1
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Kilbride RC, Spooner ELK, Burg SL, Oliveira BL, Charas A, Bernardo G, Dalgliesh R, King S, Lidzey DG, Jones RAL, Parnell AJ. The Nanoscale Structure and Stability of Organic Photovoltaic Blends Processed with Solvent Additives. Small 2024:e2311109. [PMID: 38597752 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the nanomorphology in bulk heterojunction photoactive blends is crucial for optimizing the performance and stability of organic photovoltaic (OPV) technologies. A promising approach is to alter the drying dynamics and consequently, the nanostructure of the blend film using solvent additives such as 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO). Although this approach is demonstrated extensively for OPV systems incorporating fullerene-based acceptors, it is unclear how solvent additive processing influences the morphology and stability of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) systems. Here, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to probe the nanomorphology of two model OPV systems processed with DIO: a fullerene-based system (PBDB-T:PC71BM) and an NFA-based system (PBDB-T:ITIC). To overcome the low intrinsic neutron scattering length density contrast in polymer:NFA blend films, the synthesis of a deuterated NFA analog (ITIC-d52) is reported. Using SANS, new insights into the nanoscale evolution of fullerene and NFA-based systems are provided by characterizing films immediately after fabrication, after thermal annealing, and after aging for 1 year. It is found that DIO processing influences fullerene and NFA-based systems differently with NFA-based systems characterized by more phase-separated domains. After long-term aging, SANS reveals both systems demonstrate some level of thermodynamic induced domain coarsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Kilbride
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L K Spooner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- The Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie L Burg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Bárbara L Oliveira
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, P-1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ana Charas
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, P-1049-001, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Bernardo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Robert Dalgliesh
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Spallation Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen King
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Spallation Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A L Jones
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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2
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Samir M, Moustafa E, Almora O, Ramírez-Como M, Montero-Rama MP, Sánchez JG, Palomares E, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. CPE-Na-Based Hole Transport Layers for Improving the Stability in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16317-16327. [PMID: 38526453 PMCID: PMC10995908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have experienced significant development in the last decades after the introduction of nonfullerene acceptor molecules with top power conversion efficiencies reported over 19% and considerable versatility, for example, with application in transparent/semitransparent and flexible photovoltaics. Yet, the optimization of the operational stability continues to be a challenge. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the use of a conjugated polyelectrolyte polymer (CPE-Na) as a hole layer (HTL) to improve the performance and longevity of OPV cells. Two different fabrication approaches were adopted: integrating CPE-Na with PEDOT:PSS to create a composite HTL and using CPE-Na as a stand-alone bilayer deposited beneath PEDOT:PSS on the ITO substrate. These configurations were compared against a reference device employing PEDOT:PSS alone, as the HTL increased efficiency and fill factor. The instruments with CPE-Na also demonstrated increased stability in the dark and under simulated operational conditions. Device-based PEDOT:PSS as an HTL reached T80 after 2500 h while involving CPE-Na in the device kept at T90 in the same period, evidenced by a reduced degradation rate. Furthermore, the impedance spectroscopy and photoinduced transient methods suggest optimized charge transfer and reduced charge carrier recombination. These findings collectively highlight the potential of CPE-Na as a HTL optimizer material for nonfluorine OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Enas Moustafa
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Science
and Engineering of Renewable Energy Department, Faculty of Postgraduate
Studies for Advanced Science, Beni Suef
University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Osbel Almora
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Magaly Ramírez-Como
- Sección
de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, UPIITA Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Maria Pilar Montero-Rama
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-CERCA (ICIQ-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-CERCA (ICIQ-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Institución
Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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3
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Ahmadpour M, Ahmad M, Prete M, Hansen JL, Miakota DI, Greenbank W, Zheng YJ, Top M, Ebel T, Rubahn HG, Turkovic V, Canulescu S, Witkowski N, Madsen M. Tuning Surface Defect States in Sputtered Titanium Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Enhanced Stability of Organic Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16580-16588. [PMID: 38529895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have dramatically improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPV) in recent years; however, their device stability currently remains a bottleneck for further technological progress. Photocatalytic decomposition of nonfullerene acceptor molecules at metal oxide electron transport layer (ETL) interfaces has in several recent reports been demonstrated as one of the main degradation mechanisms for these high-performing OPV devices. While some routes for mitigating such degradation effects have been proposed, e.g., through a second layer integrated on the ETL surface, no clear strategy that complies with device scale-up and application requirements has been presented to date. In this work, it is demonstrated that the development of sputtered titanium oxide layers as ETLs in nonfullerene acceptor based OPV can lead to significantly enhanced device lifetimes. This is achieved by tuning the concentration of defect states at the oxide surface, via the reactive sputtering process, to mitigate the photocatalytic decomposition of NFA molecules at the metal oxide interlayers. Reduced defect state formation at the oxide surface is confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, while the reduced photocatalytic decomposition of nonfullerene acceptor molecules is confirmed via optical spectroscopy investigations. The PBDB-T:ITIC organic solar cells show power conversion efficiencies of around 10% and significantly enhanced photostability. This is achieved through a reactive sputtering process that is fully scalable and industry compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Ahmadpour
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Michela Prete
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - John Lundsgaard Hansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNano), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Denys I Miakota
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - William Greenbank
- Centre for Industrial Electronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Yunlin Jacques Zheng
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Michiel Top
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Winterbergstrasse 28, Dresden 01277, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebel
- Centre for Industrial Electronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- University of Southern Denmark, SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Stela Canulescu
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Nadine Witkowski
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Morten Madsen
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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4
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Peng J, Meng F, Cheng J, Lai X, Du M, Huang M, Zhang J, He F, Zhou E, Zhao D, Zhao B. Noncovalent Interaction Boosts Performance and Stability of Organic Solar Cells Based on Giant-Molecule Acceptors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7317-7326. [PMID: 38305907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Designing giant-molecule acceptors is deemed as an up-and-coming strategy to construct stable organic solar cells (OSCs) with high performance. Herein, two giant dimeric acceptors, namely, DYV and DYFV, have been designed and synthesized by linking two Y-series derivatives with a vinyl unit. DYFV exhibits more red-shifted absorption, down-shifted energy levels, and enhanced intermolecular packing than DYV because the intramolecular noncovalent interaction (H···F) of DYFV leads to better coplanarity of the backbone. The D18:DYFV film owns a distinct nanofibrous nanophase separation structure, a more dominant face-on orientation, and more balanced carrier mobilities. Therefore, the D18:DYFV OSC achieves a higher photoelectron conversion efficiency of 17.88% and a longer-term stability with a t80 over 45,000 h compared with the D18:DYV device. The study demonstrates that the intramolecular noncovalent interaction is a superior strategy to design giant-molecule acceptors and boost the photovoltaic performance and stability of the OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengzhen Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meihua Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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5
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Ahmad M, Cruguel H, Ahmadpour M, Vannucchi N, Samie NM, Leuillet C, Generalov A, Li Z, Madsen M, Witkowski N. Uncovering the Electronic State Interplay at Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layer/Nonfullerene Acceptor Interfaces in Stable Organic Photovoltaic Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:55065-55072. [PMID: 37972316 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of sputter-deposited TiOx as an electron transport layer in nonfullerene acceptor-based organic photovoltaics has been shown to significantly increase the long-term stability of devices compared to conventional solution-processed ZnO due to a decreased photocatalytic activity of the sputtered TiOx. In this work, we utilize synchrotron-based photoemission and absorption spectroscopies to investigate the interface between the electron transport layer, TiOx prepared by magnetron sputtering, and the nonfullerene acceptor, ITIC, prepared in situ by spray deposition to study the electronic state interplay and defect states at this interface. This is used to unveil the mechanisms behind the decreased photocatalytic activity of the sputter-deposited TiOx and thus also the increased stability of the organic solar cell devices. The results have been compared to similar measurements on anatase TiOx since anatase TiOx is known to have a strong photocatalytic activity. We show that the deposition of ITIC on top of the sputter-deposited TiOx results in an oxidation of Ti3+ species in the TiOx and leads to the emergence of a new O 1s peak that can be attributed to the oxygen in ITIC. In addition, increasing the thickness of ITIC on TiOx leads to a shift in the O 1s and C 1s core levels toward higher binding energies, which is consistent with electron transfer at the interface. Resonant photoemission at the Ti L-edge shows that oxygen vacancies in sputtered TiOx lie mostly in the surface region, which contrasts the anatase TiOx where an equal distribution between surface and subsurface oxygen vacancies is observed. Furthermore, it is shown that the subsurface oxygen vacancies in sputtered TiOx are strongly reduced after ITIC deposition, which can reduce the photocatalytic activity of the oxide, while the oxygen vacancies in model anatase TiOx are not affected upon ITIC deposition. This difference can explain the inferior photocatalytic activity of the sputter-deposited TiOx and thus also the increased stability of devices with sputter-deposited TiOx used as an electron transport layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmad
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Hervé Cruguel
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Mehrad Ahmadpour
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Noemi Vannucchi
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala 752 36,Sweden
| | - Nahed Mohammad Samie
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Céline Leuillet
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | | | - Zheshen Li
- ISA, Centre for Storage Ring Facilities, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Bldg. 1520, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Morten Madsen
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Nadine Witkowski
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
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Tang A, Cong P, Dai T, Wang Z, Zhou E. A 2 -A 1 -D-A 1 -A 2 -Type Nonfullerene Acceptors. Adv Mater 2023:e2300175. [PMID: 37907430 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The A2 -A1 -D-A1 -A2 -type molecules consist of one electron-donating (D) core flanked by two electron-accepting units (A1 and A2 ) and have emerged as an essential branch of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). These molecules generally possess higher molecular energy levels and wider optical bandgaps compared with those of the classic A-D-A- and A-DA'D-A-type NFAs, owing to the attenuated intramolecular charge transfer effect. These characteristics make them compelling choices for the fabrication of high-voltage organic photovoltaics (OPVs), ternary OPVs, and indoor OPVs. Herein, the recent progress in the A2 -A1 -D-A1 -A2 -type NFAs are reviewed, including the molecular engineering, structure-property relationships, voltage loss (Vloss ), device stability, and photovoltaic performance of binary, ternary, and indoor OPVs. Finally, the challenges and provided prospects are discussed for the further development of this type of NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zongtao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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7
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Taouali W, Alimi K, Sindhoo Nangraj A, Casida ME. Density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT study of the chemical and physical origins of key photoproperties of end-group derivatives of a nonfullerene acceptor molecule for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2130-2148. [PMID: 37452478 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As emphasized in a recent review article (Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 14180), organic solar cell (OSC) photoconversion efficiency has been rapidly evolving with results increasingly comparable to those of traditional inorganic solar cells. Historically, OSC performance improvement focused first on the morphology of P3HT:PC 61 BM solar cells then went through different stages to shift lately interest towards nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) as a replacement ofPC 61 BM acceptor (ACC) molecule. Here, we use density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT to investigate four novel NFAs of A-D-A (acceptor-donor-acceptor) form derived from the recently synthesized IDIC-4Cl (Dyes Pigm. 2019, 166, 196). Our level of theory is carefully evaluated for IDIC-4Cl and then applied to the four novel NFAs in order to understand how chemical modifications lead to physical changes in cyclic voltammetry (CV) frontier molecular orbital energies and absorption spectra in solution. Finally we design and apply a new type of Scharber plot for NFAs based upon some simple but we think reasonable assumptions. Unlike the original Scharber plots where a larger DON band gap favors a larger PCE, our modified Scharber plot reflects the fact that a smaller ACC band gap may favor PCE by filling in gaps in the DON acceptor spectrum. We predict that only the candidate molecule with the least good acceptor A, with the highest frontier molecular orbital energies, and one of the larger CV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) - highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO) gaps, will yield a PM6:ACC PCE exceeding that of the parent IDIC-4Cl ACC. This candidate also shows the largest oscillator strength for the primary1 (HOMO, LUMO) charge- transfer transition and the largest degree of delocalization of charge transfer of any of the ACC molecules investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Taouali
- Laboratoire de Recherche (LR18ES19), Synthèse Asymétrique et Ingénierie Moléculaire de Matériaux Organiques pour l'Électroniques Organiques, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Alimi
- Laboratoire de Recherche (LR18ES19), Synthèse Asymétrique et Ingénierie Moléculaire de Matériaux Organiques pour l'Électroniques Organiques, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physicochimique (INRAP) pole technologique Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Asma Sindhoo Nangraj
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark E Casida
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie, Interactions et Chimie théorique (SITh), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM, UMR CNRS/UGA 5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble (ICMG, FR2607), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
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8
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Chang M, Zhang C, Li N, Wang C, Sui D, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Meng L. Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency Approaching 15% by Fine-Selecting the Third Component. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300350. [PMID: 37535659 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors with mediate bandgap play a crucial role in ternary devices as the third component, further boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three F-series acceptors (F-H, F-Cl, and F-2Cl) with mediate bandgap are selected and introduced into the PM6:BDT-Br binary system as third component to find the detailed influence of end groups with chlorine (Cl) atom substitution on the performance of ternary organic solar cells. Due to the increased substitution of Cl atoms on the end groups, F-Cl and F-2Cl as guest acceptors reveal a superior ability to regulate the morphology of blend films, contributing to the ordered packing properties and high crystallinity. As a result, F-Cl and F-2Cl based ternary OSCs achieve significantly improved PCEs of 13.89% and 14.67%, respectively, compared with the binary devices (12.70%). On the contrary, F-H without Cl atom displays a poor compatibility with the host system, resulting in an inferior ternary device with a low PCE of 10.79%. This work indicates that F-series acceptors with mediate bandgap are a promising class of third component for high-performance ternary OSCs. And introducing more Cl atoms substitution on the end groups, especially F-2Cl, will own a broad applicability for other binary devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Chang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Dong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Yinxia Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 4710023, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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9
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Park SY, Labanti C, Pacalaj RA, Lee TH, Dong Y, Chin YC, Luke J, Ryu G, Minami D, Yun S, Park JI, Fang F, Park KB, Durrant JR, Kim JS. The State-of-the-Art Solution-Processed Single Component Organic Photodetectors Achieved by Strong Quenching of Intermolecular Emissive State and High Quadrupole Moment in Non-Fullerene Acceptors. Adv Mater 2023:e2306655. [PMID: 37670609 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) blend is commonly used as the photoactive layer in organic photodetectors (OPDs) to utilize the donor (D)/acceptor (A) interfacial energetic offset for exciton dissociation. However, this strategy often complicates optimization procedures, raising serious concerns over device processability, reproducibility, and stability. Herein, highly efficient OPDs fabricated with single-component organic semiconductors are demonstrated via solution-processing. The non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with strong intrinsic D/A character are used as the photoactive layer, where the emissive intermolecular charge transfer excitonic (CTE) states are formed within <1 ps, and efficient photocurrent generation is achieved via strong quenching of these CTE states by reverse bias. Y6 and IT-4F-based OPDs show excellent OPD performances, low dark current density (≈10-9 A cm-2 ), high responsivity (≥0.15 A W-1 ), high specific detectivity (>1012 Jones), and fast photo-response time (<10 µs), comparable to the state-of-the-art BHJ OPDs. Together with strong CTE state quenching by electric field, these excellent OPD performances are also attributed to the high quadrupole moments of NFA molecules, which can lead to large interfacial energetic offset for efficient CTE dissociation. This work opens a new way to realize efficient OPDs using single-component systems via solution-processing and provides important molecular design rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Park
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chiara Labanti
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard A Pacalaj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Tack Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, 46241, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yi-Chun Chin
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joel Luke
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gihan Ryu
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daiki Minami
- CSE team, Innovation Center, Samsung Electronics, Co. Ltd., 1 Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Yun
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Park
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Feifei Fang
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bae Park
- Organic Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- SPECIFIC IKC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 7AX, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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10
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Zhang Y, Yuan S, Zhang C, Ding C, Zhang C, Xu H. Mitigating the Trade-Off between Non-Radiative Recombination and Charge Transport to Enable Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5620. [PMID: 37629911 PMCID: PMC10456567 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted intensive studies due to their promising potential for attaining high-performing photovoltaics, whereas there has been an opening challenge in minimizing the open circuit voltage (Voc) loss while retaining the optimal carrier extraction in the multiple mixture absorbers. Here, we systemically investigate a ternary absorber comprised of two acceptors and a donor, in which the resultant Voc and fill factor are varied and determined by the ratios of acceptor components as a result of the unbalance of non-radiative recombination rates and charge transport. The transient absorption spectroscopy and electroluminescence techniques verify two distinguishable charge-transfer (CT) states in the ternary absorber, and the mismatch of non-radiative recombination rates of those two CT states is demonstrated to be associated with the Voc deficit, whilst the high-emissive acceptor molecule delivers inferior electron mobility, resulting in poor charge transport and a subpar fill factor. These findings enable us to optimize the mixture configuration for attaining the maximal-performing devices. Our results not only provide insight into maximizing the photovoltage of organic solar cells but can also motivate researchers to further unravel the photophysical mechanisms underlying the intermolecular electronic states of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China;
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; (C.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Congyang Zhang
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; (C.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Chenfeng Ding
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; (C.Z.); (C.D.)
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, China;
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11
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Mohapatra AA, Pranav M, Yadav S, Gangadharappa C, Wu J, Labanti C, Wolansky J, Benduhn J, Kim JS, Durrant J, Patil S. Interface Engineering in Perylene Diimide-Based Organic Photovoltaics with Enhanced Photovoltage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37191283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of nonfullerene acceptors (NFA) facilitated the realization of high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs); however, OSCs suffer from relatively large losses in open-circuit voltage (VOC) as compared to inorganic or perovskite solar cells. Further enhancement in power conversion efficiency requires an increase in VOC. In this work, we take advantage of the high dipole moment of twisted perylene-diimide (TPDI) as a nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) to enhance the VOC of OSCs. In multiple bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating TPDI with three polymer donors (PTB7-Th, PM6 and PBDB-T), we observed a VOC enhancement by modifying the cathode with a polyethylenimine (PEIE) interlayer. We show that the dipolar interaction between the TPDI NFA and PEIE─enhanced by the general tendency of TPDI to form J-aggregates─plays a crucial role in reducing nonradiative voltage losses under a constant radiative limit of VOC. This is aided by comparative studies with PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction solar cells. We hypothesize that incorporating NFAs with significant dipole moments is a feasible approach to improving the VOC of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manasi Pranav
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suraj Yadav
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Jiaying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Labanti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Wolansky
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - James Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, Wales SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Ge J, Xie L, Peng R, Ge Z. Organic Photovoltaics Utilizing Small-Molecule Donors and Y-Series Nonfullerene Acceptors. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2206566. [PMID: 36482012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (Y-NFA) has prompted the rapid progress of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) from around 12% to 17%. The excellent PCE improvement benefits from not only the outstanding properties of Y-series acceptors but also the successful development of small-molecule donors. The short-circuit current density, fill factor, and nonradiative recombination are all optimized to the unprecedented values, providing a scenery that is obviously different from the ITIC-series based ASM-OSCs. In this review, OSCs utilizing small-molecule donors and Y-NFA are summarized and classified in order to provide an up-to-date development overview and give an insight on structure-property correlation. Then, the characteristics of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) formation of ASM-OSCs are discussed and compared with that of polymer-based OSCs. Finally, the challenges and outlook on designing ground-breaking small-molecule donor and forming an ideal BHJ morphology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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13
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Shi S, Zhang S, Xue Z, Yao X, Zhang G, Gao J, Li Y, Tu X, Zhang S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Tang Z, Zhong H, Li W, Fei Z. Near-Infrared Acceptors with Imide-Containing End Groups for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12119-12126. [PMID: 36821101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared electron acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs) mostly contain electron-withdrawing 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC) end groups, which can be modified by but limited to phenyl, thienyl, and naphthyl units with halogenated, methyl, and methyloxy substitution. In this work, we employed an imide-containing unit to construct a new IC end group, based on which a series of new electron acceptors were synthesized. The strong electron-deficient nature of imide units enables the new acceptors to show efficient intramolecular charge transfer and hence red-shifted absorption spectra compared to their IC counterparts. These new electron acceptors were applied to OSCs, providing efficiencies of over 17% with a low voltage loss of 0.52 eV. These results demonstrate that the new imide-containing end groups are promising fragments for the construction of near-infrared electron acceptors for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Shi
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Gao
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Tu
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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14
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Yuk D, Jee MH, Koh CW, Park WW, Ryu HS, Lee D, Cho S, Rasool S, Park S, Kwon OH, Kim JY, Woo HY. Simplified Y6-Based Nonfullerene Acceptors: In-Depth Study on Molecular Structure-Property Relation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Charge Dynamics. Small 2023; 19:e2206547. [PMID: 36541782 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two new Y6 derivatives of symmetrical YBO-2O and asymmetrical YBO-FO nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are prepared with a simplified synthetic procedure by incorporating octyl and fluorine substituents onto the terminal 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) moiety. By moving the alkyl substituents on the Y6 core to the terminal INCN moiety, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the YBO NFAs increases without decreasing solubility, resulting in high open-circuit voltages of the devices. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that YBO-2O/-FO preferentially form core-core and terminal-terminal dimeric interactions, demonstrating their tighter packing structure and higher electron mobility than Y6, which is consistent with 2D grazing incidence X-ray scattering and space charge limited current measurements. In blend films, the hole transfer (HT) from YBO-2O/-FO to the polymer donor PM6 is studied in detail by transient absorption spectroscopy, demonstrating efficient HT from YBO-FO to PM6 with their suitable energy level alignment. Despite the simplified synthesis, YBO-FO demonstrates photovoltaic performance similar to that of Y6, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of 15.01%. Overall, this design strategy not only simplifies the synthetic procedures but also adjusts the electrical properties by modifying the intermolecular packing and energy level alignment, suggesting a novel simplified molecular design of Y6 derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohun Yuk
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hun Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafket Rasool
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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15
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Zheng R, Zhang C, Zhang A, Xue J, Xu X, Liu Y, Su CJ, Ma W, Yang C, Bo Z. Effect of Steric Hindrance at the Anthracene Core on the Photovoltaic Performance of Simple Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4275-4283. [PMID: 36645327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solving the contradiction between good solubility and dense packing is a challenge in designing high-performance nonfullerene acceptors. Herein, two simple nonfused ring electron acceptors (o-AT-2Cl and m-AT-2Cl) carrying ortho- or meta-substituted hexyloxy side chains can be facilely synthesized in only three steps. The two ortho-substituted phenyl side chains in o-AT-2Cl cannot freely rotate due to a big steric hindrance, which endows the acceptor with good solubility. Moreover, o-AT-2Cl displays a more ordered packing than m-AT-2Cl as revealed by the absorption measurement. When blended with polymer donor D18 for the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs), o-AT-2Cl-based devices exhibit a favorable morphology, more efficient exciton dissociation, and better charge transport. Consequently, the optimal OSCs based on D18:o-AT-2Cl exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.8%, which is significantly higher than the moderate PCE (7.66%) for D18:m-AT-2Cl-based devices. Remarkably, o-AT-2Cl shows a higher figure-of-merit value compared with classic high-efficiency fused ring electron acceptors. As a result, our research succeeds in obtaining nonfused ring acceptors with cost-effective photovoltaic performance and provides a valuable experience for simultaneously improving solubility as well as ensuring ordered packing of acceptors through regulating the steric hindrance via changing the position of substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Andong Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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16
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Zhou J, He D, Li Y, Huang F, Zhang J, Zhang C, Yuan Y, Lin Y, Wang C, Zhao F. Reducing Trap Density in Organic Solar Cells via Extending the Fused Ring Donor Unit of an A-D-A-Type Nonfullerene Acceptor for Over 17% Efficiency. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2207336. [PMID: 36305597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The high trap density (generally 1016 to 1018 cm-3 ) in thin films of organic semiconductors is the primary reason for the inferior charge-carrier mobility and large nonradiative recombination energy loss (ΔEnr ) in organic solar cells (OSCs), limiting improvement in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In this study, the trap density in OSCs is efficiently reduced via extending the donor core of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) from a heptacyclic unit to a nonacyclic unit. TTPIC-4F with a nonacyclic unit has stronger intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, affording higher crystallinity in thin films relative to its counterpart BTPIC-4F. Thus, the D18:TTPIC-4F-based device achieves a lower trap density of 4.02 × 1015 cm-3 , comparable to some typical high-performance inorganic/hybrid semiconductors, with higher mobility and inhibited charge-carrier recombination in devices. Therefore, the D18:TTPIC-4F-based OSC exhibits an impressive PCE of 17.1% with a low ΔEnr of 0.208 eV, which is the best known value for A-D-A-type NFAs. Therefore, extending the donor core of NFAs is an efficient method for suppressing trap states in OSCs for high PCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Dan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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17
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Song KC, Sung W, Lee DC, Chung S, Lee H, Lee J, Cho S, Cho K. Symmetry-Induced Ordered Assembly of a Naphthobisthiadiazole-Based Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:52233-52243. [PMID: 36355863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonfused-ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) have received increasing attention for use in organic solar cells (OSCs) because of their synthetic simplicity and tunable optical spectra. However, their fundamental molecular interactions and the mechanism by which they govern the property-function relations of OSCs remain elusive. Here, to investigate the effects of the structural symmetry of NFREAs, two acceptor-donor-acceptor'-donor-acceptor (A-D-A'-D-A)-type NFREAs, 2,2'-(((naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole-5,10-diylbis(4,4-bis(2-butyloctyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-6,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (NTz-4F) and 2,2'-(((benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diylbis(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-6,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (BT-4F), are designed and synthesized. They have different A' cores: NTz-4F has a modified centrosymmetric NTz core, whereas BT-4F has a modified axisymmetric BT core. In pristine films, the NTz-4F, which has a centrosymmetric core, shows substantially enhanced intermolecular interaction and microstructural crystalline ordering compared with BT-4F, which has an axisymmetric core. Even in blends with poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8,-dione))] (PBDB-T), NTz-4F retains its highly crystalline structure, whereas BT-4F loses crystalline packing. These changes in NTz-4F result in increased electron transport and suppressed nonradiative voltage loss, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 9.14% for PBDB-T:NTz-4F vs 7.18% for PBDB-T:BT-4F. This work demonstrates that centrosymmetric-structured cores are promising building blocks for high-performance NFREA-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Chan Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Woong Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam13120, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon34134, Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang37673, Korea
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18
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Li J, Zhang Z, Ran G, Xu X, Zhang C, Liu W, Zheng X, Li D, Xu X, Liu Y, Tang Z, Zhang W, Bo Z. High-Performance Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors with V-Shaped Side Chains. Small 2022; 18:e2203454. [PMID: 35934890 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by simplifying the synthesis of nonfullerene acceptor and establishing the relation between molecular structure and photovoltaic performance, two isomeric nonfused ring electron acceptors (o-TT-Cl and m-TT-Cl), whose properties can be adjusted by changing the side chains, are designed and synthesized with several high-yield steps. o-TT-Cl with V-shaped side chain induces a dominated J-aggregation and displays much better solubility and more ordered packing than m-TT-Cl with linear side chain. Thus, the o-TT-Cl-based blend film generates better phase morphology and charge transport than m-TT-Cl-based one. Finally, the power conversion efficiency of o-TT-Cl-based devices is 12.84%, which is much higher than that of m-TT-Cl-based ones (6.54%). This work highlights the importance of side chains engineering on improving photovoltaic performance of nonfused ring electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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19
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Jee MH, Ryu HS, Lee D, Lee W, Woo HY. Recent Advances in Nonfullerene Acceptor-Based Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells Using a Solution Process. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201876. [PMID: 35794317 PMCID: PMC9443470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their favorable p-i-n vertical phase separation, efficient charge transport/extraction, and potential for lab-to-fab large-scale production, achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 18%. This review first summarizes recent studies on various approaches to obtain ideal vertical D/A phase separation in nonfullerene acceptor (NFAs)-based LbL OSCs by proper solvent selection, processing additives, protecting solvent treatment, ternary blends, etc. Additionally, the longer exciton diffusion length of NFAs compared with fullerene derivatives, which provides a new scope for further improvement in the performance of LbL OSCs, is been discussed. Large-area device/module production by LbL techniques and device stability issues, including thermal and mechanical stability, are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for further progress toward their eventual commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hun Jee
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Energy Engineering ConvergenceKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiGyeongbuk39177Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Energy Engineering ConvergenceKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumiGyeongbuk39177Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryKU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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20
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Cai G, Chen Z, Li M, Li Y, Xue P, Cao Q, Chi W, Liu H, Xia X, An Q, Tang Z, Zhu H, Zhan X, Lu X. Revealing the Sole Impact of Acceptor's Molecular Conformation to Energy Loss and Device Performance of Organic Solar Cells through Positional Isomers. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2103428. [PMID: 35322593 PMCID: PMC9130893 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new fused-ring electron acceptor (FREA) isomers with nonlinear and linear molecular conformation, m-BAIDIC and p-BAIDIC, are designed and synthesized. Despite the similar light absorption range and energy levels, the two isomers exhibit distinct electron reorganization energies and molecular packing motifs, which are directly related to the molecular conformation. Compared with the nonlinear acceptor, the linear p-BAIDIC shows more ordered molecular packing and higher crystallinity. Furthermore, p-BAIDIC-based devices exhibit reduced nonradiative energy loss and improved charge transport mobilities. It is beneficial to enhance the open-circuit voltage (VOC ) and short-current current density (JSC ) of the devices. Therefore, the linear FREA, p-BAIDIC yields a relatively higher efficiency of 7.71% in the binary device with PM6, in comparison with the nonlinear m-BAIDIC. When p-BAIDIC is incorporated into the binary PM6/BO-4Cl system to form a ternary system, synergistic enhancements in VOC , JSC , fill factor (FF), and ultimately a high efficiency of 17.6% are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Cai
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Zeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCenter for Chemistry of High‐Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310030China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Center for Advanced Low‐dimension MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Modi cation of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Peiyao Xue
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Qingbin Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low‐dimension MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Modi cation of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCenter for Chemistry of High‐Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310030China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
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21
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Chong K, Xu X, Meng H, Xue J, Yu L, Ma W, Peng Q. Realizing 19.05% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells by Progressively Improving Charge Extraction and Suppressing Charge Recombination. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2109516. [PMID: 35080061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving charge extraction and suppressing charge recombination are critically important to minimize the loss of absorbed photons and improve the device performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, highly efficient PSCs are demonstrated by progressively improving the charge extraction and suppressing the charge recombination through the combination of side-chain engineering of new nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), adopting ternary blends, and introducing volatilizable solid additives. The 2D side chains on BTP-Th induce a certain steric hindrance for molecular packing and phase separation, which is mitigated by fluorination of side chains on BTP-FTh. Moreover, by introducing two highly crystalline molecules as the second acceptor and volatilizable solid additive, respectively, into the BTP-FTh-based host blend, the molecular crystallinity is significantly improved and the blend morphology is finely optimized. As expected, enhanced charge extraction and suppressed charge recombination are progressively realized, contributing to the largely improved fill factor (FF) of the resultant devices. Accompanied by the enhanced open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and short-circuit current density (Jsc ), a record high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.05% is realized finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaien Chong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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22
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Xu J, Jo SB, Chen X, Zhou G, Zhang M, Shi X, Lin F, Zhu L, Hao T, Gao K, Zou Y, Su X, Feng W, Jen AKY, Zhang Y, Liu F. The Molecular Ordering and Double-Channel Carrier Generation of Nonfullerene Photovoltaics within Multi-Length-Scale Morphology. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2108317. [PMID: 35218262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The success of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) solar cells lies in their unique physical properties beyond the extended absorption and suitable energy levels. The current study investigates the morphology and photophysical behavior of PBDB-T donor blending with ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC acceptors. Single-crystal study shows that the π-π stacking and side-chain interaction dictate molecular assembly, which can be carried to blended films, forming a multi-length-scale morphology. Spontaneous carrier generation is seen in ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC neat films and their blended thin films using the PBDB-T donor, providing a new avenue of zero-energy-loss carrier formation. The molecular packing associated with specific contacts and geometry is key in influencing the photophysics, as demonstrated by the charge transfer and carrier lifetime results. The 2D layer of 6TIC facilitates the exciton-to-polaron conversion, and the largest photogenerated polaron yield is obtained. The new mechanism, together with the highly efficient blending region carrier generation, has the prospect of the fundamental advantage for NFA solar cells, from molecular assembly to thin-film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiankai Chen
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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23
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Gutierrez‐Fernandez E, Scaccabarozzi AD, Basu A, Solano E, Anthopoulos TD, Martín J. Y6 Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Electron Mobilities of 2.4 cm 2 V -1 s -1 via Microstructural Tuning. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104977. [PMID: 34854574 PMCID: PMC8728851 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand to attain organic materials with high electron mobility, μe , as current reliable reported values are significantly lower than those exhibited by their hole mobility counterparts. Here, it is shown that a well-known nonfullerene-acceptor commonly used in organic solar cells, that is, BTP-4F (aka Y6), enables solution-processed organic thin-film transistors (OTFT) with a μe as high as 2.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This value is comparable to those of state-of-the-art n-type OTFTs, opening up a plethora of new possibilities for this class of materials in the field of organic electronics. Such efficient charge transport is linked to a readily achievable highly ordered crystalline phase, whose peculiar structural properties are thoroughly discussed. This work proves that structurally ordered nonfullerene acceptors can exhibit intrinsically high mobility and introduces a new approach in the quest of high μe organic materials, as well as new guidelines for future materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduardo Solano
- ALBA Synchrotron Light SourceNCD‐SWEET BeamlineCerdanyola del Vallès08290Spain
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUAv. de Tolosa 72San Sebastián20018Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48013Spain
- University of A CoruñaGroup of PolymersCentro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas (CIT)Esteiro CampusFerrol15471Spain
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24
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Liang Z, Cheng X, Jiang Y, Yu J, Xu X, Peng Z, Bu L, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Li M, Ye L, Geng Y. P3HT-Based Organic Solar Cells with a Photoresponse to 1000 nm Enabled by Narrow Band Gap Nonfullerene Acceptors with High HOMO Levels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:61487-61495. [PMID: 34913343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three narrow band gap (NBG) acceptors, namely, TTDTC-0F, TTDTC-2F, and TTDTC-4F, were synthesized by introducing a strong electron-donating unit as the central core. The enhanced intramolecular charge transfer endows the three acceptors with high-lying highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of ∼-5.20 eV and ultranarrow band gaps (∼1.25 eV). When blended with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), all organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibited a broad photoresponse from 300 to ∼1000 nm. Among them, P3HT:TTDTC-4F-based devices achieved the highest efficiency of 7.81% with a prominent Jsc exceeding 22 mA·cm-2. This study demonstrates that the conjugated molecules with high HOMOs can also function as acceptor materials for P3HT-based OSCs, which opens a window to increase PCEs of P3HT-based OSCs in the future to the level of the devices based on the current state-of-the-art polymer donor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiafei Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Jinde Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Laju Bu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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25
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Tanaka N, Nakano M, Kobayashi T, Takahara A, Fujinuki T, Shahiduzzaman M, Karakawa M, Taima T, Iiyama K. Investigation of Degradation Mechanism of Y6-Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells and Their Utilization in Durable Near-Infrared Photodetection. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100718. [PMID: 34882880 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The device durability of inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) is investigated based on Y6, which is an effective nonfullerene acceptor for high-performance OSCs. The durability of Y6-based inverted OSCs is poor and it can be caused by aggregation of Y6 in the bulk-heterojunction layer due to heating by continuous photo-irradiation (≈65 °C, 100 mW cm-2 , and 72 h). It is found that the aggregation of Y6 is suppressed at a low temperature (≈50 °C), and that the Y6-based devices can be useful as a photodurable near-infrared detector upon continuous laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Tanaka
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kobayashi
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akira Takahara
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujinuki
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Md Shahiduzzaman
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Karakawa
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taima
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Iiyama
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
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26
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Yang N, Ryu DH, Bai Y, Song CE, Hwang DH. Ladder-Type Fused Benzodithiophene Extended along the Short-Axis Direction as a New Donor Building Block for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:57693-57702. [PMID: 34813270 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ladder-type fused aromatic systems are important core structures of small molecule acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a new ladder-type donor building block, based on the benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit where the 3,7 positions of the BDT thiophene rings and the 3' position of the thiophene rings of the vertical BDT were fused to construct a seven-ring core structure named f-DTBDT, was investigated. In the f-DTBDT structure, the fusion of the BDT core and the thiophene rings at the 4,8 positions of BDT constrains all of the aromatic rings in a coplanar structure. The newly designed f-DTBDT was successfully employed as a core donor building block and conjugated with three electron-withdrawing acceptors (2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) malononitrile (2HIC), 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (2FIC), and 2-(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (2ClIC)) as acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type acceptor materials for OSCs. Characterization results showed that the three synthesized A-D-A acceptors of DTBDT-IC, DTBDT-4F, and DTBDT-4Cl have high absorption behavior in the vis-NIR region as result of an intramolecular charge transfer interaction engendered by f-DTBDT and the ending group. The absorption regions of the acceptors were complementary with that of polymer PM6. Also, the frontier orbital energy levels of the new acceptors and wide-band-gap PM6 are well matched. Bulk heterojunction OSCs were fabricated using PM6 and the acceptors, and the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.15% was obtained when using PM6:DTBDT-4F as the active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyeon Ryu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongqi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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27
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Abstract
Merocyanine (MC) dyes exhibit facile synthesis and attractive optical properties, making them widely studied as the donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, for the first time, simple indole-based MCs are successfully designed as unfused nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) for OSCs by forming dimers with A-D-π-D-A structure, which possess enhanced photostability compared to the well-known ITIC acceptor and high electron mobility in blend films. When blended with P3HT donor, one of the dimers, i. e. Z2, shows a good cell efficiency of 3.53 %, which outperforms the performance of most of P3HT/NFA blends, particularly for unfused systems, and thus indicates good potential of simple MCs as NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiangsheng Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
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28
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Kuklin SA, Zou Y, Agrawal A, Chen FC, Sharma GD. Binary and Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Wide Bandgap D-A Copolymer Donor and Two Nonfullerene Acceptors with Complementary Absorption Spectral. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:4731-4740. [PMID: 34411457 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new wide-bandgap conjugated D-A polymer denoted as P106 with a medium acceptor dithieno [2,3-e;3'2'-g]isoindole-7,9 (8H) (DTID) unit and strong 2-dodecylbenzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':6,5-b"]trithiophene (3TB) donor units shows an optical bandgap of 2.04 and highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of -5.56 eV. P106 is used as the donor and two nonfullerene acceptors-medium bandgap DBTBT-IC and narrow band Y18-DMO-are used as acceptors for the construction of binary and ternary bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The optimized polymer solar cells based on P106 : DBTBT-IC and P106 : Y18-DMO exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 11.76 % and 14.07 %, respectively. The short-circuit current density (22.78 mA cm-2 ) for the P106 : Y18-DMO device is higher than that for P106 : DBTBT-IC (18.56 mA cm-2 ) one, which could be attributed to the more photon harvesting efficiency of the P106 : Y18-DMO active layer. In light of the high short-circuit current densities and fill factors for the Y18-DMO based device and the high value of open circuit voltage of the DBTBT-IC based device, ternary polymer solar cells are fabricated by using ternary active layer (P106 : DBTBT-IC : Y18-DMO) and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 16.49 % with low energy loss of 0.47 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L Keshtov
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor O Konstantinov
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A Kuklin
- A. N. Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Anupam Agrawal
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj), 302031, India
| | - Fang C Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj), 302031, India
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29
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Liu KK, Huang H, Wang JL, Wan SS, Zhou X, Bai HR, Ma W, Zhang ZG, Li Y. Modulating Crystal Packing, Film Morphology, and Photovoltaic Performance of Selenophene-Containing Acceptors through a Combination of Skeleton Isomeric and Regioisomeric Strategies. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:50163-50175. [PMID: 34664507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a series of acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) architecture isomeric acceptors (SeCT-IC, CSeT-IC, and CTSe-IC), which have an identical electron-deficient terminal A-group and three different central D-cores with the selenophene at the innermost, relatively outer, and outermost positions of the central core, respectively. From CSeT-IC to the atom regioisomer of CTSe-IC and to the conjugated skeleton isomer of SeCT-IC, the optical band gap of neat films continuously reduced and highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) gradually upshifted with changing the selenophene from relatively outer position to the outermost position and to the innermost position of the central core. More importantly, the single-crystal structure and the GIWAXS measurements revealed that CTSe-IC presents the closest π-π stacking distance, the largest CCL, and the best molecular order and crystallinity, which led to the highest electron mobility in neat films. Furthermore, the J71:CTSe-IC blend film presents a more ordered film morphology with more proper phase separation domain size, more dominant face-on orientation, and relatively higher and more balanced electron-hole mobilities in comparison with that of J71:SeCT-IC and J71:CSeT-IC. Consequently, the J71:CTSe-IC-based organic solar cell gave a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.59%, which was obviously higher than those for J71:SeCT-IC (10.89%) and J71:CSeT-IC (8.52%). Our results demonstrate that the acceptor with selenophene in the outermost position led to significantly enhance the PCE. More importantly, rational modulation of the central fused core in combination with the conjugated skeleton isomeric method and the atom regioisomeric method provides an effective way to understand the structure-crystallinity-photovoltaic property relationship of selenophene-based regioisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Huang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shi-Sheng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hai-Rui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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30
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Raheem AA, Murugan P, Shanmugam R, Praveen C. Azulene Bridged π-Distorted Chromophores: The Influence of Structural Symmetry on Optoelectrochemical and Photovoltaic Parameters. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1451-1460. [PMID: 34648248 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated chromophores possessing π-twisted functionality such as tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) have emerged as promising active layer materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In this study, we disclose the synthesis of two azulenyl chromophores containing one and two TCBD groups. The symmetrical and unsymmetrical structural characteristics of these molecules inflict dissimilar optoelectronic and electrochemical properties. Based on molar absorptivity, aggregation behavior, HOMO-LUMO energies and other quantum chemical parameters, the symmetrical molecule (TATC2) appears to be a better non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) compared to its unsymmetrical counterpart (TATC1). For instance, higher absorptivity and deeper HOMO-LUMO levels for TATC2 (23950 M-1 cm-1 ; -6.01 eV/-3.86 eV) over TATC1 (12200 M1 cm-1 ; -5.46 eV/-3.64 eV) was observed. Validating this structure-property relationship on solar cell prototypes exhibited higher photovoltaic parameters (VOC =0.54 V, FF=0.48, JSC =6.42 mA/cm2 ) for TATC2 than TATC1 (VOC =0.47 V, FF=0.38, JSC =5.77 mA/cm2 ). Though the device parameters are not high, this work uncovers the intrinsic properties of azulene-tethered twisted chromophores as potential π-semiconductor choice for NFA solar cells. In particular, this report explores the utility of azulene-based π-twisted semiconductors as acceptor material for OPVs with cell efficiencies of 1.70 and 1.04 % for TATC2 and TATC1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasriyaludeen Abdul Raheem
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR Laboratory), Karaikudi-630003, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanichamy Murugan
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR Laboratory), Karaikudi-630003, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai-625009, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrasekar Praveen
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR Laboratory), Karaikudi-630003, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
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31
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Brabec CJ, Heeney M, Kim Y, Luscombe CK. Preface to the Special Issue of ChemSusChem on Advanced Organic Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3426-3427. [PMID: 34409751 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells have garnered much interest as an Earth-abundant and low-energy-production renewable energy source. In their Editorial to the Special Issue on Advanced Organic Solar Cells, Guest Editors Christoph Brabec, Martin Heeney, Youngkyoo Kim, and Christine Luscombe introduce this exciting field and discuss some of the Special Issue's contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Youngkyoo Kim
- Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory, KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications (KINPA), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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32
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Zhang X, Cai J, Guo C, Li D, Du B, Zhuang Y, Cheng S, Wang L, Liu D, Wang T. Simultaneously Enhanced Efficiency and Operational Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells via Solid-Additive-Mediated Aggregation Control. Small 2021; 17:e2102558. [PMID: 34293248 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The additive strategy is widely used in optimizing the morphology of organic solar cells (OSCs). The majority of additives are liquid with high boiling points, which will be trapped within device and consequently deteriorate performance during operation. In this work, solid but volatile additives 2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (INB-F) and 2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (INB-Cl) are designed to replace the common 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) in nonfullerene OSCs. These additives present during solution casting but evaporate after moderate heating. Molecular dynamics simulations show that they can reduce the adsorption energy to improve π-π stacking among nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules, an effect that enhances light absorption and electron mobility. Both INB-F and INB-Cl enhance efficiency, with INB-F achieving a maximum efficiency of 16.7% from 15.1% of the reference PBDB-T-2F (PM6):BTP-BO-4F (Y6-BO) cell, and outperforming DIO. Remarkably, they can simultaneously enhance the operational stability, with the INB-F-treated OSC maintaining over 60% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h operation, demonstrating a T80 lifetime of 523 h, which is a significant improvement over T80 values of 66.2 h for the reference and 6.6 h for DIO-treated OSC. The simultaneously enhanced efficiency and operational lifetime are also effective in PM6:BTP-BO-4Cl (Y7-BO) OSCs, demonstrating a universal strategy to improve the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinlong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baocai Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shili Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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33
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Chen H, Xia X, Yuan J, Wei Q, Liu W, Li Z, Zhu C, Wang X, Guan H, Lu X, Li Y, Zou Y. Compatibility between Solubility and Enhanced Crystallinity of Benzotriazole-Based Small Molecular Acceptors with Less Bulky Alkyl Chains for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36053-36061. [PMID: 34293857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the molecular structures of organic solar cell (OSC) materials and boosting the power conversion efficiencies are the eternal theme in the solar energy region. A series of fused benzotriazole (BTA)-based A-DA'D-A structures of nonfullerene acceptors (such as Y18) were developed for application in efficient OSCs, in which high quantum efficiencies and low voltage losses could be achieved because of the optimized electron-deficient core and specific molecular geometry. Here, based on the BTA core, the bulky alkyl chain on the BTA unit was further tailored to minimize the lateral alkyl chains and enhance the crystallinity while maintaining an adequate solubility. The resulting NFAs of BTA-C1, BTA-C5, and BTA-C6 are synthesized. Compared with the well-designed molecular Y18 (BTA-C8), we found that simply replacing the 2-ethylhexyl chain with a single methyl (BTA-C1) can easily improve the fill factor up to 77%, but its poor light absorption capacity and large domain size impeded further efficiency improvement. In particular, the BTA-C5, with a shortened branch alkyl chain of 2-methylbutyl, achieves suitable solubility and enhanced crystallinity. Significantly, owing to the balanced charge carrier mobility and suitable phase separation, the BTA-C5-based binary single-junction OSCs achieve a high efficiency of 17.11%, which is one of the top values in BTA-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qingya Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Can Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaosha Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Huilan Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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34
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Liu F, Zhou L, Liu W, Zhou Z, Yue Q, Zheng W, Sun R, Liu W, Xu S, Fan H, Feng L, Yi Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Organic Solar Cells with 18% Efficiency Enabled by an Alloy Acceptor: A Two-in-One Strategy. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2100830. [PMID: 34048104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and short-circuit current density (Jsc ) has become the core of current organic photovoltaic research, and realizing the minimum energy offsets that can guarantee effective charge generation is strongly desired for high-performance systems. Herein, a high-performance ternary solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of over 18% using a large-bandgap polymer donor, PM6, and a small-bandgap alloy acceptor containing two structurally similar nonfullerene acceptors (Y6 and AQx-3) is reported. This system can take full advantage of solar irradiation and forms a favorable morphology. By varying the ratio of the two acceptors, delicate regulation of the energy levels of the alloy acceptor is achieved, thereby affecting the charge dynamics in the devices. The optimal ternary device exhibits more efficient hole transfer and exciton separation than the PM6:AQx-3-based system and reduced energy loss compared with the PM6:Y6-based system, contributing to better performance. Such a "two-in-one" alloy strategy, which synergizes two highly compatible acceptors, provides a promising path for boosting the photovoltaic performance of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ri Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liheng Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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35
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Prasetio A, Jahandar M, Kim S, Heo J, Kim YH, Lim DC. Mitigating the Undesirable Chemical Reaction between Organic Molecules for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Photovoltaics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2100865. [PMID: 34306987 PMCID: PMC8292892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) feature excellent device performance and device stability. However, they are facing problems when the amine-rich polyelectrolytes are used as cathode interfacial layers. In this work, a small molecule, ethanedithiol (EDT) at the polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE)/active layer interface is inserted for mitigating the undesirable reaction between amine-rich groups and electron-acceptor moieties in NFA. The main role of EDT is to passivate the PEIE surface and prevent electron flow to NFA and the unwanted reaction can be mitigated. It improves the performance of OPV devices by reducing the work function, decreasing trap-assisted recombination, and improving electron-mobility. As a result, the flexible device with the PEIE interfacial layer with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.20% can be improved to 10.11% after the inclusion of EDT. Moreover, EDT-modified device can retain 98.18% after it is bent for 200 cycles and can maintain 80.83% of its initial PCE under continuous light illuminated in ambient conditions without any encapsulation. Based on these findings, the proposed strategy constitutes a crucial step toward highly efficient flexible OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Prasetio
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsPukyong National UniversityYongso‐ro 45Busan48513Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahandar
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Heo
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Display EngineeringPukyong National UniversityYongso‐ro 45Busan48513Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lim
- Surface Materials DivisionKorea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)Changwon‐daero 797Changwon51508Republic of Korea
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36
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Liu W, Lu H, Xu X, Huang H, Zhang J, Tang Z, Bo Z. Achieving a Higher Energy Charge-Transfer State and Reduced Voltage Loss for Organic Solar Cells using Nonfullerene Acceptors with Norbornenyl-Functionalized Terminal Groups. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:24765-24773. [PMID: 34006102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a high-energy charge-transfer state (ECT) and concurrently reduced energy loss is of vital importance in boosting the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of organic solar cells (OSCs), but it is difficult to realize. We report herein a novel design tactic to achieve this goal by incorporating a three-dimensional (3D) shape-persistent norbornenyl group into the terminals of acceptor-donor-acceptor-type nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). Compared with ITIC-based OSCs, norbornenyl-fused 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (CBIC) terminals endow IDTT-CBIC-based OSCs with simultaneously higher ECT and lower radiative and non-radiative voltage loss, hence enhancing Voc by 90 mV. CBIC also improves the miscibility and modulates the molecular packing structures for efficient charge carrier transport and a better short-circuit current density in IDTT-CBIC-based OSCs. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency is improved by 22%, compared to that of the OSC based on ITIC. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the use of CBIC as the terminals is observed using different electron-donating cores. The utilization of the 3D shape-persistent building blocks represents a breakthrough in the design strategies for terminal groups toward efficient NFA-based OSCs with high Voc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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37
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Zhang M, Zhu L, Hao T, Zhou G, Qiu C, Zhao Z, Hartmann N, Xiao B, Zou Y, Feng W, Zhu H, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Russell TP, Liu F. High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics using Eutectic Acceptor Fibrils to Achieve Current Amplification. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007177. [PMID: 33742493 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic electronic properties of donor (D) and acceptor (A) materials in coupling with morphological features dictate the output in organic solar cells (OSCs). New physical properties of intimate eutectic mixing are used in nonfullerene-acceptor-based D-A1 -A2 ternary blends to fine-tune the bulk heterojunction thin film morphology as well as their electronic properties. With enhanced thin film crystallinity and improved carrier transport, a significant JSC amplification is achieved due to the formation of eutectic fibrillar lamellae and reduced defects state density. Material wise, aligned cascading energy levels with much larger driving force, and suppressed recombination channels confirm efficient charge transfer and transport, enabling an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.84%. These results reveal the importance of utilizing specific material interactions to control the crystalline habit in blended films to form a well-suited morphology in guiding superior performances, which is of high demand in the next episode of OSC fabrication toward 20% PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | | | - Biao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Hubei, 430056, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong, 256401, P. R. China
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38
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Günther M, Blätte D, Oechsle AL, Rivas SS, Yousefi Amin AA, Müller-Buschbaum P, Bein T, Ameri T. Increasing Photostability of Inverted Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells by Using Fullerene Derivative Additives. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:19072-19084. [PMID: 33861568 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) recently achieved efficiencies of over 18% and are well on their way to practical applications, but still considerable stability issues need to be overcome. One major problem emerges from the electron transport material zinc oxide (ZnO), which is mainly used in the inverted device architecture and decomposes many high-performance nonfullerene acceptors due to its photocatalytic activity. In this work, we add three different fullerene derivatives-PC71BM, ICMA, and BisPCBM-to an inverted binary PBDB-TF:IT-4F system in order to suppress the photocatalytic degradation of IT-4F on ZnO via the radical scavenging abilities of the fullerenes. We demonstrate that the addition of 5% fullerene not only increases the performance of the binary PBDB-TF:IT-4F system but also significantly improves the device lifetime under UV illumination in an inert atmosphere. While the binary devices lose 20% of their initial efficiency after only 3 h, this time is increased fivefold for the most promising ternary devices with ICMA. We attribute this improvement to a reduced photocatalytic decomposition of IT-4F in the ternary system, which results in a decreased recombination. We propose that the added fullerenes protect the IT-4F by acting as a sacrificial reagent, thereby suppressing the trap state formation. Furthermore, we show that the protective effect of the most promising fullerene ICMA is transferable to two other binary systems PBDB-TF:BTP-4F and PTB7-Th:IT-4F. Importantly, this effect can also increase the air stability of PBDB-TF:IT-4F. This work demonstrates that the addition of fullerene derivatives is a transferable and straightforward strategy to improve the stability of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Blätte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Oechsle
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sergio Sánchez Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Abbas Yousefi Amin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, Garching 85748, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Materials and Processes, Chemical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
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39
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Park S, Kim T, Yoon S, Koh CW, Woo HY, Son HJ. Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long-Term Stability for Large-Area Organic Photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002217. [PMID: 33020976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) are attractive energy-conversion devices that can generate electricity from absorbed sunlight by dissociating excitons and collecting charge carriers. Recent breakthroughs attained by development of nonfullerene acceptors result in significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCEs) exceeding 17%. However, most of researches have focused on pursuing high efficiency of small-area (<1 cm2 ) unit cells fabricated usually with spin coating. For practical application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from lab-scale unit cells to industrial products, it is essential to develop efficient technologies that can extend active area of devices with minimized loss of performance and ensured operational stability. In this progress report, an overview of recent advancements in materials and processing technologies is provided for transitioning from small-area laboratory-scale devices to large-area industrial scale modules. First, development of materials that satisfy requirements of high tolerability in active layer thickness and large-area adaptability is introduced. Second, morphology control using various coating techniques in a large active area is discussed. Third, the recent research progress is also underlined for understanding mechanisms of OPV degradation and studies for improving device long-term stability along with reliable evaluation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Yoon
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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40
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Tao L, Liu X, Deng C, Zhang W, Song W. Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Acceptor with Sulfonyl-Based Ending Groups. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:49659-49665. [PMID: 33104347 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ending groups play a vital role in regulating the band gap and energy level of low-band gap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). In this work, a novel NFA, BTP-IS, is synthesized by adopting sulfonyl-based ending groups. Compared to the ketone counterpart BTP-IC, BTP-IS exhibits a red-shift in absorption spectra with lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. More importantly, the BTP-IS-based organic solar cells with PM6 as donor present a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.79%, which is much higher than that of the BTP-IC device (PCE of 7.54%). The efficient charge transfer between the polymer donor and NFA acceptor, the balance charge transport, and the fine photoactive morphology bear on the effective exciton dissociation and charge collection in the BTP-IS device, which induces high short circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) values. This research has shed light on designing novel NFAs from the perspective of ending groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupiao Tao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineer, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Changbo Deng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineer, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineer, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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41
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Bristow H, Jacoutot P, Scaccabarozzi AD, Babics M, Moser M, Wadsworth A, Anthopoulos TD, Bakulin A, McCulloch I, Gasparini N. Nonfullerene-Based Organic Photodetectors for Ultrahigh Sensitivity Visible Light Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:48836-48844. [PMID: 33054156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that for organic photodetectors (OPDs) to compete with their inorganic counterparts, low dark currents at reverse bias must be achieved. Here, two rhodanine-terminated nonfullerene acceptors O-FBR and O-IDTBR are shown to deliver low dark currents at -2 V of 0.17 and 0.84 nA cm-2, respectively, when combined with the synthetically scalable polymer PTQ10 in OPD. These low dark currents contribute to the excellent sensitivity to low light of the detectors, reaching values of 0.57 μW cm-2 for PTQ10:O-FBR-based OPD and 2.12 μW cm-2 for PTQ10:O-IDTBR-based OPD. In both cases, this sensitivity exceeds that of a commercially available silicon photodiode. The responsivity of the PTQ10:O-FBR-based OPD of 0.34 AW-1 under a reverse bias of -2 V also exceeds that of a silicon photodiode. Meanwhile, the responsivity of the PTQ10:O-IDTBR of 0.03 AW-1 is limited by the energetic offset of the blend. The OPDs deliver high specific detectivities of 9.6 × 1012 Jones and 3.3 × 1011 Jones for O-FBR- and O-IDTBR-based blends, respectively. Both active layers are blade-coated in air, making them suitable for high-throughput methods. Finally, all three of the materials can be synthesized at low cost and on a large scale, making these blends good candidates for commercial OPD applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Polina Jacoutot
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxime Babics
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artem Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW72AZ, U.K
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Cheng P, Wang HC, Zhu Y, Zheng R, Li T, Chen CH, Huang T, Zhao Y, Wang R, Meng D, Li Y, Zhu C, Wei KH, Zhan X, Yang Y. Transparent Hole-Transporting Frameworks: A Unique Strategy to Design High-Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2003891. [PMID: 32815259 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the nature of molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra of organic semiconductors are not continuous like those in traditional inorganic semiconductors, which offers a unique application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs): semitransparent OPVs. Recently, the exciting progress of materials design has promoted the development of semitransparent OPVs. However, in the perspective of device engineering, almost all reported works reduce the thickness of back/reflected electrode to obtain high average visible transmittance (AVT), which is a trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the transmittance of the whole solar spectrum (visible and infrared), and therefore limit the further development. Herein, a unique strategy of "transparent hole-transporting frameworks" is proposed. A hole-transporting large-bandgap polymer (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA)) is employed to partially replace polymer donors in the active layer of PBDB-T/Y1. PTAA is a p-type polymer with a large bandgap of 2.9 eV; the partial substitution of PBDB-T by PTAA reduces the absorption of the active layer only in the visible region, keeping the hole-transporting pathways as well as the optimized film morphology. As a result, semitransparent OPVs with PCEs of 12% and AVTs of 20% are achieved, both on rigid and flexible substrates. To demonstrate the generality, this strategy is also used in three different active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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43
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Umeyama T, Igarashi K, Sasada D, Ishida K, Koganezawa T, Ohtani S, Tanaka K, Imahori H. Efficient Exciton Diffusion in Micrometer-Sized Domains of Nanographene-Based Nonfullerene Acceptors with Long Exciton Lifetimes in Blend Films with Conjugated Polymer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39236-39244. [PMID: 32822164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase-separated structures in photoactive layers composed of electron donors and acceptors in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) generally exert a profound impact on the device performance. In this study, nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) where a heteronanographene central core was furnished with branched alkoxy chains of different lengths, TACIC-EH, TACIC-BO, and TACIC-HD, were prepared to adjust the aggregation tendency and systematically probe the relationships of film structures with photophysical and photovoltaic properties. The side-chain length showed negligible effects on the absorption properties and energy levels of TACICs. In addition, regardless of the chain length, all TACIC films exhibited characteristically long singlet exciton lifetimes (1330-2330 ps) compared to those in solution (≤220 ps). Using a conjugated polymer donor, PBDB-T, the best OPV performance was achieved with TACIC-BO that contained medium-length chains, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.92%. TACIC-HD with the longest chains showed deteriorated electron mobility due to the long insulating alkoxy groups. Therefore, the PBDB-T:TACIC-HD-based device revealed a low charge collection efficiency and PCE (8.21%) relative to the PBDB-T:TACIC-BO-based device, but their film morphologies were analogous. Meanwhile, TACIC-EH with the shortest chains showed low solubility and formed micrometer-sized large aggregates in the blend film with PBDB-T. Although the charge collection efficiency of PBDB-T:TACIC-EH was lower than that of PBDB-T:TACIC-BO, the efficiencies of exciton diffusion to the donor-acceptor interface were sufficiently high (>98%) owing to the elongated singlet exciton lifetime of TACIC-EH. The PCE of the PBDB-T:TACIC-EH-based device remained moderate (7.10%). Therefore, TACICs with the long singlet exciton lifetimes in the films provide a clear guideline for NFAs with low sensitivity of OPV device performance to the blend film structures, which is advantageous for large-scale OPV production with high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kensho Igarashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasada
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ishida
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Wadsworth A, Hamid Z, Kosco J, Gasparini N, McCulloch I. The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2001763. [PMID: 32754970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors require an energetic offset in order to photogenerate free charge carriers efficiently, owing to their inability to effectively screen charges. This is vitally important in order to achieve high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells. Early heterojunction-based solar cells were limited to relatively modest efficiencies (<4%) owing to limitations such as poor exciton dissociation, limited photon harvesting, and high recombination losses. The development of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has significantly overcome these issues, resulting in dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic performance, now exceeding 18% power conversion efficiencies. Here, the design and engineering strategies used to develop the optimal bulk heterojunction for solar-cell, photodetector, and photocatalytic applications are discussed. Additionally, the thermodynamic driving forces in the creation and stability of the bulk heterojunction are presented, along with underlying photophysics in these blends. Finally, new opportunities to apply the knowledge accrued from BHJ solar cells to generate free charges for use in promising new applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zeinab Hamid
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jan Kosco
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Wang Y, Jia B, Wang J, Xue P, Xiao Y, Li T, Wang J, Lu H, Tang Z, Lu X, Huang F, Zhan X. High-Efficiency Perovskite Quantum Dot Hybrid Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Near-Zero Driving Force. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002066. [PMID: 32529680 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To take advantages of the intense absorption and fluorescence, high charge mobility, and high dielectric constant of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), PQD hybrid nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated. Addition of PQDs leads to simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage (VOC ), short-circuit current density (JSC ), and fill factor (FF); power conversion efficiencies are boosted from 11.6% to 13.2% for PTB7-Th:FOIC blend and from 15.4% to 16.6% for PM6:Y6 blend. Incorporation of PQDs dramatically increases the energy of the charge transfer state, resulting in near-zero driving force and improved VOC . Interestingly, at near-zero driving force, the PQD hybrid OSCs show more efficient charge generation than the control device without PQDs, contributing to enhanced JSC , due to the formation of cascade band structure and increased molecular ordering. The strong fluorescence of the PQDs enhances the external quantum efficiency of the electroluminescence of the active layer, which can reduce nonradiative recombination voltage loss. The high dielectric constant of the PQDs screens the Coulombic interactions and reduces charge recombination, which is beneficial for increased FF. This work may open up wide applicability of perovskite quantum dots and an avenue toward high-performance nonfullerene solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Xiao
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Li S, Zhan L, Jin Y, Zhou G, Lau TK, Qin R, Shi M, Li CZ, Zhu H, Lu X, Zhang F, Chen H. Asymmetric Electron Acceptors for High-Efficiency and Low-Energy-Loss Organic Photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2001160. [PMID: 32390241 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low energy loss and efficient charge separation under small driving forces are the prerequisites for realizing high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, a new molecular design of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) is proposed to address above two issues simultaneously by introducing asymmetric terminals. Two NFAs, BTP-S1 and BTP-S2, are constructed by introducing halogenated indandione (A1 ) and 3-dicyanomethylene-1-indanone (A2 ) as two different conjugated terminals on the central fused core (D), wherein they share the same backbone as well-known NFA Y6, but at different terminals. Such asymmetric NFAs with A1 -D-A2 structure exhibit superior photovoltaic properties when blended with polymer donor PM6. Energy loss analysis reveals that asymmetric molecule BTP-S2 with six chlorine atoms attached at the terminals enables the corresponding devices to give an outstanding electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 2.3 × 10-2 %, one order of magnitude higher than devices based on symmetric Y6 (4.4 × 10-3 %), thus significantly lowering the nonradiative loss and energy loss of the corresponding devices. Besides, asymmetric BTP-S1 and BTP-S2 with multiple halogen atoms at the terminals exhibit fast hole transfer to the donor PM6. As a result, OPVs based on the PM6:BTP-S2 blend realize a PCE of 16.37%, higher than that (15.79%) of PM6:Y6-based OPVs. A further optimization of the ternary blend (PM6:Y6:BTP-S2) results in a best PCE of 17.43%, which is among the highest efficiencies for single-junction OPVs. This work provides an effective approach to simultaneously lower the energy loss and promote the charge separation of OPVs by molecular design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Jin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ran Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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47
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Han G, Hu T, Yi Y. Reducing the Singlet-Triplet Energy Gap by End-Group π-π Stacking Toward High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000975. [PMID: 32329542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To improve the power conversion efficiencies for organic solar cells, it is necessary to enhance light absorption and reduce energy loss simultaneously. Both the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states need to energertically approach the charge-transfer state to reduce the energy loss in exciton dissociation and by triplet recombination. Meanwhile, the S1 energy needs to be decreased to broaden light absorption. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ), particularly for the narrow-bandgap materials that determine the device T1 energy. Although maximizing intramolecular push-pull effect can drastically decrease ΔEST , it inevitably results in weak oscillator strength and light absorption. Herein, large oscillator strength (≈3) and a moderate ΔEST (0.4-0.5 eV) are found for state-of-the-art A-D-A small-molecule acceptors (ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6) owing to modest push-pull effect. Importantly, end-group π-π stacking commonly in the films can substantially decrease the S1 energy by nearly 0.1 eV, but the T1 energy is hardly changed. The obtained reduction of ΔEST is crucial to effectively suppress triplet recombination and acquire small exciton dissociation driving force. Thus, end-group π-π stacking is an effective way to achieve both small energy loss and efficient light absorption for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Taiping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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48
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Soultati A, Verykios A, Panagiotakis S, Armadorou KK, Haider MI, Kaltzoglou A, Drivas C, Fakharuddin A, Bao X, Yang C, Yusoff ARBM, Evangelou EK, Petsalakis I, Kennou S, Falaras P, Yannakopoulou K, Pistolis G, Argitis P, Vasilopoulou M. Suppressing the Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Electron-Transport Layer in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Pyrene-Bodipy Interlayer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21961-21973. [PMID: 32364365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on nonfullerene acceptors have recently witnessed a significant rise in their power conversion efficiency values. However, they still suffer from severe instability issues, especially in an inverted device architecture based on the zinc oxide bottom electron transport layers. In this work, we insert a pyrene-bodipy donor-acceptor dye as a thin interlayer at the photoactive layer/zinc oxide interface to suppress the degradation reaction of the nonfullerene acceptor caused by the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide. In particular, the pyrene-bodipy-based interlayer inhibits the direct contact between the nonfullerene acceptor and zinc oxide hence preventing the decomposition of the former by zinc oxide under illumination with UV light. As a result, the device photostability was significantly improved. The π-π interaction between the nonfullerene acceptor and the bodipy part of the interlayer facilitates charge transfer from the nonfullerene acceptor toward pyrene, which is followed by intramolecular charge transfer to bodipy part and then to zinc oxide. The bodipy-pyrene modified zinc oxide also increased the degree of crystallization of the photoactive blend and the face-on stacking of the polymer donor molecules within the blend hence contributing to both enhanced charge transport and increased absorption of the incident light. Furthermore, it decreased the surface work function as well as surface energy of the zinc oxide film all impacting in improved power conversion efficiency values of the fabricated cells with champion devices reaching values up to 9.86 and 11.80% for the fullerene and nonfullerene-based devices, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
| | - Apostolis Verykios
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stylianos Panagiotakis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
| | - Konstantina-Kalliopi Armadorou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Zografos 15771, Greece
| | - Muhammad Irfan Haider
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Wah 47040, Pakistan
| | - Andreas Kaltzoglou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
| | - Charalampos Drivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Azhar Fakharuddin
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Physics, Vivian Tower, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP , United Kingdom
| | | | - Ioannis Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Stella Kennou
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
| | - George Pistolis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, Athens15310, Greece
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Cui Y, Yao H, Zhang J, Xian K, Zhang T, Hong L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Ma K, An C, He C, Wei Z, Gao F, Hou J. Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1908205. [PMID: 32227399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the molecular structures of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials is one of the most effective methods to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). For an excellent molecular system with a certain conjugated skeleton, fine tuning the alky chains is of considerable significance to fully explore its photovoltaic potential. In this work, the optimization of alkyl chains is performed on a chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) named BTP-4Cl-BO (a Y6 derivative) and very impressive photovoltaic parameters in OPV cells are obtained. To get more ordered intermolecular packing, the n-undecyl is shortened at the edge of BTP-eC11 to n-nonyl and n-heptyl. As a result, the NFAs of BTP-eC9 and BTP-eC7 are synthesized. The BTP-eC7 shows relatively poor solubility and thus limits its application in device fabrication. Fortunately, the BTP-eC9 possesses good solubility and, at the same time, enhanced electron transport property than BTP-eC11. Significantly, due to the simultaneously enhanced short-circuit current density and fill factor, the BTP-eC9-based single-junction OPV cells record a maximum PCE of 17.8% and get a certified value of 17.3%. These results demonstrate that minimizing the alkyl chains to get suitable solubility and enhanced intermolecular packing has a great potential in further improving its photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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50
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Dai S, Zhou J, Chandrabose S, Shi Y, Han G, Chen K, Xin J, Liu K, Chen Z, Xie Z, Ma W, Yi Y, Jiang L, Hodgkiss JM, Zhan X. High-Performance Fluorinated Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor with 3D Stacking and Exciton/Charge Transport. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000645. [PMID: 32285551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorinated electron acceptor (FINIC) based on 6,6,12,12-tetrakis(3-fluoro-4-hexylphenyl)-indacenobis(dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene) as the electron-donating central core and 5,6-difluoro-3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-1-indanone as the electron-deficient end groups is rationally designed and synthesized. FINIC shows similar absorption profile in dilute solution to the nonfluorinated analogue INIC. However, compared with INIC, FINIC film shows red-shifted absorption, down-shifted frontier molecular orbital energy levels, enhanced crystallinity, and more ordered molecular packing. Single-crystal structure data show that FINIC molecules pack into closer 3D "network" motif through H-bonding and π-π interaction, while INIC molecules pack into incompact "honeycomb" motif through only π-π stacking. Theoretical calculations reveal that FINIC has stronger electronic coupling and more molecular interactions than INIC. FINIC has higher electron mobilities in both horizontal and vertical directions than INIC. Moreover, FINIC and INIC support efficient 3D exciton transport. PBD-SF/FINIC blend has a larger driving force for exciton splitting, more efficient charge transfer and photoinduced charge generation. Finally, the organic solar cells based on PBD-SF/FINIC blend yield power conversion efficiency of 14.0%, far exceeding that of the PBD-SF/INIC-based devices (5.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Sreelakshmi Chandrabose
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kai Chen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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