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Cortés-Martínez A, von Baeckmann C, Hernández-López L, Carné-Sánchez A, Maspoch D. Giant oligomeric porous cage-based molecules. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7992-7998. [PMID: 38817590 PMCID: PMC11134396 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Most reported porous materials are either extended networks or monomeric discrete cavities; indeed, porous structures of intermediate size have scarcely been explored. Herein, we present the stepwise linkage of discrete porous metal-organic cages or polyhedra (MOPs) into oligomeric structures with a finite number of MOP units. The synthesis of these new oligomeric porous molecules entails the preparation of 1-connected (1-c) MOPs with only one available azide reactive site on their surface. The azide-terminated 1-c MOP is linked through copper(i)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry with additional alkyne-terminated 1-c MOPs, 4-c clusters, or 24-c MOPs to yield three classes of giant oligomeric molecules: dimeric, tetrameric, or satellite-like, respectively. Importantly, all the giant molecules that we synthesised are soluble in water and permanently porous in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés-Martínez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cornelia von Baeckmann
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Hernández-López
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arnau Carné-Sánchez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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Araújo-Cordero AM, Caddeo F, Mahmoudi B, Bron M, Wouter Maijenburg A. Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Cu 3 (BTC) 2 and Cu(TCPP) on Copper Thin films and Copper-Based Microstructures. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300378. [PMID: 37997644 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cu thin films and Cu2 O microstructures were partially converted to the Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Cu3 (BTC)2 or Cu(TCPP) using an electrochemical process with a higher control and at milder conditions compared to the traditional solvothermal MOF synthesis. Initially, either a Cu thin film was sputtered, or different kinds of Cu or Cu2 O microstructures were electrochemically deposited onto a conductive ITO glass substrate. Then, these Cu thin films or Cu-based microstructures were subsequently coated with a thin layer of either Cu3 (BTC)2 or Cu(TCPP) by controlled anodic dissolution of the Cu-based substrate at room temperature and in the presence of the desired organic linker molecules: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) or photoactive 4,4',4'',4'''-(Porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis(benzoic acid) (TCPP) in the electrolyte. An increase in size of the Cu micro cubes with exposed planes [100] of 38,7 % for the Cu2 O@Cu3 (BTC)2 and a 68,9 % increase for the Cu2 O@Cu(TCPP) was roughly estimated. Finally, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the initial Cu films or Cu-based microstructures, and the obtained core-shell Cu2 O@Cu(BTC) and Cu2 O@Cu(TCPP) microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Araújo-Cordero
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Francesco Caddeo
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institute for Nanostructures and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Bld. 600, Room 2.59, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Behzad Mahmoudi
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Bron
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - A Wouter Maijenburg
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
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Xu H, Chen S, Zhao YF, Wang F, Guo F. MOF-Based Membranes for Remediated Application of Water Pollution. Chempluschem 2024:e202400027. [PMID: 38369654 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Membrane separation plays a crucial role in the current increasingly complex energy environment. Membranes prepared by metal-organic framework (MOF) materials usually possess unique advantages in common, such as uniform pore size, ultra-high porosity, enhanced selectivity and throughput, and excellent adsorption property, which have been contributed to the separation fields. In this comprehensive review, we summarize various designs and synthesized strategies of free-standing MOF and composite MOF-based membranes for water treatment. Special emphases are given not only on the effects of MOF on membrane performance, removal efficiencies, and elimination mechanisms, but also on the importance of MOF-based membranes for the applications of oily and micro-pollutant removal, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. The challenges and opportunities in the future for the industrial implementation of MOF-based membranes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- School of art and design, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- School of art and design, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Fan Zhao
- School of art and design, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of art and design, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Fan Guo
- School of art and design, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Caddeo F, Himmelstein F, Mahmoudi B, Araújo-Cordero AM, Eberhart D, Zhang H, Lindenberg T, Hähnel A, Hagendorf C, Maijenburg AW. Coating the surface of interconnected Cu 2O nanowire arrays with HKUST-1 nanocrystals via electrochemical oxidation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13858. [PMID: 37620380 PMCID: PMC10449819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the crystallization of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) at the nanoscale is currently challenging, and this hinders their utilization for multiple applications including photo(electro)chemistry and sensors. In this work, we show a synthetic protocol that enables the preparation of highly homogeneous Cu2O@MOF nanowires standing on a conductive support with extensive control over the crystallization of the MOF nanoparticles at the surface of the Cu2O nanowires. Cu2O nanowires were first prepared via templated electrodeposition, and then partially converted into the well-known Cu-MOF HKUST-1 by pulsed electrochemical oxidation. We show that the use of PVP as a capping agent during the electrochemical oxidation of Cu2O into HKUST-1 provides control over the growth of the MOF nanocrystals on the surface of the Cu2O nanowires, and that the size of the MOF crystals obtained can be tuned by changing the concentration of PVP dissolved in the electrolyte. In addition, we propose the use of benzoic acid as an alternative to achieve control over the size of the obtained MOF nanocrystals when the use of a capping agent should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caddeo
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Himmelstein
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Behzad Mahmoudi
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ana María Araújo-Cordero
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Denis Eberhart
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Titus Lindenberg
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angelika Hähnel
- Fraunhofer Center for Silicon Photovoltaics CSP, Otto-Eißfeldt-Straße 12, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Hagendorf
- Fraunhofer Center for Silicon Photovoltaics CSP, Otto-Eißfeldt-Straße 12, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Wouter Maijenburg
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-Nano, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Su C, Jiang D, Jia S, Shan X, Chen Z. Fast cathodic electrodeposition of ZnTCPP-functionalized metal-organic framework films for preparation of a fluorescent aptamer sensor for microcystin determination. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:180. [PMID: 37043083 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
A one-step electrodeposition-assisted self-assembly technique has been developed for preparation of ZnTCPP@MOF films with three-dimensional mesoporous structure in a three-electrode system. The internal structure of the ZnTCPP@MOF films was tuned by adjusting the electrochemical deposition voltage, deposition time, and the concentration of ZnTCPP at room temperature. The ZnTCPP@MOF films under different deposition conditions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared ZnTCPP@MOF films exhibited excellent fluorescence properties, in which ZnTCPP molecules were encapsulated inside the MOF as fluorescent signal probes and structure-directing agents, which affected the electrochemical response of the ZnTCPP@MOF films. The sensing platform based on ZnTCPP@MOF film was used to detect microcystin with a wide determination range (1.0 × 10-12 mol/L ~ 1.0 × 10-5 mol/L), low determination limit (3.8 × 10-13 mol/L), and high sensitivity. More importantly, the strategy is simple, low-cost, green, and environmentally friendly, and it provides a new strategy for the direct use of MOFs films as signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Shuyong Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
- Lite-On OPTO Tech(CZ) Co., Ltd, No. 88, Yanghu Rd., Wujin Hi-Tech. Industrial Development Zone, Changzhou City, China
| | - Xueling Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhidong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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Ren H, Tianxiang W. Electrochemical Synthesis Methods of Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Their Environmental Analysis Applications: A Review. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Nanjing Normal University School of Environment CHINA
| | - Wei Tianxiang
- Nanjing Normal University No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District Nanjing CHINA
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Lee SA, Yang JW, Choi S, Jang HW. Nanoscale electrodeposition: Dimension control and 3D conformality. EXPLORATION 2021; 1. [PMCID: PMC10191033 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sol A Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology Seoul National University Suwon 16229 Republic of Korea
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Wibowo A, Marsudi MA, Pramono E, Belva J, Parmita AWYP, Patah A, Eddy DR, Aimon AH, Ramelan A. Recent Improvement Strategies on Metal-Organic Frameworks as Adsorbent, Catalyst, and Membrane for Wastewater Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:5261. [PMID: 34500695 PMCID: PMC8434549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of pollutants in water is dangerous for the environment and human lives. Some of them are considered as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that cannot be eliminated from wastewater effluent. Thus, many researchers have devoted their efforts to improving the existing technology or providing an alternative strategy to solve this environmental problem. One of the attractive materials for this purpose are metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their superior high surface area, high porosity, and the tunable features of their structures and function. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive description of MOFs and their crucial role as adsorbent, catalyst, and membrane in wastewater treatment. This study also highlighted several strategies to improve their capability to remove pollutants from water effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Wibowo
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia; (M.A.M.); (J.B.)
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Maradhana A. Marsudi
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia; (M.A.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Edi Pramono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia;
| | - Jeremiah Belva
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia; (M.A.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Ade W. Y. P. Parmita
- Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Jl. Soekarno Hatta 15, Balikpapan 76127, East Kalimantan, Indonesia;
| | - Aep Patah
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia;
| | - Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia;
| | - Akfiny Hasdi Aimon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia;
| | - Aditianto Ramelan
- Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia; (M.A.M.); (J.B.)
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Usman M, Ali M, Al-Maythalony BA, Ghanem AS, Saadi OW, Ali M, Jafar Mazumder MA, Abdel-Azeim S, Habib MA, Yamani ZH, Ensinger W. Highly Efficient Permeation and Separation of Gases with Metal-Organic Frameworks Confined in Polymeric Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49992-50001. [PMID: 33104340 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the confinement of porous metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) on the surface and walls of track-etched nanochannel in polyethylene terephthalate (np-PET) membrane using a liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) technique. The composite membrane (HKUST-1/np-PET) exhibits defect-free MOF growth continuity, strong attachment of MOF to the support, and a high degree of flexibility. The high flexibility and the strong confinement of the MOF in composite membrane results from (i) the flexible np-PET support, (ii) coordination attachment between HKUST-1 and the support, and (iii) the growth of HKUST-1 crystal in nanoconfined geometries. The MOF has a preferred growth orientation with a window size of 3.5 Å, resulting in a clear cut-off of CO2 from natural gas and olefins. The experimental results and DFT calculations show that the restricted diffusion of gases only takes place through the nanoporous MOF confined in the np-PET substrate. This research thereby provides a new perspective to grow other porous MOFs in artificially prepared nanochannels for the realization of continuous, flexible, and defect-free membranes for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Center for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Ali
- Materialforschung, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschungm GmbH, Darmstadt D-64291, Germany
- Fachbereich Material-u, Geowissenschaften, Fachgebiet Materialanalytik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Bassem A Al-Maythalony
- Technology Innovation Center on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (TIC on CCS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram S Ghanem
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology-Technology Innovation Center on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST-TIC on CCS) at KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Waqas Saadi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology-Technology Innovation Center on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST-TIC on CCS) at KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murad Ali
- Center for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Jafar Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwat Abdel-Azeim
- Center of Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Habib
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology-Technology Innovation Center on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST-TIC on CCS) at KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain H Yamani
- Center for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Fachbereich Material-u, Geowissenschaften, Fachgebiet Materialanalytik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
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