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Zhao L, Astridge DD, Gunnarsson WB, Xu Z, Hong J, Scott J, Kacmoli S, Al Kurdi K, Barlow S, Marder SR, Gmachl CF, Sellinger A, Rand BP. Thermal Properties of Polymer Hole-Transport Layers Influence the Efficiency Roll-off and Stability of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37220025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While the performance of metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has rapidly improved in recent years, their stability remains a bottleneck to commercial realization. Here, we show that the thermal stability of polymer hole-transport layers (HTLs) used in PeLEDs represents an important factor influencing the external quantum efficiency (EQE) roll-off and device lifetime. We demonstrate a reduced EQE roll-off, a higher breakdown current density of approximately 6 A cm-2, a maximum radiance of 760 W sr-1 m-2, and a longer device lifetime for PeLEDs using polymer HTLs with high glass-transition temperatures. Furthermore, for devices driven by nanosecond electrical pulses, a record high radiance of 1.23 MW sr-1 m-2 and an EQE of approximately 1.92% at 14.6 kA cm-2 are achieved. Thermally stable polymer HTLs enable stable operation of PeLEDs that can sustain more than 11.7 million electrical pulses at 1 kA cm-2 before device failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfeng Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Daniel D Astridge
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - William B Gunnarsson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Zhaojian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jonathan Scott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sara Kacmoli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Khaled Al Kurdi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Claire F Gmachl
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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2
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Park JY, Jang JW, Shen X, Jang JH, Kwak SL, Choi H, Lee BR, Hwang DH. Fluorene- and arylamine-based photo-crosslinkable hole transporting polymer for solution-processed perovskite and organic light-emitting diodes. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Zhang F, Gao Y, Lu P, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Bao X, Xu Z, Lu M, Wu Y, Chen P, Hu J, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Song H, Bai X. Engineering of Hole Transporting Interface by Incorporating the Atomic-Precision Ag 6 Nanoclusters for High-Efficiency Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1582-1590. [PMID: 36763855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Properties of the underlying hole transport layer (HTL) play a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic performance of perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs). However, endowing the current HTL system with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level concurrent with high hole mobility is still a big challenge, in particular being an open constraint toward high-efficiency blue PeLEDs. In this regard, employing the poly(9-vinylcarbazole) as a model, we perform efficient incorporation of the atomic-precision metal nanoclusters (NCs), [Ag6PL6, PL = (S)-4-phenylthiazolidine-2-thione], to achieve significant tailoring in both HOMO energy level and hole mobility. As a result, the as-modified PeLEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.29% at 488 nm. The presented study exemplifies the success of metal NC involved HTL engineering and offers a simple yet effective additive strategy to settle the blue PeLED HTL dilemma, which paves the way for the fabrication of highly efficient blue PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Po Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450051, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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Surface-Passivated Single-Crystal Micro-Plates for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) prepared with single crystals (SCs) ideally exhibit higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) because they possess a lower density of structural imperfection and superior charge transport. However, the density of the surface defects on the SCs is still very high, thereby inevitably affecting the device performance. Herein, perovskite single-crystal micro-plates were grown on a hole-transporting material, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine], through a space-limited inverse temperature crystallization method. The surfaces of the as-prepared SCs were passivated using trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) during the device fabrication to alleviate the impact of surface defects. The PCE values are averagely improved from 11.90 ± 0.30% to 14.76 ± 0.65% after the surface passivation; the champion device even exhibits a PCE of 15.65%. The results from photoluminescence and hole-only devices reveal that TOPO treatments effectively reduce the number of surface defects on the single crystals, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance. The surface passivation also inhibits the hysteresis behavior due to the lower defect density. Finally, the TOPO treatment also improves the stability of the single-crystal PeSCs, presumably due to the hydrophobic long alkyl chains. Thus, this work provides an effective approach to achieving high efficiencies of single-crystal PeSCs.
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5
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Worku M, Ben-Akacha A, Blessed Shonde T, Liu H, Ma B. The Past, Present, and Future of Metal Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Worku
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Azza Ben-Akacha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Tunde Blessed Shonde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - He Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Biwu Ma
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
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Position Effects of Metal Nanoparticles on the Performance of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040993. [PMID: 33924555 PMCID: PMC8068810 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles have been widely used for improving the efficiencies of many optoelectronic devices. Herein, position effects of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are investigated. Amphiphilic Au NPs are synthesized so that they can be incorporated into different layers of the PeLEDs to enhance device efficiencies. The photoluminescent (PL) studies indicate apparent position effects; the strongest PL intensity occurs when the NPs are directly blended with the light-emitting perovskite layer. In contrast, the PeLEDs exhibit the highest luminance efficiency while the Au NPs are placed in the hole-transporting layer. The direct blending of the NPs in the perovskite layer might affect the electrical properties, resulting in inferior device performance. The results reported herein can help to understand the enhancing mechanism of the PeLEDs and may also lead to even better efficiencies in the near future.
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Jeong JE, Park JH, Jang CH, Song MH, Woo HY. Multifunctional Charge Transporting Materials for Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002176. [PMID: 32886378 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their low exciton-binding energies, metal halide perovskites are extensively studied as light-emitting materials owing to narrow emission with high color purity, easy/wide color tunability, and high photoluminescence quantum yields. To improve the efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), much effort has been devoted to controlling the emitting layer morphologies to induce charge confinement and decrease the nonradiative recombination. The interfaces between the emitting layer and charge transporting layer (CTL) are vulnerable to various defects that deteriorate the efficiency and stability of the PeLEDs. Therefore, the establishment of multifunctional CTLs that can improve not only charge transport but also critical factors that influence device performance, such as defect passivation, morphology/phase control, ion migration suppression, and light outcoupling efficiency, are highly required. Herein, the fundamental limitations of perovskites as emitters (i.e., defects, morphological and phase instability, high refractive index with poor outcoupling) and the recent developments with regard to multifunctional CTLs to compensate such limitations are summarized, and their device applications are also reviewed. Finally, based on the importance of multifunctional CTLs, the outlook and research prospects of multifunctional CTLs for the further improvement of PeLEDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hyeon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Kang S, Jillella R, Jeong J, Park YI, Pu YJ, Park J. Improved Electroluminescence Performance of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes by a New Hole Transporting Polymer Based on the Benzocarbazole Moiety. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51756-51765. [PMID: 33151064 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new hole-transporting material, poly-2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(4-vinylphenyl)-5H-benzo[b]carbazole (PBCZCZ), was developed for perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). This polymer, which is based on the benzocarbazole moiety, has good solubility in common solvents and enabled the fabrication of highly efficient multilayer perovskite devices. It has excellent film morphology and a high hole mobility of 3.67 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1, which made it possible to vary the device configuration. Green and sky-blue perovskite PeLEDs using PBCZCZ as the hole-transporting layer had current efficiencies and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 43.90 cd A-1 and 8.67% for the green device and 9.07 cd A-1 and 4.04% for the sky-blue device, respectively. The EQE of the green PeLEDs was about 2.5 times higher and that of the sky-blue PeLEDs was about 3 times higher than the device made with the commercial HTL of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). The operational device lifetimes of the green and sky-blue PeLEDs made with PBCZCZ were about 4.1 and 4.8 times higher than the PVK-containing device, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwoo Kang
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Raveendra Jillella
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Jeong
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Park
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jongwook Park
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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Tang P, Xie L, Xiong X, Wei C, Zhao W, Chen M, Zhuang J, Su W, Cui Z. Realizing 22.3% EQE and 7-Fold Lifetime Enhancement in QLEDs via Blending Polymer TFB and Cross-Linkable Small Molecules for a Solvent-Resistant Hole Transport Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13087-13095. [PMID: 32090556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl)))] (TFB) has been widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) material in cadmium-based quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) because of its high hole mobility. However, as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of TFB is -5.4 eV, the hole injection from TFB to the quantum dot (QD) layer is higher than 1.5 eV. Such a high oxidation potential at the QD/HTL interface may seriously degrade the device lifetime. In addition, TFB is not resistant to most solvents, which limits its application in inkjet-printed QLED display. In this study, the blended HTL consisting of TFB and cross-linkable small molecular 4,4'-bis(3-vinyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)1,1'-biphenyl (CBP-V) was introduced into red QLEDs because of the deep HOMO energy level of CBP-V (-6.2 eV). Compared with the TFB-only devices, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of devices with the blended HTL improved from 15.9 to 22.3% without the increase of turn-on voltage for spin-coating-fabricated devices. Furthermore, the blended HTL prolonged the T90 and T70 lifetime from 5.4 and 31.1 to 39.4 and 148.9 h, respectively. These enhancements in lifetime are attributed to the low hole-injection barrier at the HTL/QD interface and high thermal stability of the blended HTL after cross-linking. Moreover, the cross-linked blended HTL showed excellent solvent resistance after cross-linking, and the EQE of the inkjet-printed red QLEDs reached 16.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Tang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xie
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Xiong
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Changting Wei
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhuang
- Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technol Company Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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Han TH, Tan S, Xue J, Meng L, Lee JW, Yang Y. Interface and Defect Engineering for Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803515. [PMID: 30761623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have been in the limelight in recent years due to their enormous potential for use in optoelectronic devices, owing to their unique combination of properties, such as high absorption coefficient, long charge-carrier diffusion lengths, and high defect tolerance. Perovskite-based solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs in a comparatively short amount of time. As of writing, a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.7% and an external quantum efficiency of over 10% have been achieved for perovskite solar cells and LEDs, respectively. Interfaces and defects have a critical influence on the properties and operational stability of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. Therefore, interface and defect engineering are crucial to control the behavior of the charge carriers and to grow high quality, defect-free perovskite crystals. Herein, a comprehensive review of various strategies that attempt to modify the interfacial characteristics, control the crystal growth, and understand the defect physics in metal halide perovskites, for both solar cell and LED applications, is presented. Lastly, based on the latest advances and breakthroughs, perspectives and possible directions forward in a bid to transcend what has already been achieved in this vast field of metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shaun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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11
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Xie L, Xiong X, Chang Q, Chen X, Wei C, Li X, Zhang M, Su W, Cui Z. Inkjet-Printed High-Efficiency Multilayer QLEDs Based on a Novel Crosslinkable Small-Molecule Hole Transport Material. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900111. [PMID: 30883038 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted much interest owing to their compatibility with low-cost inkjet printing technology and potential for use in large-area full-color pixelated display. However, it is challenging to fabricate high efficiency inkjet-printed QLEDs because of the coffee ring effects and inferior resistance to solvents from the underlying polymer film during the inkjet printing process. In this study, a novel crosslinkable hole transport material, 4,4'-bis(3-vinyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP-V) which is small-molecule based, is synthesized and investigated for inkjet printing of QLEDs. The resulting CBP-V film after thermal curing exhibits excellent solvent resistance properties without any initiators. An added advantage is that the crosslinked CBP-V film has a sufficiently low highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (≈-6.2 eV), high film compactness, and high hole mobility, which can thus promote the hole injection into quantum dots (QDs) and improve the charge carrier balance within the QD emitting layers. A red QLED is successfully fabricated by inkjet printing a CBP-V and QDs bilayer. Maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.6% is achieved, which is 92% of a reference spin-coated QLED (12.6%). This is the first report of such high-efficiency inkjet-printed multilayer QLEDs and demonstrates a unique and effective approach to inkjet printing fabrication of high-performance QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Xie
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Xiong
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qiaowen Chang
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, 650106, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Changting Wei
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Jiaxing Nato Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiaxing Nato Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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12
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Hsiao MC, Chien PC, Jhuang LS, Chen FC. Bidentate chelating ligands as effective passivating materials for perovskite light-emitting diodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7867-7873. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07000h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic chelating ligands are used as surface passivating agents to fix the defects of the perovskite layers in light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Hsiao
- Department of Photonics
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Chien
- Department of Photonics
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Lu-Syuan Jhuang
- Department of Photonics
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chung Chen
- Department of Photonics
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
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13
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Li B, Li X, Li X, Liu H, Li Z, Xiang G, Liu Y, Zhou T, Fang X, Zhang Z. A simple method to improve the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes via layer-by-layer spin-coating CsPbBr 3 quantum dots. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27201-27206. [PMID: 35539984 PMCID: PMC9083367 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05104f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, all-inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots have become a very promising material for light-emitting diodes. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method, namely, layer-by-layer spin-coating of CsPbBr3 QDs to improve device performance. After optimization of the number of emissive layers, the maximum EQE can be increased from an initial value of 0.69% to 2.31%. Additionally, we inserted a CBP layer between PEDOT:PSS and CsPbBr3 multilayers to balance charge transportation and recombination. As a result, a 37% improvement in EQE (up to 3.16%) and highest luminance of 2629 cd m−2 are obtained. Schematic diagram of perovskite LEDs and EQE–voltage curves of these devices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparation Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Haolin Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Zhaonan Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Guohong Xiang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Taojie Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Xuan Fang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 P. R. China
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14
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Lin C, Chen P, Xiong Z, Liu D, Wang G, Meng Y, Song Q. Interfacial engineering with ultrathin poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) layer for high efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:075203. [PMID: 29210672 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9fa3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted great attention in the field of lighting and display due to their very high color purity and low-cost solution-process. Researchers have done a lot of work in realizing high performance electroluminescent devices. However, the current efficiency (CE) of methyl-ammonium lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still needs to be improved. Herein, we demonstrate the enhanced performance of PeLEDs through introducing an ultrathin poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) buffer layer between poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite. Compared to the reference device without PFO, the optimal device luminous intensity, the maximum CE, and the maximum external quantum efficiency increases from 8139 cd m-2 to 30 150 cd m-2, from 7.20 cd A-1 (at 6.8 V) to 10.05 cd A-1 (at 6.6 V), and from 1.73% to 2.44%, respectively. The ultrathin PFO layer not only reduces the exciton quenching at the interface between the hole-transport layer and emission layer, but also passivates the shallow-trap ensure increasing hole injection, as well as increases the coverage of perovskite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Lin
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China. Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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15
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Gao CH, Ma XJ, Zhang Y, Yu FX, Xiong ZY, Wang ZQ, Wang R, Jia YL, Zhou DY, Xiong ZH. 84% efficiency improvement in all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting diodes assisted by a phosphorescent material. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15698-15702. [PMID: 35539492 PMCID: PMC9080124 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13231j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mixed perovskite emitter layer is applied to design all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with high electroluminescence (EL) performance, by combining CsPbBr3 with iridium(iii)bis[2-(4′,6′-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′]-picolinate (FIrpic), where FIrpic is a phosphorescent material with very high internal quantum efficiency (IQE) approaching 100%. The CsPbBr3:FIrpic PeLEDs show a maximum luminance of 5486 cd m−2, and an external quantum efficiency of 0.47%, which are 1.84 and 1.76 times that of neat CsPbBr3 PeLEDs, respectively. It is found that FIrpic molecules as an assistant dopant can efficiently transmit energy from the excitons of FIrpic to the excited state of the CsPbBr3 emitter via a Förster energy transfer process, leading to enhanced EL efficiency in the CsPbBr3:FIrpic PeLEDs. Remarkable EL performance is achieved in CsPbBr3:FIrpic perovskite light-emitting diodes assisted by a phosphorescent material.![]()
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16
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Chiang KM, Hsu BW, Chang YA, Yang L, Tsai WL, Lin HW. Vacuum-Deposited Organometallic Halide Perovskite Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40516-40522. [PMID: 29076335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a sequential vacuum deposition process of bright, highly crystalline, and smooth methylammonium lead bromide and phenethylammonium lead bromide perovskite thin films are investigated and the first vacuum-deposited organometallic halide perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs) are demonstrated. Exceptionally low refractive indices and extinction coefficients in the emission wavelength range are obtained for these films, which contributed to a high light out-coupling efficiency of the PeLEDs. By utilizing these perovskite thin films as emission layers, the vacuum-deposited PeLEDs exhibit a very narrow saturated green electroluminescence at 531 nm, with a spectral full width at half-maximum bandwidth of 18.6 nm, a promising brightness of up to 6200 cd/m2, a current efficiency of 1.3 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency of 0.36%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ming Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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17
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Wei C, Zhuang J, Zhang D, Guo W, Yang D, Xie Z, Tang J, Su W, Zeng H, Cui Z. Pyridine-Based Electron-Transport Materials with High Solubility, Excellent Film-Forming Ability, and Wettability for Inkjet-Printed OLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38716-38727. [PMID: 28994279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Film morphology has predominant influence on the performance of multilayered organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), whereas there is little reported literature from the angle of the molecular level to investigate the impact on film-forming ability and device performance. In this work, four isomeric cross-linkable electron-transport materials constructed with pyridine, 1,2,4-triazole, and vinylbenzyl ether groups were developed for inkjet-printed OLEDs. Their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (∼3.20 eV) and highest occupied molecular orbital (∼6.50 eV) levels are similar, which are mainly determined by the 1,2,4-triazole groups. The triplet energies of these compounds can be tuned from 2.51 to 2.82 eV by different coupling modes with the core of pyridine, where the 2,6-pyridine-based compound has the highest value of 2.82 eV. Film formation and solubility of the compounds were investigated. It was found that the 2,6-pyridine-based compound outperformed the 2,4-pyridine, 2,5-pyridine, and 3,5-pyridine-based compounds. The spin-coated blue OLEDs based on the four compounds have achieved over 14.0% external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) at the luminance of 100 cd m-2, and a maximum EQE of 12.1% was obtained for the inkjet-printed device with 2,6-pyridine-based compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Wei
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhuang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Zhang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Guo
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Market & Product Planning Department, VOSBU , No. 9 Dize Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhi Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University , 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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18
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Peng XF, Wu XY, Ji XX, Ren J, Wang Q, Li GQ, Yang XH. Modified Conducting Polymer Hole Injection Layer for High-Efficiency Perovskite Light-Emitting Devices: Enhanced Hole Injection and Reduced Luminescence Quenching. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4691-4697. [PMID: 28914543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modification of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with sodium-poly(styrenesulfonate) leads to a ca. 0.3 eV increase in the work function and 15 times enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity of the overlying perovskite layer, which is closely correlated with the formation of a highly PSS-enriched top layer. As a direct result, the hybrid halide perovskite light-emitting devices with a modified PEDOT:PSS layer show the maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.2% and power efficiency of 19.0 lm W-1, which are 14-20 times those of the analogous devices using a pristine PEDOT:PSS layer and among the best reported values for the light-emitting devices using a neat perovskite emission layer. Our results illustrate that insufficient hole injection and luminescence quenching at the PEDOT:PSS anode are among the most important factors limiting the external quantum efficiencies of inverted perovskite light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Institute of Fluid Physics, Mianyang, China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xia-Xia Ji
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715, China
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19
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Maddala S, Mallick S, Venkatakrishnan P. Metal-Free Oxidative C–C Coupling of Arylamines Using a Quinone-Based Organic Oxidant. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8958-8972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Maddala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudesh Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Xing Z, Zhuang J, Wei C, Zhang D, Xie Z, Xu X, Ji S, Tang J, Su W, Cui Z. Inkjet-Printed Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with an Air-Stable Hole Transport Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16351-16359. [PMID: 28417631 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) were fabricated using inkjet printing with a novel cross-linkable hole transport material N,N'-(9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2,7-diylbis[4,1-phenylene])bis(N-phenyl-4'-vinyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine) (SDTF). The cross-linked SDTF film has excellent solvent resistance, high thermal stability, and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of -5.54 eV. The inkjet-printed SDTF film is very smooth and uniform, with roughness as low as 0.37 nm, which is comparable with that of the spin-coated film (0.28 nm). The SDTF films stayed stable without any pinhole or grain even after 2 months in air. All-solution-processed QLEDs were fabricated; the maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.54% was achieved with the inkjet-printed SDTF in air, which is comparable to that of the spin-coated SDTF in a glove box (5.33%). Electrical stabilities of both spin-coated and inkjet-printed SDTF at the device level were also investigated and both showed a similar lifetime. The study demonstrated that SDTF is very promising as a printable hole transport material for making QLEDs using inkjet printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xing
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhuang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Changting Wei
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Zhang
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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