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Liang N, Liu G, Hu D, Wang K, Li Y, Zhai T, Zhang X, Shuai Z, Yan H, Hou J, Wang Z. Heavy-Atom-Free Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Rylene Imide for High-Performing Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103975. [PMID: 34813181 PMCID: PMC8787389 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic phosphorescence, originating from triplet excitons, has potential for the development of new generation of organic optoelectronic materials. Herein, two heavy-atom-free room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) electron acceptors with inherent long lifetime triplet exctions are first reported. These two 3D-fully conjugated rigid perylene imide (PDI) multimers, as the best nonfullerene wide-bandgap electron acceptors, exhibit a significantly elevated T1 of ≈2.1 eV with a room-temperature phosphorescent emission (τ = 66 µs) and a minimized singlet-triplet splitting as low as ≈0.13 eV. The huge spatial congestion between adjacent PDI skeleton endows them with significantly modified electronic characteristics of S1 and T1 . This feature, plus with the fully-conjugated rigid molecular configuration, balances the intersystem crossing rate and fluorescence/phosphorescence rates, and therefore, elevating ET1 to ≈2.1 from 1.2 eV for PDI monomer. Meanwhile, the highly delocalized feature enables the triplet charge-transfer excitons at donor-acceptor interface effectively dissociate into free charges, endowing the RTP electron acceptor based organic solar cells (OSCs) with a high internal quantum efficiency of 84% and excellent charge collection capability of 94%. This study introduces an alternative strategy for designing PDI derivatives with high-triplet state-energy and provides revelatory insights into the fundamental electronic characteristics, photophysical mechanism, and photo-to-current generation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liang
- College of Physics and OptoelectronicsFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124P. R. China
| | - Guogang Liu
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Deping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical InformationMinistry of EducationSchool of ScienceBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and OptoelectronicsFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124P. R. China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- College of Physics and OptoelectronicsFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Energy InstituteHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077Hong Kong
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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2
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Aivali S, Anastasopoulos C, Andreopoulou AK, Pipertzis A, Floudas G, Kallitsis JK. A "Rigid-Flexible" Approach for Processable Perylene Diimide-Based Polymers: Influence of the Specific Architecture on the Morphological, Dielectric, Optical, and Electronic Properties. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5079-5090. [PMID: 32459484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation-break flexible spacers in-between π-conjugated segments were utilized herein toward processable perylene diimide (PDI)-based polymers. Aromatic-aliphatic PDI-based polymers were developed via the two-phase polyetherification of a phenol-difunctional PDI monomer and aliphatic dibromides. These polyethers showed excellent solubility and film-forming ability and deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels (-4.0 to -3.85 eV), indicating the preservation of good electron-accepting character or characteristics, despite the non-conjugated segments. Their thermodynamic properties, local dynamics, and ionic conductivity demonstrate the suppression of PDI's inherent tendency for aggregation and crystallization, suggesting PDI-polyethers as versatile candidates for organic electronic applications. Their dynamics investigation using dielectric spectroscopy revealed weak dipole moments arising from the distortion of the planar perylene cores. Blends of the PDI-polyethers (as electron acceptors) with P3HT (as a potential electron donor component) showed UV-vis absorbances from 350 to 650 nm and a tendency of the PDI-polyethers to intertwine with rr-P3HT and restrain its high crystallization tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini K Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, German
| | - Joannis K Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
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3
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Keivanidis PE, Itskos G, Kan Z, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Goudarzi H, Kamm V, Laquai F, Zhang W, Brabec C, Floudas G, McCulloch I. Afterglow Effects as a Tool to Screen Emissive Nongeminate Charge Recombination Processes in Organic Photovoltaic Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2695-2707. [PMID: 31854965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling temporally overlapping charge carrier recombination events in organic bulk heterojunctions by optical spectroscopy is challenging. Here, a new methodology for employing delayed luminescence spectroscopy is presented. The proposed method is capable of distinguishing between recombination of spatially separated charge carriers and trap-assisted charge recombination simply by monitoring the delayed luminescence (afterglow) of bulk heterojunctions with a quasi time-integrated detection scheme. Applied on the model composite of the donor poly(6,12-dihydro-6,6,12,12-tetraoctyl-indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PIF8BT) polymer and the acceptor ethyl-propyl perylene diimide (PDI) derivative, that is, PIF8BT:PDI, the luminescence of charge-transfer (CT) states created by nongeminate charge recombination on the ns to μs timescale is observed. Fluence-dependent, quasi time-integrated detection of the CT luminescence monitors exclusively emissive charge recombination events, while rejecting the contribution of other early-time emissive processes. Trap-assisted and bimolecular charge recombination channels are identified based on their distinct dependence on fluence. The importance of the two recombination channels is correlated with the layer's order and electrical properties of the corresponding devices. Four different microstructures of the PIF8BT:PDI composite obtained by thermal annealing are investigated. Thermal annealing of PIF8BT:PDI shrinks the PDI domains in parallel with the growth of the PIF8BT domains in the blend. Common to all states studied, the delayed CT luminescence signal is dominated by trap-assisted recombination. Yet, the minor fraction of fully separated charge recombination in the overall CT emission increases as the difference in the size of the donor and acceptor domains in the PIF8BT:PDI blend becomes larger. Electric field-induced quenching measurements on complete PIF8BT:PDI devices confirm quantitatively the dominance of emissive trap-limited charge recombination and demonstrates that only 40% of the PIF8BT/PDI CT luminescence comes from the recombination of fully-separated charges, taking place within 200 ns after photoexcitation. The method is applicable to other nonfullerene acceptor blends beyond the system discussed here, if their CT state luminescence can be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis E Keivanidis
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering , Cyprus University of Technology , Limassol 3041 , Cyprus
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Pascoli 70/3 , Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Grigorios Itskos
- Department of Physics, Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory , University of Cyprus , Nicosia 1678 , Cyprus
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Pascoli 70/3 , Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Pascoli 70/3 , Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Pascoli 70/3 , Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Valentin Kamm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , Mainz D-55128 , Germany
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Zhang
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstraße 7 , Erlangen 91058 , Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) , Haberstrasse 2a , Erlangen 91058 , Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , Mainz D-55128 , Germany
- Department of Physics , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 451 10 , Greece
| | - Iain McCulloch
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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Xue Z, Chen S, Xue Y, Watson OA, Zang L. Electrochemical Study of Structure Tunable Perylene Diimides and The Nanofibers Deposited on Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12009-12016. [PMID: 31433938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of organic conjugated semiconductors and their bulk materials is a considerable and irreplaceable parameter to maintain their diverse electronic or optoelectronic applications. In this paper, a series of n-type symmetrical perylene diimide derivatives (PTCDIs) with substituents (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), cyclohexane, acetic acid, or propionic acid) at located the nitrogens imide position were synthesized, and their solubility, optical features, thermal stability, as well as solution-phase interfacial self-assembly into one-dimensional (1D) nanofibers and related morphology were discussed in detail. Moreover, a simple but effective method, in situ deposition following in situ self-assembly, was developed to construct uniform electrodes over a large area coated with networked PTCDI nanofibers. Then the electrochemical properties of the PTCDI nanofibers were researched in comparison with their molecules. The excellent variability at molecular or nanoscale morphological level will provide an interesting insight into the research of PTCDIs in a wide range applications of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Xue
- School of Pharmacy , Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang 330013 , Jiangxi China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy , Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang 330013 , Jiangxi China
- Nano Institute of Utah and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Utah , Salt Lake City 84112 , Utah United States
| | - Yu Xue
- School of Pharmacy , Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University , Nanchang 330013 , Jiangxi China
| | - Olivia Anielle Watson
- Nano Institute of Utah and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Utah , Salt Lake City 84112 , Utah United States
| | - Ling Zang
- Nano Institute of Utah and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Utah , Salt Lake City 84112 , Utah United States
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Singh R, Shin S, Lee H, Kim M, Shim JW, Cho K, Lee J. Ternary Blend Strategy for Achieving High‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaic Devices for Indoor Applications. Chemistry 2019; 25:6154-6161. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranbir Singh
- Department of Energy & Materials EngineeringResearch Center for PhotoenergyHarvesting & Conversion Technology (phct)Dongguk University Seoul 100-715 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Chul Shin
- Division of Electronics and Electrical EngineeringDongguk University Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of, Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of, Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical EngineeringDongguk University Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of, Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Joon Lee
- Department of Energy & Materials EngineeringResearch Center for PhotoenergyHarvesting & Conversion Technology (phct)Dongguk University Seoul 100-715 Republic of Korea
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6
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Singh R, Suranagi SR, Lee J, Lee H, Kim M, Cho K. Unraveling the efficiency-limiting morphological issues of the perylene diimide-based non-fullerene organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2849. [PMID: 29434237 PMCID: PMC5809366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a comparative morphological analysis of the perylene diimide (PDI)- and fullerene-based organic solar cells (OSCs) to identify the factors responsible for low performance of PDI-based devices. A PDI derivative, bis-PDI, and a fullerene derivative, PC70BM, are mixed with an efficient polymer donor, PffBT4T-2OD. The large disparity in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs composed of PffBT4T-2OD:bis-PDI (PCE = 5.18%) and PffBT4T-2OD:PC70BM (PCE = 10.19%) observed are attributed to differences in the nanostructural motif of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphologies of these blend systems. The X-ray scattering and surface energy characterizations revealed that the structurally dissimilar bis-PDI and PC70BM molecules determine the variation in blend film morphologies, and in particular, the molecular packing features of the donor PffBT4T-2OD polymer. In addition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images explore the BHJ morphologies and presence of longer polymer fibrils in PffBT4T-2OD:bis-PDI system, justifying the unbalanced charge transport and high hole mobility. The low performance of PffBT4T-2OD:bis-PDI devices was further investigated by studying charge carrier recombination dynamics by using light-intensity-dependent and transient photovoltage (TPV) experiments. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent experiments showed the photovoltaic properties, including charge recombination losses, are strongly affected by energetic disorder present in bis-PDI-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranbir Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sanjaykumar R Suranagi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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7
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Sun Y, Li Z. In situ polymerization of supramolecular nanorods assembled from polymerizable perylene bisimide. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimethacryl amide functionalized perylene bisimide monomer was synthesized, in-situ free radical polymerization was then performed in the organized state to maintain the assembly structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- China
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
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Kennehan ER, Grieco C, Brigeman AN, Doucette GS, Rimshaw A, Bisgaier K, Giebink NC, Asbury JB. Using molecular vibrations to probe exciton delocalization in films of perylene diimides with ultrafast mid-IR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24829-24839. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04819j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy provides a direct comparison exciton delocalization in crystalline perylenediimides that informs their use in organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Kennehan
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
| | - Christopher Grieco
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
| | - Alyssa N. Brigeman
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
| | - Grayson S. Doucette
- Intercollege Materials Science and Engineering Program
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
| | - Adam Rimshaw
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
| | - Kayla Bisgaier
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
| | - Noel C. Giebink
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
| | - John B. Asbury
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- PA 16802
- USA
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Wei W, Liu D, Wei Z, Zhu Y. Short-Range π–π Stacking Assembly on P25 TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
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Stoltzfus DM, Donaghey JE, Armin A, Shaw PE, Burn PL, Meredith P. Charge Generation Pathways in Organic Solar Cells: Assessing the Contribution from the Electron Acceptor. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12920-12955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani M. Stoltzfus
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jenny E. Donaghey
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Paul E. Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Paul L. Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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