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Muscarella L, Hutter EM, Sanchez S, Dieleman CD, Savenije TJ, Hagfeldt A, Saliba M, Ehrler B. Crystal Orientation and Grain Size: Do They Determine Optoelectronic Properties of MAPbI 3 Perovskite? J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6010-6018. [PMID: 31542932 PMCID: PMC6801854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing large, oriented grains of perovskite often leads to efficient devices, but it is unclear if properties of the grains are responsible for the efficiency. Domains observed in SEM are commonly misidentified with crystallographic grains, but SEM images do not provide diffraction information. We study methylammoinium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films fabricated via flash infrared annealing (FIRA) and the conventional antisolvent (AS) method by measuring grain size and orientation using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and studying how these affect optoelectronic properties such as local photoluminescence (PL), charge carrier lifetimes, and mobilities. We observe a local enhancement and shift of the PL emission at different regions of the FIRA clusters, but we observe no effect of crystal orientation on the optoelectronic properties. Additionally, despite substantial differences in grain size between the two systems, we find similar optoelectronic properties. These findings show that optoelectronic quality is not necessarily related to the orientation and size of crystalline domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta
A. Muscarella
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Hutter
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Sanchez
- Laboratory
of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian D. Dieleman
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory
of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute
of Materials Science Technical, University
of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse
2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- IEK-5
Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Wang S, Liu G, Wang L. Crystal Facet Engineering of Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5192-5247. [PMID: 30875200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for solar-driven hydrogen production with zero emissions, and it has been intensively studied over the past decades. However, the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies of the current PEC systems are still far from the 10% target needed for practical application. The development of efficient photoelectrodes in PEC systems holds the key to achieving high STH efficiencies. In recent years, crystal facet engineering has emerged as an important strategy in designing efficient photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, which has yet to be comprehensively reviewed and is the main focus of this article. After the Introduction, the second section of this review concisely introduces the mechanisms of crystal facet engineering. The subsequent section provides a snapshot of the unique facet-dependent properties of some semiconductor crystals including surface electronic structures, redox reaction sites, surface built-in electric fields, molecular adsorption, photoreaction activity, photocorrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity. Then, the methods for fabricating photoelectrodes with faceted semiconductor crystals are reviewed, with a focus on the preparation processes. In addition, the notable advantages of the crystal facet engineering of photoelectrodes in terms of light harvesting, charge separation and transfer, and surface reactions are critically discussed. This is followed by a systematic overview of the modification strategies of faceted photoelectrodes to further enhance the PEC performance. The last section summarizes the major challenges and some invigorating perspectives for future research on crystal facet engineered photoelectrodes, which are believed to play a vital role in promoting the development of this important research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcan Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , 72 Wenhua Road , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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3
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Wang H, Cheng G, Xie J, Zhao S, Qin M, Chan CCS, Qiu Y, Chen G, Duan C, Wong KS, Wang J, Lu X, Xu J, Yan K. Bulk Heterojunction Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cell with 1.18 V High Photovoltage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2935-2943. [PMID: 30585488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent quasi-two-dimensional perovskites (Q-2DPs) have efficient luminescence and improved stability, which are highly desirable for light-emitting diode and perovskite solar cell (PSC). However, the lack of radiative recombination at room temperature is still not well understood and the performance of PSC is not good enough as well. The open-circuit voltage ( VOC) is even lower than that of three-dimensional (3D) PSC with a narrower band gap. In this work, we study the energy transfer of excitons between their multiple components by time-resolved photoluminescence and find that charge transfer from high-energy states to low-energy state is gradually suppressed during elevating temperature owing to trap-mediated recombination. This may reveal the bottleneck of luminescence at room temperature in Q-2DPs, leading to large photovoltage loss in 2D PSC. Therefore, we develop a p-i-n bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure to reduce the nonradiative recombination and obtain high VOC of 1.18 V for (PMA)2MA4Pb5I15Cl (33.3% PMA) BHJ device, much higher than that of the planar counterparts. The enhanced efficiency is attributed to the improved exciton dissociation via BHJ interface. Our results provide an important step toward high VOC and stable 2D PSCs, which could be used for tandem solar cell and colorful photovoltaic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Christopher C S Chan
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | - Yongcai Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Guangxu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | - Jiannong Wang
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Keyou Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
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4
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Foley BJ, Cuthriell S, Yazdi S, Chen AZ, Guthrie SM, Deng X, Giri G, Lee SH, Xiao K, Doughty B, Ma YZ, Choi JJ. Impact of Crystallographic Orientation Disorders on Electronic Heterogeneities in Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6271-6278. [PMID: 30216078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite thin films have achieved remarkable performance in optoelectronic devices but suffer from spatial heterogeneity in their electronic properties. To achieve higher device performance and reliability needed for widespread commercial deployment, spatial heterogeneity of optoelectronic properties in the perovskite thin film needs to be understood and controlled. Clear identification of the causes underlying this heterogeneity, most importantly the spatial heterogeneity in charge trapping behavior, has remained elusive. Here, a multimodal imaging approach consisting of photoluminescence, optical transmission, and atomic force microscopy is utilized to separate electronic heterogeneity from morphology variations in perovskite thin films. By comparing the degree of heterogeneity in highly oriented and randomly oriented polycrystalline perovskite thin film samples, we reveal that disorders in the crystallographic orientation of the grains play a dominant role in determining charge trapping and electronic heterogeneity. This work also demonstrates a polycrystalline thin film with uniform charge trapping behavior by minimizing crystallographic orientation disorder. These results suggest that single crystals may not be required for perovskite thin film based optoelectronic devices to reach their full potential.
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Gao Y, Huang C, Hao C, Sun S, Zhang L, Zhang C, Duan Z, Wang K, Jin Z, Zhang N, Kildishev AV, Qiu CW, Song Q, Xiao S. Lead Halide Perovskite Nanostructures for Dynamic Color Display. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8847-8854. [PMID: 30112908 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprint-based color display using either extrinsic structural colors or intrinsic emission colors is a rapidly emerging research field for high-density information storage. Nevertheless, advanced applications, e. g., dynamic full-color display and secure information encryption, call for demanding requirements on in situ color change, nonvacuum operation, prompt response, and favorable reusability. By transplanting the concept of electrical/chemical doping in the semiconductor industry, we demonstrate an in situ reversible color nanoprinting paradigm via photon doping, triggered by the interplay of structural colors and photon emission of lead halide perovskite gratings. It solves the aforementioned challenges at one go. By controlling the pumping light, the synergy between interlaced mechanisms enables color tuning over a large range with a transition time on the nanosecond scale in a nonvacuum environment. Our design presents a promising realization of in situ dynamic color nanoprinting and will empower the advances in structural color and classified nanoprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Can Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chenglong Hao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Shang Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zonghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhongwei Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Alexander V Kildishev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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6
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Long M, Zhang T, Liu M, Chen Z, Wang C, Xie W, Xie F, Chen J, Li G, Xu J. Abnormal Synergetic Effect of Organic and Halide Ions on the Stability and Optoelectronic Properties of a Mixed Perovskite via In Situ Characterizations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801562. [PMID: 29797364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mixed cation lead mixed halide perovskite (MLMP) Csx FA1-x PbIy Br3-y is one of the most promising candidates for both single-junction and tandem solar cells due to its high efficiency and remarkable stability. However, the composition effect on thermal stability and photovoltaic performances has not yet been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, the interplay between composition, crystal structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties under heat stress, is systematically elucidated here through a series of in situ characterizations. It is revealed for the first time that the FA+ and Br- release synchronously at first even under mild annealing. This leads to a serious FA- and Br-deficiency issue, with only 88.3% of Br and 90.2% of FA retained after annealing at 100 °C, which significantly magnifies the hysteresis, phase segregation, and instability issues. Finally, a trace amount of FA+ and Br- is introduced onto the post-annealed MLMP surface to compensate for the deficiency through vacancy filling. The degradation lifetime to 80% of the initial efficiency (t80 ) is improved from 504 to 1056 h and the hysteresis issue is also well resolved. This work highlights the importance of the synergetic composition effect of the organic cation and halide anion on stability and efficiency optimization for long-term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Long
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Weiguang Xie
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Fangyan Xie
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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7
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Zhou W, Zhou P, Lei X, Fang Z, Zhang M, Liu Q, Chen T, Zeng H, Ding L, Zhu J, Dai S, Yang S. Phase Engineering of Perovskite Materials for High-Efficiency Solar Cells: Rapid Conversion of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 to Phase-Pure CH 3NH 3PbCl 3 via Hydrochloric Acid Vapor Annealing Post-Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1897-1908. [PMID: 29271198 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) has been commonly used as the light absorber layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and, especially, another halide element chlorine (Cl) has been often incorporated to assist the crystallization of perovskite film. However, in most cases, a predominant MAPbI3 phase with trace of Cl- is obtained ultimately and the role of Cl involvement remains unclear. Herein, we develop a low-cost and facile method, named hydrochloric acid vapor annealing (HAVA) post-treatment, and realize a rapid conversion of MAPbI3 to phase-pure MAPbCl3, demonstrating a new concept of phase engineering of perovskite materials toward efficiency enhancement of PSCs for the first time. The average grain size of perovskite film after HAVA post-treatment increases remarkably through an Ostwald ripening process, leading to a denser and smoother perovskite film with reduced trap states and enhanced crystallinity. More importantly, the generation of MAPbCl3 secondary phase via phase engineering is beneficial for improving the carrier mobility with a more balanced carrier transport rate and enlarging the band gap of perovskite film along with optimized energy level alignment. As a result, under the optimized HAVA post-treatment time (2 min), we achieved a significant enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the MAPbI3-based planar heterojunction-PSC device from 14.02 to 17.40% (the highest PCE reaches 18.45%) with greatly suppressed hysteresis of the current-voltage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xunyong Lei
- ICQD, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhimin Fang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hualing Zeng
- ICQD, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liming Ding
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory of Special Display Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
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