1
|
Bernasconi S, Angelucci A, De Cesari A, Masotti A, Pandocchi M, Vacca F, Zhao X, Paganelli C, Aliverti A. Recent Technologies for Transcutaneous Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:785. [PMID: 38667431 PMCID: PMC11049249 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The measurement of partial pressures of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is fundamental for evaluating a patient's conditions in clinical practice. There are many ways to retrieve O2/CO2 partial pressures and concentrations. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is the gold standard technique for such a purpose, but it is invasive, intermittent, and potentially painful. Among all the alternative methods for gas monitoring, non-invasive transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring has been emerging since the 1970s, being able to overcome the main drawbacks of ABG analysis. Clark and Severinghaus electrodes enabled the breakthrough for transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring, respectively, and in the last twenty years, many innovations have been introduced as alternatives to overcome their limitations. This review reports the most recent solutions for transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring, with a particular consideration for wearable measurement systems. Luminescence-based electronic paramagnetic resonance and photoacoustic sensors are investigated. Optical sensors appear to be the most promising, giving fast and accurate measurements without the need for frequent calibrations and being suitable for integration into wearable measurement systems.
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu B, Kang X, Xu S, Zhu J, Yang L, Jiang C. Multiplex Chroma Response Wearable Hydrogel Patch: Visual Monitoring of Urea in Body Fluids for Health Prognosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3587-3595. [PMID: 36753619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Visual wearable devices can rapid intuitively monitor biomarkers in body fluids to indicate the human health status and provide valuable reference for further medical diagnosis. However, unavoidable interference factors such as skin color, natural light, and background luminescence can interfere with the visualization accuracy of flexible wearable devices, limiting their practical sensing application. Here, we designed a wearable sensing patch via an embedded upconversion optical probe in a 3D porous polyacrylamide hydrogel, exhibiting a multiplex chroma response to urea based on the inner filter effect, which overcomes the susceptibility to external conditions due to its near-infrared excited luminescence and improves the resolution and accuracy of visual sensing. Furthermore, a highly compatible portable sensing platform combined with a smartphone was designed to achieve in situ rapid quantitative analysis of urea. The limit of detection values of the upconversion optical probe and hydrogel sensor are as low as 1.4 and 30 μM respectively, exhibiting the practicality in different scenarios. The designed sensing patch provides a convenient and accurate sensing strategy for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids and has the potential to be developed into a point-of-care device to provide disease early warning and clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shihao Xu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Changlong Jiang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salaris N, Haigh P, Papakonstantinou I, Tiwari MK. Self-assembled porous polymer films for improved oxygen sensing. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2023; 374:132794. [PMID: 37859642 PMCID: PMC10582206 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.132794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Absolute oxygen sensors based on quenching of phosphorescence have been the subject of numerous studies for the monitoring of biological environments. Here, we used simple fabrication techniques with readily available polymers to obtain high performance phosphorescent films. Specifically, evaporation-based phase separation and the breath figure technique were used to induce porosity. The pore sizes ranged from ∼ 37 nm to ∼ 141 μ m while the maximum average porosity achieved was ∼ 74%. The oxygen sensing properties were evaluated via a standarised calibration procedure with an optoelectronic setup in both transmission and reflection based configurations. When comparing non-porous and porous films, the highest improvements achieved were a factor of ∼ 7.9 in dynamic range and ∼ 7.3 in maximum sensitivity, followed by an improved linearity with a half-sensitivity point at 43% O2 V/V. Also, the recovery time was reduced by an order of magnitude in the high porosity film and all samples prepared were not affected by variations in the humidity of the surrounding environment. Despite the use of common polymers, the fabrication techniques employed led to the significant enhancement of oxygen sensing properties and elucidated the relation between porous film morphologies and sensing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Salaris
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- Wellcome/EPSRC, Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Haigh
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Manish K. Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- Wellcome/EPSRC, Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravaro LP, Arai MS, Maia LJQ, Reza Dousti M, Santiago PHDO, Ellena J, de Camargo ASS. Multifunctional Platform Based on a Copper(I) Complex and NaYF 4:Tm 3+,Yb 3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles Immobilized into a Polystyrene Matrix: Downshifting and Upconversion Oxygen Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47902-47912. [PMID: 36254393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an innovative approach to obtain a multifunctional hybrid material operating via combined anti-Stokes (upconversion) and Stokes (downshifting) emissions for oxygen gas sensing and related functionalities. The material is based on a Cu(I) complex exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission (TADF) and infrared-to-visible upconverting Tm3+/Yb3+-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles supported in a polystyrene (PS) matrix. Excitation of the hybrid material at 980 nm leads to efficient transfer of Tm3+ emission in the ultraviolet/blue region to the Cu(I) complex and consequently intense green emission (560 nm) of the latter. Additionally, the green emission of the complex can also be directly generated with excitation at 360 nm. Independently of the excitation wavelength, the emission intensity is efficiently suppressed by the presence of molecular oxygen and the quenching rate is properly characterized by the Stern-Volmer plots. The results indicate that the biocompatible hybrid material can be applied as an efficient O2 sensor operating via near-infrared or ultraviolet excitation, unlike most optical oxygen sensors currently available which only work in downshifting mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro P Ravaro
- Graduate Program on Physics Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 54518-430 Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marylyn S Arai
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro J Q Maia
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - M Reza Dousti
- Graduate Program on Physics Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 54518-430 Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Ellena
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea S S de Camargo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costanzo I, Sen D, Adegite J, Rao PM, Guler U. A Noninvasive Miniaturized Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitor. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021; 15:474-485. [PMID: 34232891 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2021.3094931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous monitoring is a noninvasive method to continuously measure the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide that diffuse through the skin and correlate closely with changes in blood gases. However, the contemporary commercially available electrochemical-based technology requires a heating mechanism and a bulky, corded, and expensive sensing unit. This study aims to demonstrate a prototype noninvasive, miniaturized monitor that uses luminescence-based technology to measure the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen, a surrogate of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen. To be able to build a robust measurement system, we conducted experiments to understand the temperature and humidity dependence of oxygen-sensitive platinum-porphyrin films. We performed a detailed analysis of both intensity and lifetime measurement techniques. To verify the performance, we tested the prototype in a small ex-vivo experiment involving three healthy human volunteers. We measured variations in the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen values due to pressure-induced arterial and venous occlusions on the volunteers' fingertips. The system resolves changes in the partial pressure of oxygen from 0 to 418 mmHg in the lab bench-top testing, covering the medically relevant range of 50-150 mmHg. Under fixed humidity, temperature, and the partial pressure of oxygen conditions, the sensor shows a 2% drift over 60 hours. The prototype consumes 9 mW of power from a 2.2 V external DC power supply.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin W, Chen J, Sui J, Dabiri D, Cao G. Luminescence and sensitivity enhancement of oxygen sensors through tuning the spectral overlap between luminescent dyes and SiO
2
@Ag nanoparticles. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yin
- Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Sui
- Department of Materials and Engineering University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Dana Dabiri
- Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials and Engineering University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cascales JP, Roussakis E, Witthauer L, Goss A, Li X, Chen Y, Marks HL, Evans CL. Wearable device for remote monitoring of transcutaneous tissue oxygenation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6989-7002. [PMID: 33408975 PMCID: PMC7747925 DOI: 10.1364/boe.408850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices have found widespread applications in recent years as both medical devices as well as consumer electronics for sports and health tracking. A metric of health that is often overlooked in currently available technology is the direct measurement of molecular oxygen in living tissue, a key component in cellular energy production. Here, we report on the development of a wireless wearable prototype for transcutaneous oxygenation monitoring based on quantifying the oxygen-dependent phosphorescence of a metalloporphyrin embedded within a highly breathable oxygen sensing film. The device is completely self-contained, weighs under 30 grams, performs on-board signal analysis, and can communicate with computers or smartphones. The wearable measures tissue oxygenation at the skin surface by detecting the lifetime and intensity of phosphorescence, which undergoes quenching in the presence of oxygen. As well as being insensitive to motion artifacts, it offers robust and reliable measurements even in variable atmospheric conditions related to temperature and humidity. Preliminary in vivo testing in a porcine ischemia model shows that the wearable is highly sensitive to changes in tissue oxygenation in the physiological range upon inducing a decrease in limb perfusion.
Collapse
|
8
|
Costanzo I, Sen D, Rhein L, Guler U. Respiratory Monitoring: Current State of the Art and Future Roads. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 15:103-121. [PMID: 33156794 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2020.3036330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present current methodologies, available technologies, and demands for monitoring various respiratory parameters. We discuss the importance of noninvasive techniques for remote and continuous monitoring and challenges involved in the current "smart and connected health" era. We conducted an extensive literature review on the medical significance of monitoring respiratory vital parameters, along with the current methods and solutions with their respective advantages and disadvantages. We discuss the challenges of developing a noninvasive, wearable, wireless system that continuously monitors respiration parameters and opportunities in the field and then determines the requirements of a state-of-the-art system. Noninvasive techniques provide a significant amount of medical information for a continuous patient monitoring system. Contact methods offer more advantages than non-contact methods; however, reducing the size and power of contact methods is critical for enabling a wearable, wireless medical monitoring system. Continuous and accurate remote monitoring, along with other physiological data, can help caregivers improve the quality of care and allow patients greater freedom outside the hospital. Such monitoring systems could lead to highly tailored treatment plans, shorten patient stays at medical facilities, and reduce the cost of treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhong Z, Lee SH, Ko P, Kwon S, Youn H, Seok JY, Woo K. Control of thermal deformation with photonic sintering of ultrathin nanowire transparent electrodes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2366-2373. [PMID: 31960872 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09383d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of electronic devices on ultrathin flexible plastic substrates is of great value in terms of portability, cost reduction, and mechanical flexibility. However, because thin plastic substrates with low heat capacity can be more easily damaged by thermal energy, their use is limited. Highly flexible nanowire (NW) transparent conductive electrodes on ultrathin (∼10 μm) low cost polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates are fabricated. The control of intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation process parameters to induce NW welding for maximum conductivity and minimal thermal damage of the PET substrate is explored. For this purpose, trends in temperature variation of NW thin films irradiated by IPL under various operating conditions are numerically analyzed using commercial software. Simulations indicate that irradiating light operated at a higher voltage and for a shorter time, and use of multiple pulses of low frequency can reduce thermal deformation of the PET substrate. Furthermore, we experimentally confirm that NW transparent electrodes can be successfully fabricated with less thermal deformation of the ultrathin plastic substrate when light is irradiated under well-controlled conditions derived from the simulation. The highly flexible NW transparent conducting electrode exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility to withstand severe deformation and can be successfully implemented in flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhong
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pyeongsam Ko
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Dongseodaero 125, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Kwon
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongseok Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Dongseodaero 125, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Seok
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoohee Woo
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|