Antimosquito Activity of a Titanium-Organic Framework Supported on Fabrics

Functionalization strategy of carboxymethyl cotton gauze fabrics with zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) as a recyclable material for biomedical applications

The accumulation of uremic toxins in the human body poses a deadly risk because it causes chronic kidney disease. To increase the effectiveness of hemodialysis and raise the survival rate, these toxins must be effectively removed from the bloodstream. Developing effective materials for removing these dangerous substances requires a thorough understanding of the interactions between an adsorbent and the uremic toxins. Thankfully, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown considerable promise for the identification and treatment of kidney disorders. Herein, cotton gauze fabrics (CGF) were carboxylated using monochloroacetic acid to produce carboxymethylated cotton gauze fabrics (CM-CGF). CM-CGF was subsequently decorated in situ with zeolitic imidazolate framework-67, resulting in carboxymethylated cotton gauze fabrics-zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (CM-CGF-ZIF). The CGF, CM-CGF, and CM-CGF-ZIF were evaluated for potential kidney applications by removing uric acid and creatinine from mimic blood. The results showed that CM-CGF-ZIF had the highest adsorption of uric acid and creatinine. The maximum adsorption capacity of uric acid and creatinine was 164 and 222 mg/g for CM-CGF-ZIF, respectively, compared to 45 and 67 mg/g for CGF. CM-CGF-ZIF showed excellent antibacterial activity, good antifungal activity, low cytotoxicity, and a satisfactory level of blood compatibility.

Recent advances and potential applications for metal-organic framework (MOFs) and MOFs-derived materials: Characterizations and antimicrobial activities

Microbial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens, pose a critical global health threat. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), porous crystalline structures built from metal ions and organic linkers, initially developed for gas adsorption, have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. This review, covering research up to 2023, explores the potential of MOFs and MOF-based materials as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even parasites. It delves into the historical context of antimicrobial agents, recent advancements in MOF research, and the diverse synthesis techniques employed for their production. Furthermore, the review comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms of action by which MOFs combat various microbial threats. By highlighting the vast potential of MOFs, their diverse synthesis methods, and their effectiveness against various pathogens, this study underscores their potential as a novel solution to the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance.

Involvement of silver and palladium with red peanuts skin extract for cotton functionalization

A systematic study is currently demonstrated approach for approving the superior role of silver and palladium metallic particles in acting the role of mordant with acquiring the dyed cotton fabrics excellence in color fastness with additional functions of antimicrobial potentiality and UV-protection action. Whereas, samples were dyed with extract of red peanuts skin as natural textile colorant (RPN dye). The represented data revealed that, in absence of mordant, the samples treated with metal precursors prior to dyeing were exhibited with the excellent color strength, color fastness, antimicrobial action and UV-protection action. Color fastness (washing, rubbing and light fastness) was estimated to be in the range of very good-excellent. Sample pretreated with silver salt and dyed in the absence of mordant was graded with excellent UV-protection action (UPF 31.5, UVB T% 2.6% and UVB blocking percent 97.4%). Antimicrobial potency against E. coli, S. aureus and Candida albicans through inhibition zone and the reduction percent was approved to be in the range of excellence (93.01-99.51%) for the samples dyed in absence of mordant and pretreated with either silver or palladium precursors.

Metal-organic frameworks/cellulose hybrids with their modern technological implementation towards water treatment

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are amongst the most attractive porous polymeric networks with appealing properties. However, their inherent fragility, powder nature, low processibility, and handling present some exceptional challenges for high-tech commercial applications. Currently, economic and environmental concerns drive the development of some bioinspired polymeric matrices containing MOFs. As an artifact, the availability of previously unattainable properties is negotiated by conjugating cellulosic materials with crystalline MOFs. Thus, multi-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid composites are formed with high electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal features. These MOF/cellulose hybrids, known as CelloMOFs (cellulose MOFs), have remarkable mechanical properties with tunable porosities, specific surface area and accessible active sites, making them ideal for real-world troubleshooting applications such as wastewater treatment, chemical sensing, energy storage, and so on. In this review, current state-of-the-art strategic synthesis routes for fabrication of MOF/cellulose composites with a specific focus on CelloMOFs as a potential tool for mitigation of the targeted emerging water contaminants have been done under the same umbrella, which has previously been less explored. Streamlining discussions on general properties such as raw material selection, structural analysis of cellulose, availability of surface functional groups, cellulose-metal node interactions, cellulose charging, and so on have been emphasized, as has integration with robust MOFs. A better understanding of these fundamental properties is critical because they will have a significant impact on the performance of MOF/cellulose composites in a variety of applications. Furthermore, at the end of this review, the challenges and perspectives of using CelloMOFs have been discussed in a concise manner in order to improve their practical utility rather than just concept mapping.

A simple, environmental-friendly and reliable d-SPE method using amino-containing metal-organic framework MIL-125-NH2 to determine pesticide residues in pomelo samples from different localities

A simple, environmentally-friendly and reliable method was developed to simultaneously monitor the residue of methyl 1-naphthalene acetate, parathion-methyl, fenitrothion, bromophos and phenthoate in pomelo by using dispersive solid-phase extraction technique (d-SPE). In this method, these target analytes were captured by MIL-125-NH₂ and detected by GC-MS/MS. The key parameters of d-SPE were optimized by the single factor experiment. Under the optimized conditions, a good determination coefficient (R² > 0.9922) and extraction recoveries (64.7-116.8%) are obtained. The limit of detections (0.03-1.07 ng/g) is lower than the MRLs in citrus fruits established by EU (10-15000 ng/g) and China (10-10000 ng/g). The precisions of intra-day and inter-day are 1.3-8.9% and 3.8-14.9%, respectively. In addition, the sorbent MIL-125-NH₂ is stable and can be reused at least eight times. These results prove the established method is efficient and reliable to detect the pesticide residues in pomelo.

Phytic Acid Doped Polyaniline as a Binding Coating Promoting Growth of Prussian Blue on Cotton Fibers for Adsorption of Copper Ions

In recent years, the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater has become an important topic due to rapid industrialization, and it is of considerable interest to develop renewable and degradable materials for this purpose. In this work, a novel Prussian blue/polyaniline@cotton fibers (PB/PANI@CFs) composite was fabricated by a two-step process. Phytic acid doped PANI as a binding coating greatly promoted both the growth of PB and the adsorption of Cu2+. The deposition ratio of PB was as high as 24.68%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed that PB nanoparticles were grown more uniformly in the composite and formed a perfect nanocube structure compared with PB@CFs. The successful deposition of both PB and PANI on CFs was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of adsorption time, adsorbent dose, initial pH value, and initial copper sulphate concentration on the adsorption of PB/PANI@CFs composite for Cu2+ was studied by static adsorption and was compared with those of PANI@CFs and PB@CFs. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of Cu2+ by PB/PANI@CFs can reach 93.4% within 5 h, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+ can reach 31.93 mg·g−1. The adsorption of Cu2+ on PB/PANI@CFs followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model and conformed to the Freundlich adsorption isothermal model. The PB-functionalized CFs provided new insights into the design of efficient and low-cost absorbents for heavy metal remediation. The proposed process solves two problems simultaneously, i.e., the utilization of environmentally friendly and biodegradable biomass resources and the adsorption of heavy metal ions, and is a good approach to achieve high-quality and sustainable development.

Methyl Orange-Doped Polypyrrole Promoting Growth of ZIF-8 on Cellulose Fiber with Tunable Tribopolarity for Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Cellulose fiber (CelF) is a biodegradable and renewable material with excellent performance but negligible triboelectric polarizability. Methods to enhance and rationally tune the triboelectric properties of CelF are needed to further its application for energy harvesting. In this work, methyl-orange-doped polypyrrole (MO-PPy) was in situ coated on CelF as a mediating layer to promote the growth of metal–organic framework ZIF-8 and to construct a cellulose-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The results showed that a small amount of MO-PPy generated in situ significantly promoted the growth of ZIF-8 on CelF, and the ZIF-8 deposition ratio was able to increase from 7.8% (ZIF-8/CelF) to 31.8% (ZIF-8/MO-PPy@CelF). ZIF-8/MO-PPy@CelF remained electrically conductive and became triboelectrically positive, and the triboelectricity’s positivity was improved with the increase in the ZIF-8 deposition ratio. The cellulose-based TENG constructed with ZIF-8/MO-PPy@CelF (31.8% ZIF-8 deposition ratio) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) could generate a transfer charge of 47.4 nC, open-circuit voltage of 129 V and short-circuit current of 6.8 μA—about 4 times higher than those of ZIF-8/CelF (7.8% ZIF-8 deposition ratio)—and had excellent cycling stability (open-circuit voltage remained almost constant after 10,000 cycles). MO-PPy not only greatly facilitated the growth of ZIF-8 on CelF, but also acted as an electrode active phase for TENG. The novel TENG based on ZIF-8/MO-PPy@CelF composite has cheerful prospects in many applications, such as self-powered supercapacitors, sensors and monitors, smart pianos, ping-pong tables, floor mats, etc.

De-Doped Polyaniline as a Mediating Layer Promoting In-Situ Growth of Metal-Organic Frameworks on Cellulose Fiber and Enhancing Adsorptive-Photocatalytic Removal of Ciprofloxacin

New kinds of inorganic–organic hybrid porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have shown great application potential in various fields, but their powdery nature limits their application to a certain extent. As a green and renewable biomass material in nature, cellulose fiber (CelF) has the advantages of biodegradability, recyclability and easy processing, and can be used as an excellent flexible substrate for MOFs. However, the efficient deposition of MOFs on CelF is still a great challenge for the development of this new material. Herein, polyaniline (PANI) and de-doped PANI (DPANI) with rich functional groups as a mediating layer was proposed to promote the in-situ growth and immobilization of some MOFs on CelF. The PANI (especially DPANI) layer greatly promoted the deposition of the four MOFs, and more encouragingly, significantly promoted the in-situ growth and nanocrystallization of MIL-100(Fe). MIL-100(Fe)@DPANI@CelF was selected as an adsorbent-photocatalyst to be used for the adsorptive-photocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. The removal efficiency of CIP by MIL-100(Fe)@DPANI@CelF reached 82.78%, and the removal capacity of CIP was as high as 105.96 mg g⁻¹. The study found that DPANI had a synergistic effect on both the in-situ growth of MIL-100(Fe) on CelF and the adsorption-photocatalysis of CIP in water. The universal platform of PANI-mediated in-situ growth and immobilization of MOFs on CelF constructed in this study widens the road for the development of MOF@CelF composites.

NH2-MIL-125(Ti) doped CdS/Graphene composite as electro and photo catalyst in basic medium under light irradiation

The development of active electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and for environmental remediation is a huge challenge. Research is still underway on the development of low-cost catalytic materials with appreciable efficiency for HER. In the present study, a composite of metal organic framework (MOF) with CdS and graphene (NH₂-MIL-125(Ti)/CdS-graphene) composites were developed with different loadings of graphene material via solvothermal technique. Further the electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts were investigated for HER and photocatalytic degradation of dye. Results show that the synthesized catalyst with a less amount of graphene was more active. HER results showed a less Tafel slope of 70.8 and 61.9 mVdec^-1 with 15.6 mA/cm² and 15.46 mA/cm² current densities under light on and off conditions. Further the dye degradation activity of the synthesized catalysts was tested with Rhodamine B dye and results showed that the catalyst showed excellent activity for low weight loading of graphene with a degradation efficiency of 95 % and followed pseudo first order kinetic model. Overall results showed that the synthesized composites are promising for HER and photocatalytic applications.

Technical textiles modified with immobilized carbon dots synthesized with infrared assistance

Carbon quantum dots "CQDs" were investigated as photo-luminescent nanomaterials as it advantageous with nontoxicity to be alternative for metallic-nanomaterials in different purposes. Therefore, the presented report demonstrates an innovative strategy for industrialization of antimicrobial/fluorescent cotton textiles via exploitation of "CQDs". Unique/novel infrared-assisted technique was currently investigated for clustering "CQDs" form carboxymethyl cellulose. The successive nucleation of "CQDs" (8.0 nm) was affirmed via infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, TEM and Zeta-potential analysis. The clustered "CQDs" showed antimicrobial and fluorescent characters. The minimal inhibition concentration for "CQDs" (100 mg/mL) against E. coli and C. albicans showed pathogenic reduction of 96% and 82%, respectively. Fluorescent emission spectra for "CQDs" showed two intense peaks at 415-445 nm. "CQDs" were loaded upon pristine and cationized cotton to prepare CQDs@cotton and CQDs@cationized cotton. While, their physical/mechanical properties (air and water vapor permeabilities, tensile strength and elongation %) and thermal stability (TGA & DTG analysis) were studied. The CQDs@cationized cotton exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity with good durability as after ten repretitive washings, inhibition zone diameter against E. coli, was diminished from 21.0 mm to 14.0 mm. The fluorescent emmision intensity was diminished from 741 to 287 after 10 washing cycles. The produced cotton fabrics could be safely used in the medical and military textiles.

Introducing reticular chemistry into agrochemistry

For survival and quality of life, human society has sought more productive, precise, and sustainable agriculture. Agrochemistry, which solves farming issues in a chemical manner, is the core engine that drives the evolution of modern agriculture. To date, agrochemistry has utilized chemical technologies in the form of pesticides, fertilizers, veterinary drugs and various functional materials to meet fundamental demands from human society, while increasing the socio-ecological consequences due to inefficient use. Thus, more useful, precise, and designable scaffolding materials are required to support sustainable agrochemistry. Reticular chemistry, which weaves molecular units into frameworks, has been applied in many fields based on two cutting-edge porous framework materials, namely metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs). With flexibility in composition, structure, and pore chemistry, MOFs and COFs have shown increasing functionalities associated with agrochemistry in the last decade, potentially introducing reticular chemistry as a highly accessible chemical toolbox into agrochemical technologies. In this critical review, we will demonstrate how reticular chemistry shapes the future of agrochemistry in the fields of farm sensing, agro-ecological preservation and reutilization, agrochemical formulations, smart indoor farming, agrobiotechnology, and beyond.

Structure and Properties of Polyamide Fabrics with Insect-Repellent Functionality by Electrospinning and Oxygen Plasma-Treated Surface Coating

The need for light-weight and high-strength insect-repellant fabrics is of critical importance to the cessation of viral diseases. The goal of the study is to investigate the structure and properties of insect-repellent polyamide fabrics for use in protective garments to guard against mosquitos. Permethrin was applied to the polyamide fabrics through incorporation into the nylon 6 polymer solution during electrospinning and dip coating onto the control untreated and oxygen plasma-treated polyamide fabrics: electropun nylon 6 nanofiber nonwovens, commercially available nylon 6 warp knit tricot, and nylon 66 double weft, knit interlock fabrics. The incorporation of permethrin into the polymer solution before the formation of fibers demonstrated the most efficient way to apply permethrin to the fiber/fabric systems. The plasma treatment significantly increased the amount of permethrin on the surface of the fabrics. All permethrin-containing polyamide fabrics showed excellent fastness of the insecticide to light. The electrospun nylon 6 nonwovens demonstrated the best fastness to washing among the plasma-treated electrospun nylon 6, nylon 66 double weft knit, and nylon 6 warp-knit tricot. All permethrin-treated fabrics were repellent and caused higher percentage of mosquito escape compared to the control untreated fabrics.

An Ag-loaded photoactive nano-metal organic framework as a promising biofilm treatment

Surface biofilm inhibition is still currently a considerable challenge. Among other organisms, Staphylococcus aureus is notable for its ability to form a strong biofilm with proved resistance to chemotherapy. Contamination of high-touch surfaces with S. aureus biofilm not only promotes disease spread but also generates tremendous health-associated costs. Therefore, development of new bactericidal and antiadhesive surface coatings is a priority. Considering that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as promising antibacterial agents, we originally report here the synthesis of a multi-active silver-containing nanoscaled MOF composite as a potential surface coating against S. aureus biofilm owing to a triple effect: intrinsic bactericide activity of the MOF, biocidal character of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and photoactivity after UVA irradiation. AgNPs were successfully entrapped within the benchmarked nanoscaled porous photoactive titanium(IV) aminoterephthalate MIL-125(Ti)NH₂ using a simple and efficient impregnation-reduction method. After complete characterization of the composite thin film, its antibacterial and anti-adherent properties were fully evaluated. After UVA irradiation, the composite coating exhibited relevant bacterial inhibition and detachment, improved ligand-to-cluster charge transfer, and steady controlled delivery of Ag⁺. These promising results establish the potential of this composite as an active coating for biofilm treatment on high-touch surfaces (e.g., surgical devices, door knobs, and rail bars). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface contamination due to bacterial biofilm formation is still a demanding issue, as it causes severe disease spread. One possible solution is the development of antifouling and antibacterial surface coatings. In this work, we originally propose the use of photoactive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for biofilm treatment. The novelty of this work relies on the following: i) the treatment of strongly contaminated surfaces, as previous studies with MOFs have exclusively addressed biofilm prevention; ii) this pioneering work reports both antiadherent effect, which removes the biofilm, and bacterial inhibition; iii) our original successful strategy has never been proposed thus far, involving the multi-active combination of 1) intrinsic antibacterial effect of a photoactive titanium-based nanoMOF, 2) immobilization of biocide silver nanoparticles, and 3) improved anti-bioadherent effect upon irradiation of the composite coating.

Antimicrobial cellulosic textiles based on organic compounds

Healthy body is one of the principle requirements of human beings, but the highly rated growth of harmful pathogens has challenged researchers for investigation of antimicrobial reagents. Infection of textile materials is a result of microbial adherence on the surface, and it is one of the vital clinical complications, which causes a high rate of mortality. New challenges as well as new opportunities in manufacturing of antimicrobial cellulosic textiles are the future concerns for textile and apparel industry. The major applications of antimicrobial textile could be ascribed according consumer demands, represented in more comfort, easy care, health, and durable to laundering. Such numerous properties could be achieved by the development of innovative methodologies with various finishing agents. Thus, the current review introduced an overview for the application of recent organic antimicrobial reagents in cellulosic textile finishing. The organic reagents are classified into two main categories; natural (chitosan, cyclodextrins and natural dyes) and synthetic (quaternary ammonium salts, triclosan, halogenated phenols and metal organic frameworks). The interaction between cellulose and such reagents, biological action mechanisms and factors affecting biocidal actions are all presented. For improvement of the durability and mechanical properties, pre-activation of cellulosic textile or using of cross-linkers is properly performed.

The chemistry of titanium-based metal–organic frameworks

The chemistry of Ti-based MOFs, including their synthetic methods, crystal structures, topological evaluation, and promising applications, is precisely summarized and discussed.