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Tzitzilis D, Tsekeridis C, Ntakoumis I, Papadopoulos P. Transition of Liquid Drops on Microstructured Hygrophobic Surfaces from the Impaled Wenzel State to the "Fakir" Cassie-Baxter State. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38825812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Low adhesion of liquids on solid surfaces can be achieved with protrusions that minimize the contact area between the liquid and the solid. The wetting state where an air cushion forms under the drop is known as the Cassie-Baxter state. Surfaces where liquids form macroscopic contact angles above 150° are called superhydrophobic and superhygrophobic, if we refer to water or any liquid, respectively. The Cassie state is desirable for applications, but it is usually unstable compared to the Wenzel state, where the drop is in direct contact with the rough surface. The Cassie-to-Wenzel transition can be triggered by an increase in pressure and vibrations, but the inverse Wenzel-to-Cassie is much more difficult to observe. Here, we examine under what conditions the Wenzel-to-Cassie transition is triggered when the microscopic contact angle changes abruptly. For this, we applied a lubricant of low surface tension around drops that were in the Wenzel state on microstructured surfaces. The increase of the microscopic contact angle lifted the drop from the rough surface, when the pillar height and spacing are large and small, respectively. Numerical calculations for the drop-lubricant interface showed that the surface geometry requirements for the Wenzel-to-Cassie transition are stricter than the ones for the stability of the Cassie state. A surface geometry where the Cassie state is more stable than the Wenzel for a given Laplace pressure of the drop may not always allow the Wenzel-to-Cassie transition to take place. Therefore, the stability of the Cassie state is a necessary but insufficient condition for the inverse transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioannis Ntakoumis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Periklis Papadopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- University Research Center of Ioannina, Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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2
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Chen Y, Hu Y, Zhang LW. Effective Underwater Drag Reduction: A Butterfly Wing Scale-Inspired Superhydrophobic Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26954-26964. [PMID: 38713183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The microstructured superhydrophobic surface serves as an alternative strategy to decrease resistance of underwater vehicles, but the sustainment of an entrapped air layer and the stability of the corresponding gas-liquid interface within textures in flow shear or high pressure are still a great challenge. Inspired by the scales of Parantica melaneus wings, we propose a biomimetic surface with a hierarchical structure featuring longitudinal ridges and regular cavities that firmly pin the gas-liquid interface. The drag reduction rate of the Butterfly Wing Scale-Like Surface (BWSLS) demonstrates a noticeable rise over the single-scale textured mainstream biomimetic surfaces at moderate Reynolds numbers. The superior drag reduction mechanism is revealed as the synergistic effect of a thicker gas film and a more pronounced secondary vortex within the hierarchical textures. The former reduces the velocity gradient near the surface, while the latter decreases the vorticity and energy dissipation. In a high hydrostatic pressure environment, the proposed surface also demonstrates significant stability of the gas-liquid interface, with a gas coverage rate of over 67% during the cyclic loading, surpassing single-structured surfaces. Our study suggests promising surface designs for optimal drag reduction by mimicking and leveraging diverse surfaces of organisms adapted to oceanic climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Li H, Xin L, Gao J, Shao Y, Zhang Z, Ren L. Underwater Bionic Self-Healing Superhydrophobic Coating with the Synergetic Effect Of Hydrogen Bonds and Self-Formed Bubbles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309012. [PMID: 38178643 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The self-healing ability of superhydrophobic surfaces in air has attracted tremendous additions in recent years. Once the superhydrophobic surface is damaged underwater, water seeps into gaps among micro/nano structures. The air film diffuses into water and eventually disappears during immersion without actively replenishing the gas, which results in the impossible of self-healing. Here, an underwater self-healing superhydrophobic coating with the synergetic effect of hydrogen bonds and self-formed bubbles via the spraying method is fabricated. The movement of hydrogen bonds of the prepared polyurethane enables microstructures to reconstruct at room temperature and self-formed bubbles of effervescent materials underwater actively replenish gas before microstructures completely self-healing, achieving the self-healing property of the superhydrophobic coating. Moreover, the hydrophilic effervescent material is sprayed along with unmodified micron-scaled particles because modified nano-scale particles are key factors for the realization of superhydrophobic coating. An underwater stable superhydrophobic surface with pressure resistance (4.9 kPa) is demonstrated. This superhydrophobic coating also shows excellent drag reduction, anti-icing, and anti-corrosion properties. This facile and scalable method offers a new route that an underwater self-healing superhydrophobic coating executes the gas film recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education) and College of Bionic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education) and College of Bionic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education) and College of Bionic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, P.R. China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education) and College of Bionic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130025, P.R. China
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4
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Qiao S, Cai C, Pan C, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Study on the Performance of a Surface with Coupled Wettability Difference and Convex-Stripe Array for Improved Air Layer Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4940-4952. [PMID: 38378438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The existence of an air layer reduces friction drag on superhydrophobic surfaces. Therefore, improving the air layer stability of superhydrophobic surfaces holds immense significance in reducing both energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by friction drag. Based on the properties of mathematical discretization and the contact angle hysteresis generated by the wettability difference, a surface coupled with a wettability difference treatment and a convex-stripe array is developed by laser engraving and fluorine modification, and its performance in improving the air layer stability is experimentally studied in a von Kármán swirling flow field. The results show that the destabilization of the air layer is mainly caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, which is triggered by the density difference between gas and liquid, as well as the tangential velocity difference between gas and liquid. When the air layer is relatively thin, tangential wave destabilization occurs, whereas for larger thicknesses, the destabilization mode is coupled wave destabilization. The maximum Reynolds number that keeps the air layer fully covering the surface of the rotating disk (with drag reduction performance) during the disk rotation process is defined as the critical Reynolds number (Rec), which is 1.62 × 105 for the uniform superhydrophobic surface and 3.24 × 105 for the superhydrophobic surface with a convex stripe on the outermost ring (SCSSP). Individual treatments of wettability difference and a convex-stripe array on the SCSSP further improve the air layer stability, but Rec remains at 3.24 × 105. Finally, the coupling of the wettability difference treatment with a convex-stripe array significantly improves the air layer stability, resulting in an increase of Rec to 4.05 × 105, and the drag reduction rate stably maintained around 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chujiang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aircraft and Propulsion Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Chong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Aircraft and Propulsion Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Zhong X, Xie S, Guo Z. The Challenge of Superhydrophobicity: Environmentally Facilitated Cassie-Wenzel Transitions and Structural Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305961. [PMID: 38145324 PMCID: PMC10933658 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic materials can be used in various fields to optimize production and life due to their unique surface wetting properties. However, under certain pressure and perturbation conditions, the droplets deposited on superhydrophobic materials are prone to change from Cassie state to Wenzel state, which limits the practical applications of the materials. In recent years, a large number of works have investigated the transition behavior, transition mechanism, and influencing factors of the wetting transition that occurs when a superhydrophobic surface is under a series of external environments. Based on these works, in this paper, the phenomenon and kinetic behavior of the destruction of the Cassie state and the mechanism of the wetting transition are systematically summarized under external conditions that promote the wetting transition on the material surface, including pressure, impact, evaporation, vibration, and electric wetting. In addition, superhydrophobic surface morphology has been shown to directly affect the duration of the Cassie state. Based on the published work the effects of specific morphology on the Cassie state, including structural size, structural shape, and structural level, are summarized in this paper from theoretical analyses and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Shangzhen Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
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6
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Han X, Liu J, Wang M, Upmanyu M, Wang H. Second-Level Microgroove Convexity is Critical for Air Plastron Restoration on Immersed Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52524-52534. [PMID: 36373889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air plastrons trapped on the surfaces of underwater superhydrophobic surfaces are critical for their function. Fibrillar morphologies offer a natural pathway, yet they are limited to a narrow range of liquid-surface systems and are vulnerable to pressure fluctuations that irreversibly destroy the air layer plastron. Inspired by the convexly grooved bases of water fern (Salvinia) leaves that support their fibrous outgrowths, we focus on the effect of such second-level grooved structures or microgrooves on the plastron restoration on immersed three-dimensional (3D)-printed hierarchical surfaces. Elliptical, interconnected microgrooves are fabricated with varying surface curvatures to study the effect of their morphology. Immersion experiments reveal that the convex groove curvature stabilizes a seed gas layer (SGL) that facilitates plastron restoration for all immersed hydrophobic surfaces. Theoretical calculations and atomic-scale computations reveal that the SGL storage capacity that sets the SGL robustness follows from the liquid menisci adaption to the groove geometry and pressure, from micro- to nanoscales, and it can be further tuned using separated grooves. Our study highlights groove convexity as a key morphological feature for the design of second-level architectures for underwater air plastron restoration on hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Moneesh Upmanyu
- Group for Simulation and Theory of Atomic-Scale Material Phenomena (stAMP), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
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7
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Rawlinson JM, Cox HJ, Hopkins G, Cahill P, Badyal JPS. Nature-Inspired Trapped Air Cushion Surfaces for Environmentally Sustainable Antibiofouling. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Varghese B, Sathian SP. Nanoscale gas accumulation at solid-liquid interfaces: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22298-22308. [PMID: 36098219 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of the interfacial gas enrichment layer at the solid-liquid interface is coupled with the stability of surface nanobubbles. Depending upon the concentration of gas molecules, solid-liquid-gas interaction strengths, and other thermodynamic parameters, gas molecules can take several different forms such as dense gas layer, bulk and surface nanobubble, and other gaseous domains. Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the characteristics of gas accumulation into a dense gas layer, surface nanobubble and local gas aggregation at the graphene-water interface with no pinning sites. We find that gas molecules can migrate over the solid surface and can collect together to take the morphological form of a surface nanobubble. The developed nanobubble is mobile and can move over the homogeneous hydrophobic solid surface without losing its shape. We find that the gas adsorption on surfaces in the presence of a solvent is strongly affected by the wetting characteristics of the solid. In the absence of a solvent, gas adsorption is found to be universal for all surface types. Individual gas adsorption is found to be prominent and occurs in a short period, and is essential for the stability of the formed gaseous domains. Simulation results show gas adsorption density on surfaces to have a strong dependence on the solid-liquid interaction parameter than on solid-gas interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Varghese
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sarith P Sathian
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Recoverable underwater superhydrophobicity from a fully wetted state via dynamic air spreading. iScience 2021; 24:103427. [PMID: 34877492 PMCID: PMC8633030 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the superhydrophobicity underwater offers drag resistance reduction, antifouling, anti-corrosion, noise reduction, and gas collection for boat hulls and submarine vehicles. However, superhydrophobicity typically does not last long underwater since the Cassie state is metastable. Here, we report a reversible and localized recovery of superhydrophobicity from the fully wetted state via air bubble spreading. Composed of sparse fluorinated chained nanoparticles, the submerged surface shows super-low energy barrier for bubble attachment. Especially the recovered plastron exhibits excellent longevity. Based on a simplified, truncated nanocone model, the dynamic spreading of bubbles is analyzed considering two basic parameters, i.e., surface geometric structure and surface energy (which appeared as intrinsic water contact angle). Numerical simulation results via COMSOL confirms the effect of geometric structure on bubble spreading. This investigation will not only offer new insights for the design of robust recoverable superhydrophobic surfaces but also broaden the applications of superhydrophobic coatings. Superhydrophobicity is recovered from fully wetted state in submerged system The dynamic spreading of bubbles is theoretically analyzed The geometric criteria provide direction in designing superhydrophobic surfaces
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10
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Yayoglu YE, Toomey RG, Crane NB, Gallant ND. Laser machined micropatterns as corrosion protection of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic magnesium. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104920. [PMID: 34768114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys are promising candidate materials for medical implants because they possess excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties comparable to bone. Furthermore, secondary surgical operations for removal could be eliminated due to magnesium's biodegradability. However, magnesium's degradation rate in aqueous environments is too high for most applications. It has been reported that hydrophobic textured surfaces can trap a surface gas layer which acts as a protective barrier against corrosion. However, prior studies have not investigated separately the role of the texture and hydrophobic treatments on magnesium corrosion rates. In this study, pillar-shaped microstructure patterns were fabricated on polished high purity magnesium surfaces by ablation with a picosecond laser. Some micropatterned samples were further processed by stearic acid modification (SAM). Micropatterned surfaces with SAM had hydrophobic properties with water droplet contact angles greater than 130°, while the micropatterned surfaces without SAM remained hydrophilic. The corrosion properties of textured and smooth magnesium surfaces in saline solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and optical microscopy. Corrosion rates on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic laser machined surfaces were reduced ∼90% relative to polished surfaces. Surprisingly, corrosion rates were similar for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. Indirect evidence of local alkalization near microstructures was found and was hypothesized to stabilize the Mg(OH)2 layer, thereby inhibiting corrosion on hydrophilic surfaces. This is different than the corrosion resistance mechanism for superhydrophobic surfaces which makes use of gas adhesion at the liquid solid interface. These results suggest additional processing to render the magnesium hydrophobic is not necessary since it does not significantly enhance the corrosion resistance beyond what is conferred by micropatterned textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Efe Yayoglu
- University of South Florida Mechanical Engineering, ENG030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Ryan G Toomey
- University of South Florida Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, ENG030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Nathan B Crane
- Brigham Young University Mechanical Engineering, 350 EB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Nathan D Gallant
- University of South Florida Mechanical Engineering, ENG030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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11
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Panchanathan D, Bourrianne P, Nicollier P, Chottratanapituk A, Varanasi KK, McKinley GH. Levitation of fizzy drops. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabf0888. [PMID: 34233873 PMCID: PMC8262817 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As first described by Leidenfrost, liquid droplets levitate over their own vapor when placed on a sufficiently hot substrate. The Leidenfrost effect not only confers remarkable properties such as mechanical and thermal insulation, zero adhesion, and extreme mobility but also requires a high energetic thermal cost. We describe here a previously unexplored approach using active liquids able to sustain levitation in the absence of any external forcing at ambient temperature. We focus on the particular case of carbonated water placed on a superhydrophobic solid and demonstrate how millimetric fizzy drops self-generate a gas cushion that provides levitation on time scales on the order of a minute. Last, we generalize this new regime to different kinds of chemically reactive droplets able to jump from the Cassie-Baxter state to a levitating regime, paving the way to the levitation of nonvolatile liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Panchanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philippe Bourrianne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philippe Nicollier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abhijatmedhi Chottratanapituk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Gareth H McKinley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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12
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Mehanna YA, Sadler E, Upton RL, Kempchinsky AG, Lu Y, Crick CR. The challenges, achievements and applications of submersible superhydrophobic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6569-6612. [PMID: 33889879 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic materials have been widely reported throughout the scientific literature. Their properties originate from a highly rough morphology and inherently water repellent surface chemistry. Despite promising an array of functionalities, these materials have seen limited commercial development. This could be attributed to many factors, like material compatibility, low physical resilience, scaling-up complications, etc. In applications where persistent water contact is required, another limitation arises as a major concern, which is the stability of the air layer trapped at the surface when submerged or impacted by water. This review is aimed at examining the diverse array of research focused on monitoring/improving air layer stability, and highlighting the most successful approaches. The reported complexity of monitoring and enhancing air layer stability, in conjunction with the variety of approaches adopted, results in an assortment of suggested routes to achieving success. The review is addressing the challenge of finding a balance between maximising water repulsion and incorporating structures that protect air pockets from removal, along with challenges related to the variant approaches to testing air-layer stability across the research field, and the gap between the achieved progress and the required performance in real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Mehanna
- Materials Innovation Factory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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13
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Kouser T, Xiong Y, Yang D. Contribution of Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Polymer Additives to Drag Reduction. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiba Kouser
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Department of Mechanics 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Yongliang Xiong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Department of Mechanics 430074 Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Dan Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 430074 Wuhan China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Hubei Key Laboratory of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering Hydrodynamics 430074 Wuhan China
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14
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Lloyd BP, Bartlett PN, Wood RJK. Complete Electrolytic Plastron Recovery in a Low Drag Superhydrophobic Surface. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3483-3489. [PMID: 33644523 PMCID: PMC7906494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a superhydrophobic surface capable of recovering the lubricious gas layer known as the "plastron" from a fully wetted state underwater. It is shown that full plastron recovery is possible without a second layer of structural hierarchy, which is prone to irreversible wetting transitions. This allows us to use a cheap, fast, and potentially scalable method to fabricate the surface from silicone and carbon black in a molding process. We demonstrate plastron recovery from the fully wetted state and immediate plastron recovery after pressure-induced wetting transitions. The wetting state can be measured remotely and quickly by measuring the capacitance. The slip length is measured as ∼135 μm, agreeing well with the theory given the geometry of the surface. The ability of the surface to conform to small radii of curvature and withstand damage from loading is also demonstrated. The work presented here could allow superhydrophobic surfaces to reduce drag on ships and in pipes where the plastron would otherwise rapidly dissolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P. Lloyd
- National
Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | | | - Robert J. K. Wood
- National
Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
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15
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Kinetic Effect of Surface Chemisorbed Oxygen on Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Zuo Y, Zheng L, Zhao C, Liu H. Micro-/Nanostructured Interface for Liquid Manipulation and Its Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903849. [PMID: 31482672 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between liquid manipulation and micro-/nanostructured interfaces has gained much attention due to the wide potential applications in many fields, such as chemical and biomedical assays, environmental protection, industry, and even daily life. Much work has been done to construct various materials with interfacial liquid manipulation abilities, leading to a range of interesting applications. Herein, different fabrication methods from the top-down approach to the bottom-up approach and subsequent surface modifications of micro-/nanostructured interfaces are first introduced. Then, interactions between the surface and liquid, including liquid wetting, liquid transportation, and a number of corresponding models, together with the definition of hydrophilic/hydrophobic, oleophilic/olephobic, the definition and mechanism of superwetting, including superhydrophobicity, superhydrophilicity, and superoleophobicity, are presented. The micro-/nanostructured interface, with major applications in self-cleaning, antifogging, anti-icing, anticorrosion, drag-reduction, oil-water separation, water collection, droplet (micro)array, and surface-directed liquid transport, is summarized, and the mechanisms underlying each application are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this area are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liuzheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Liu E, Yin X, Hu J, Yu S, Zhao Y, Xiong W. Fabrication of a biomimetic hierarchical superhydrophobic Cu-Ni coating with self-cleaning and anti-corrosion properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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