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Zhang W, Li H, Jiang H, Wu H, Lu Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Gao Y, Zhang L. Influence of Surface Defects on the Thermal Conductivity of Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12038-12048. [PMID: 34606718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this simulation, the reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is employed to explore how the surface defects in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) influence the thermal conductivity of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based composites. First, the interfacial thermal conductivity and the intrinsic thermal conductivity of h-BN are obtained by tuning the defect density, the inhomogeneity of the defect distribution, and the number of h-BN layers. The defects enhance the interfacial thermal conductivity, especially for h-BNs with high inhomogeneity of the defect distribution and multilayer. However, the intrinsic thermal conductivity of h-BN is declined significantly by the defects. They can be explained well by the vibrational density of states of PDMS and h-BNs and their overlap. Then, by combining the effective medium approximation model with the simulation, the overall thermal conductivity of composites is obtained. It exhibits a gradual decrease with increasing defect density or reducing the inhomogeneity of the defect distribution. Meanwhile, the enhancement extent of the overall thermal conductivity by improving the concentration and size of h-BNs depends on the defect density and the defect distribution. Finally, the comparison between the simulation and experiment is discussed. In summary, our work provides some valuable insights into how the defect density, the defect distribution, and the number of layers influence the thermal conductivity of the PDMS-based composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, People's Republic of China
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Yang T, Zhao Y, Liu H, Sun M, Xiong S. Effect of Sizing Agents on Surface Properties of Carbon Fibers and Interfacial Adhesion of Carbon Fiber/Bismaleimide Composites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23028-23037. [PMID: 34549103 PMCID: PMC8444222 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical, surface, and mechanical properties of three batches of T800 grade carbon fibers (CFs) treated with three kinds of sizing agents and Toray T800H CFs were characterized to study the effect of sizing agents on surface properties. Scanning electron microscopy for morphology, atomic force microscopy calculations, and results for the content of sizing agents showed that sizing agent B improved the surface roughness and CFs with high content of sizing agent always presented small surface roughness in a certain content range 1.2-1.6%. Surface energy of CFs was calculated by Young's contact angle using the test results with water and glycol, and contact angles with LY-1 and modified-AC531 were also acquired. The results proved that CFs of sizing agent group B had the highest average surface energy and the lowest average contact angles with both LY-1 and modified-AC531. From both single-filament and tensile strength test results, the average strength of CFs of sizing agent group B was found to be the lowest, which indicated that sizing agent B had an influence on tensile strength decrease of T800 grade CFs. Comparing the results of interfacial shear strength both in a natural dry state and after hygrothermal treatment, high surface energy was found to be the key element to obtain high interfacial adhesion between T800 grade CFs and bismaleimide, and high surface roughness and low contact angle also played important roles. Among sizing agents A, B, and C, A had an effect on the interfacial shear strength decrease of CFs in the natural dry state, while C had that after hygrothermal treatment.
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The effect of self-resistance electric heating on the interfacial behavior of injection molded carbon fiber/polypropylene composites through molecular dynamics analysis. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yan L, Hong C, Liu J, Du B, Zhou S, Zhao G, Hu P, Zhang X. Multifunctional Thermal Barrier Application Composite with SiC Nanowires Enhanced Structural Health Monitoring Sensitivity and Interface Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27955-27964. [PMID: 30051711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced ceramic composites show the attractive potential for next generation thermal protection materials because of their outstanding reliability and excellent high-temperature resistance but are facing great challenges in the combination of the engineering practicality and versatility. Herein, it is demonstrated that silicon carbide nanowires can be grown on the surface of CF to create a multifunctional thermal barrier application composite. The embedding of the silicon carbide nanowires in the interface of CF and ceramic matrix significantly increased the structural health monitoring sensitivity and interface strength of the composites. Compared to the conventional CF/ZrC composites, the structural health monitoring sensitivity of the composites with SiC nanowires is greatly elevated with a 14-fold improvement. Additional investigations revealed that the multifunctional SiCnws-CF/ZrC nanocomposites enjoyed a low thermal conductivity of 0.49 W/(m·K), a light weight (0.76-1.85 g/cm3), and a relative high compressive strength of 23.64 MPa, which is favorite in applying as a thermal barrier material. Furthermore, the interface design strategy could be extended as a universal method in fabricating various fiber-reinforced composites for a wide range of other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Changqing Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - Jilei Liu
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Bin Du
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - Shanbao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
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Radue MS, Varshney V, Baur JW, Roy AK, Odegard GM. Molecular Modeling of Cross-Linked Polymers with Complex Cure Pathways: A Case Study of Bismaleimide Resins. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Radue
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Jeffery W. Baur
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Ajit K. Roy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Gregory M. Odegard
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Chen J, Liu B, Gao X, Xu D. A review of the interfacial characteristics of polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28048-28085. [PMID: 35542749 PMCID: PMC9083916 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of recent advances in research on the interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites. The state of knowledge about the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes as well as the interaction at the interface between the carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix is presented. The primary focus of this paper is on identifying the fundamental relationship between nanocomposite properties and interfacial characteristics. The progress, remaining challenges, and future directions of research are discussed. The latest developments of both microscopy and scattering techniques are reviewed, and their respective strengths and limitations are briefly discussed. The main methods available for the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes are summarized, and particular interest is given to evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. The critical issues related to the interaction at the interface are discussed, and the important techniques for improving the properties of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites are introduced. Additionally, the mechanism responsible for the interfacial interaction at the molecular level is briefly described. Furthermore, the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are discussed separately, and their influencing factors are briefly introduced. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities for efficiently translating the remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes to polymer matrices are summarized in the hopes of facilitating the development of this emerging area. Potential topics of oncoming focus are highlighted, and several suggestions concerning future research needs are also presented. The state of research on the characteristics at the interface in polymer nanocomposites is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the recent advances in the fundamental relationship between interfacial characteristics and nanocomposite properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Baofang Liu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Xuhui Gao
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Deguang Xu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
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Demir B, Henderson LC, Walsh TR. Design Rules for Enhanced Interfacial Shear Response in Functionalized Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11846-11857. [PMID: 28317383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-fiber reinforced composites are ideal light-weighting candidates to replace traditional engineering materials. The mechanical performance of these composites results from a complex interplay of influences operating over several length and time scales. The mechanical performance may therefore be limited by many factors, one of which being the modest interfacial adhesion between the carbon fiber and the polymer. Chemical modification of the fiber, via surface grafting of molecules, is one possible strategy to enhance interactions across the fiber-polymer interface. To achieve systematic improvements in these modified materials, the ability to manipulate and monitor the molecular structure of the polymer interphase and the surface grafted molecules in the composite is essential, but challenging to accomplish from a purely experimental perspective. Alternatively, molecular simulations can bridge this knowledge gap by providing molecular-scale insights into the optimal design of these surface-grafted molecules to deliver superior mechanical properties. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to predict the interfacial shear response of a typical epoxy/carbon-fiber composite for both pristine fiber and a range of surface graftings. We allow for the dynamic curing of the epoxy in the presence of the functionalized surface, including cross-link formation between the grafted molecules and the polymer matrix. Our predictions agree with recently reported experimental data for these systems and reveal the molecular-scale origins of the enhanced interfacial shear response arising from functionalization. In addition to the presence of interfacial covalent bonds, we find that the interfacial structural complexity, resulting from the presence of the grafted molecules, and a concomitant spatial homogeneity of the interphase polymer density are beneficial factors in conferring high interfacial shear stress. Our approach paves the way for computational screening processes to design, test, and rapidly identify viable surface modifications in silico, which would enable rapid systematic progress in optimizing the match between the carbon fiber treatment and the desired thermoset polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Demir
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tiffany R Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University , Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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