Gui Z, Jiang Y, Wang J, Dong J. Methanol as an anti-solvent to improve the low open-circuit voltage of CsPbBr 3 perovskite solar cells prepared with water. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5180-5191. [PMID: 38381054 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
CsPbBr3 has received more and more attention in the field of optoelectronic devices due to its excellent stability. To address the cost and environmental concerns associated with the use of toxic methanol, water has been explored as a substitute solvent for CsBr in the preparation of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we utilized methanol as an anti-solvent of the CsBr/H2O solution to regulate the detrimental effects of water on the CsPbBr3 film and control the crystallization process. From results of the experiment, it was found that methanol anti-solvent treatment greatly improved the crystallization of the CsPbBr3 film, increased the grain size, and reduced the defect density. After the introduction of methanol anti-solvent treatment, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 6.09% to 7.91%, while the open-circuit voltage (Voc) increased from 1.18 V to 1.39 V. Furthermore, we incorporated 2-hydroxyethylurea into the CsPbBr3 PSCs to improve the wettability of PbBr2 towards the CsBr/H2O solution and ensure the formation of pure-phase CsPbBr3 films. The introduction of 2-hydroxyethylurea resulted in an additional increase in Voc from 1.19 V to 1.42 V. The PCE further improved from 6.56% to 8.62% after methanol anti-solvent treatment. These results demonstrate that methanol treatment effectively addresses the low Voc issue observed in CsPbBr3 PSCs prepared with water as a solvent. Importantly, this approach significantly reduces the reliance on methanol compared to conventional fabrication methods for CsPbBr3 PSCs. Overall, this work presents a promising pathway for achieving high Voc and efficiency in CsPbBr3 PSCs by utilizing water as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Cheng
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhisheng Gui
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yufan Jiang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiaming Wang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jingjing Dong
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Shen X, Wang Z, Chen L, Wei J, Ouyang Q. Enhanced Photoelectric Properties of CsPbBr 3 by SiO 2 and TiO 2 Bilayer Heterostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2719-2728. [PMID: 38277777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
CsPbBr3/SiO2 heterostructures were synthesized by the hydrolysis reaction of a mixture of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) in air. Compared with CsPbBr3 NCs, the CsPbBr3/SiO2 heterostructures exhibit stronger photoluminescence (PL) intensity, longer lifetime of PL (∼40.5 ns), and higher PL-quantum yield (PLQY, ∼86%). The carrier dynamics of CsPbBr3/SiO2 was detected by the transient absorption (TA) spectrum. The experimental results show that SiO2 passivates the surface traps of CsPbBr3 NCs and enhances the PL intensity. However, photoelectrochemical impedance spectra (PEIS) demonstrate that the impedance of CsPbBr3/SiO2 is higher than that of CsPbBr3 NCs, which reduces carrier transport and extraction. Because the application of CsPbBr3/SiO2 in optoelectronics is limited, CsPbBr3/SiO2/TiO2 heterostructures were synthesized by the further reaction of tetrabutyl titanate (TBT). The TiO2 coating can reduce the impedance of the CsPbBr3/SiO2. Importantly, ∼68% of the PL intensity of CsPbBr3/SiO2 is retained. Compared with CsPbBr3/SiO2 and CsPbBr3 NCs, the CsPbBr3/SiO2/TiO2 demonstrates faster carrier transport (κct = 2.4 × 109 s-1) and higher photocurrent density (J = 76 nA cm-2). In addition, CsPbBr3/SiO2/TiO2 shows good stability under (ultraviolet) UV irradiation, along with water stability and thermal stability. Therefore, the double protection approach can enhance the stability of CsPbBr3 NCs and tune the optoelectronic properties of CsPbBr3 NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiuyun Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices Physics for Oceanic Applications, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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Han J, Zhao S, Liu X, Wang Z, Yan H, Lin H. Robust and Efficient Carbon-Based Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with a CsPbBr 3-MoS 2 Hybrid Absorber. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55895-55902. [PMID: 37989257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Optical response improvement and hole transport/extraction enhancement are critical to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) with an absorber of CsPbBr3. In this study, a multifunctional optimization method by embedding MoS2 nanosheets in CsPbBr3 bulk to construct a perovskite-nanosheet hybrid structure was presented. A CsPbBr3-MoS2 hybrid film was fabricated by two-step spin-coating the precursor solutions of PbBr2 and CsBr-MoS2 under an ambient atmosphere, where the aqueous solution with highly distributed MoS2 nanosheets was applied as a solvent of the hybrid precursor solution. MoS2 nanosheets were utilized as a p-type modifier and extra absorber to hybridize with CsPbBr3 for improving the CsPbBr3-carbon interface and light absorption ability of the perovskite layer. As expected, the optical response ability, absorber film quality, and carrier separation/extraction/transport properties of C-PSCs were enhanced significantly by embedding MoS2 nanosheets in CsPbBr3 film, which resulted in enhanced C-PSCs properties. Finally, the C-PSCs with the structure of FTO/SnO2/CsPbBr3-MoS2/C presented a champion PCE of 7.87% (active area: 1 cm2), which demonstrated excellent ambient and operational stability. This study provides an efficient method for constructing ultrastable C-PSCs by hybridizing perovskite and nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Han
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Xuanling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zengyi Wang
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Huiyu Yan
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhang H, Xiang W, Zuo X, Gu X, Zhang S, Du Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wu H, Wang P, Cui Q, Su H, Tian Q, Liu SF. Fluorine-Containing Passivation Layer via Surface Chelation for Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216634. [PMID: 36480237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Minimizing surface defect is vital to further improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed a passivator trifluoroacetamidine (TFA) to suppress CsPbI3-x Brx film defects. The amidine group of TFA can strongly chelate onto the perovskite surface to suppress the iodide vacancy, strengthened by additional hydrogen bonds. Moreover, three fluorine atoms allow strong intermolecular connection via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus constructing a robust shield against moisture. The TFA-treated PSCs exhibit remarkably suppressed recombination, yielding the record PCEs of 21.35 % and 17.21 % for 0.09 cm2 and 1.0 cm2 device areas, both of which are the highest for all-inorganic PSCs so far. The device also achieves a PCE of 39.78 % under indoor illumination, the highest for all-inorganic indoor photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, TFA greatly improves device ambient stability by preserving 93 % of the initial PCE after 960 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wanchun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yachao Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhiteng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, East Road, North Third Ring, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Peijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qingyue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hang Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
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