1
|
Zhong Y, Lopez-Larrea N, Alvarez-Tirado M, Casado N, Koklu A, Marks A, Moser M, McCulloch I, Mecerreyes D, Inal S. Eutectogels as a Semisolid Electrolyte for Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Chem Mater 2024; 36:1841-1854. [PMID: 38435047 PMCID: PMC10902863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are signal transducers offering high amplification, which makes them particularly advantageous for detecting weak biological signals. While OECTs typically operate with aqueous electrolytes, those employing solid-like gels as the dielectric layer can be excellent candidates for constructing wearable electrophysiology probes. Despite their potential, the impact of the gel electrolyte type and composition on the operation of the OECT and the associated device design considerations for optimal performance with a chosen electrolyte have remained ambiguous. In this work, we investigate the influence of three types of gel electrolytes-hydrogels, eutectogels, and iongels, each with varying compositions on the performance of OECTs. Our findings highlight the superiority of the eutectogel electrolyte, which comprises poly(glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate) as the polymer matrix and choline chloride in combination with 1,3-propanediol deep eutectic solvent as the ionic component. This eutectogel electrolyte outperforms hydrogel and iongel counterparts of equivalent dimensions, yielding the most favorable transient and steady-state performance for both p-type depletion and p-type/n-type enhancement mode transistors gated with silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl). Furthermore, the eutectogel-integrated enhancement mode OECTs exhibit exceptional operational stability, reflected in the absence of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation in the simulated electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings conducted continuously over a period of 5 h, as well as daily measurements spanning 30 days. Eutectogel-based OECTs also exhibit higher ECG signal amplitudes and SNR than their counterparts, utilizing the commercially available hydrogel, which is the most common electrolyte for cutaneous electrodes. These findings underscore the potential of eutectogels as a semisolid electrolyte for OECTs, particularly in applications demanding robust and prolonged physiological signal monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhong
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naroa Lopez-Larrea
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San
Sebastian, Guipuzcoa 20018, Spain
| | - Marta Alvarez-Tirado
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San
Sebastian, Guipuzcoa 20018, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San
Sebastian, Guipuzcoa 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Anil Koklu
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Marks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TF, U.K.
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TF, U.K.
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TF, U.K.
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San
Sebastian, Guipuzcoa 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Druet V, Ohayon D, Petoukhoff CE, Zhong Y, Alshehri N, Koklu A, Nayak PD, Salvigni L, Almulla L, Surgailis J, Griggs S, McCulloch I, Laquai F, Inal S. A single n-type semiconducting polymer-based photo-electrochemical transistor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5481. [PMID: 37673950 PMCID: PMC10482932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer films, which can conduct both ionic and electronic charges, are central to building soft electronic sensors and actuators. Despite the possible interplay between light absorption and the mixed conductivity of these materials in aqueous biological media, no single polymer film has been utilized to create a solar-switchable organic bioelectronic circuit that relies on a fully reversible and redox reaction-free potentiometric photodetection and current modulation. Here we demonstrate that the absorption of light by an electron and cation-transporting polymer film reversibly modulates its electrochemical potential and conductivity in an aqueous electrolyte, which is harnessed to design an n-type photo-electrochemical transistor (n-OPECT). By controlling the intensity of light incident on the n-type polymeric gate electrode, we generate transistor output characteristics that mimic the modulation of the polymeric channel current achieved through gate voltage control. The micron-scale n-OPECT exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio and an excellent sensitivity to low light intensities. We demonstrate three direct applications of the n-OPECT, i.e., a photoplethysmogram recorder, a light-controlled inverter circuit, and a light-gated artificial synapse, underscoring the suitability of this platform for a myriad of biomedical applications that involve light intensity changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Druet
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Ohayon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, Materials Science and Engineering Program, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisreen Alshehri
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, Materials Science and Engineering Program, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil Koklu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prem D Nayak
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Salvigni
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Almulla
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jokubas Surgailis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, Materials Science and Engineering Program, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, Materials Science and Engineering Program, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu G, Wen W, Zhao Z, Huang X, Li Y, Qin M, Pan Z, Guo Y, Liu Y. Bionic Tactile-Gustatory Receptor for Object Identification Based on All-Polymer Electrochemical Transistor. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2300242. [PMID: 37025036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human sensory receptors enable the real world to be perceived effortlessly. Hence, massive efforts have been devoted to the development of bionic receptors capable of identifying objects. Unfortunately, most of the existing devices are limited to single sensory emulation and are established on solid-state electronic technologies, which are incompatible with the biological reactions occurring in electrolyte media. Here, an iontronic tactile-gustatory receptor using an all-polymer electrochemical transistor (AECT) is presented. The sensor is biocompatible with the operation voltage of 0.1 V, which is 1 to 2 orders lower than those of reported values. By this study, one receptor is able to accurately recognize various objects perceived by the human tactile and gustatory system without complex circuitry. Additionally, to promote its further application, flexible AECT arrays with channel length of 2 µm and density of 104 167 transistors cm-2 (yield of 97%) are fabricated, 1 to 5 orders higher than those of related works. Finally, a flexible integrated network for electrocardiogram recording is successfully constructed. This study moves a step forward toward state-of-the-art bionic sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guocai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingcong Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi KH, Kim SJ, Kim H, Jang HW, Yi H, Park MC, Choi C, Ju H, Lim JA. Fibriform Organic Electrochemical Diodes with Rectifying, Complementary Logic and Transient Voltage Suppression Functions for Wearable E-Textile Embedded Circuits. ACS Nano 2023; 17:5821-5833. [PMID: 36881690 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fibriform electrochemical diode capable of performing rectifying, complementary logic and device protection functions for future e-textile circuit systems is fabricated. The diode was fabricated using a simple twisted assembly of metal/polymer semiconductor/ion gel coaxial microfibers and conducting microfiber electrodes. The fibriform diode exhibited a prominent asymmetrical current flow with a rectification ratio of over 102, and its performance was retained after repeated bending deformations and washings. Fundamental studies on the electrochemical interactions of polymer semiconductors with ions reveal that the Faradaic current generated in polymer semiconductors by electrochemical reactions results in an abrupt current increase under a forward bias, in which the threshold voltages of the device are determined by the oxidation or reduction potential of the polymer semiconductor. Textile-embedded full-wave rectifiers and logic gate circuits were implemented by simply integrating the fibriform diodes, exhibiting AC-to-DC signal conversion and logic operation functions, respectively. It was also confirmed that the proposed fibriform diode can suppress transient voltages and thus protect a low-voltage operational wearable e-textile circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hun Choi
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungjun Kim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Yi
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Ju
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ah Lim
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology of Korea (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chakraborty B, Luscombe CK. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization via C-H Activation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301247. [PMID: 36849707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their versatile (opto)electronic properties, conjugated polymers have found application in several organic electronic devices. Cross-coupling reactions such as Stille, Suzuki, Kumada couplings, and direct arylation reactions have proved to be effective for their synthesis. More atom-efficient oxidative direct arylation polymerization has also been reported for making homopolymers. However, growing interest toward donor-acceptor polymers has led to the recent emergence of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) polymerization to synthesize alternating copolymers without any prefunctionalization of monomers. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of two simple arenes via double C-H activation, or of an arene with an alkene via oxidative Heck-type reaction have been used so far for CDC polymerization. In this article, we discuss the development of CDC polymerization protocols along with the relevant small molecule CDC reactions for an improved understanding of these reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baitan Chakraborty
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun J, Jiang J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Li L, Lou Z, Hou Y, Teng F, Hu Y. Ionic Liquid-Gated Near-Infrared Polymer Phototransistors and Their Persistent Photoconductivity Application in Optical Memory. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:57082-57091. [PMID: 36523155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on polymers have attracted substantial attention due to their excellent signal amplification, significant noise reduction, and solution process. Recently, the near-infrared (NIR) detection becomes urgent for OPTs with the increased demand for biomedicine, medical diagnostics, and health monitoring. To achieve this goal, a low working voltage of the OPTs is highly desirable. Therefore, the traditional dielectric gate can be replaced by an electrolyte gate to form electrolyte-gated organic phototransistors (EGOPTs), which are not only able to work at voltages below 1.0 V but also are biocompatible. PCDTPT, one of the most popular narrow band gap donor-acceptor copolymer, has been rarely studied in EGOPTs. In this work, an organic NIR-sensitive EGOPT based on PCDTPT is demonstrated with the detectivity of 7.08 × 1011 Jones and the photoresponsivity of 3.56 A/W at a low operating voltage. In addition, an existing persistent photoconductivity (PPC) phenomenon was also observed when the device was exposed to air. The PPC characteristic of the EGOPT in air has been used to achieve a phototransistor memory, and the gate bias can directly eliminate the PPC as an erasing operation. This work reveals the underlying mechanism of the electrolyte-gated organic phototransistor memories and broadens the application of the EGOPTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Jingzan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Yadan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Yunuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Feng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Organic photodiodes (OPDs) have shown great promise for potential applications in optical imaging, sensing, and communication due to their wide-range tunable photoelectrical properties, low-temperature facile processes, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Extensive research work has been carried out on exploring materials, device structures, physical mechanisms, and processing approaches to improve the performance of OPDs to the level of their inorganic counterparts. In addition, various system prototypes have been built based on the exhibited and attractive features of OPDs. It is vital to link the device optimal design and engineering to the system requirements and examine the existing deficiencies of OPDs towards practical applications, so this review starts from discussions on the required key performance metrics for different envisioned applications. Then the fundamentals of the OPD device structures and operation mechanisms are briefly introduced, and the latest development of OPDs for improving the key performance merits is reviewed. Finally, the trials of OPDs for various applications including wearable medical diagnostics, optical imagers, spectrometers, and light communications are reviewed, and both the promises and challenges are revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shan
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaokuan Yin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim J, Kang J, Jung IH. Synthesis and characterization of a copper(
II
) phthalocyanine‐based dye for organic photodetectors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junho Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Kang
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human‐Tech Convergence Program Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human‐Tech Convergence Program Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Granelli R, Alessandri I, Gkoupidenis P, Vassalini I, Kovács-Vajna ZM, Blom PWM, Torricelli F. High-Performance Bioelectronic Circuits Integrated on Biodegradable and Compostable Substrates with Fully Printed Mask-Less Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Small 2022; 18:e2108077. [PMID: 35642950 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) rely on volumetric ion-modulation of the electronic current to provide low-voltage operation, large signal amplification, enhanced sensing capabilities, and seamless integration with biology. The majority of current OECT technologies require multistep photolithographic microfabrication methods on glass or plastic substrates, which do not provide an ideal path toward ultralow cost ubiquitous and sustainable electronics and bioelectronics. At the same time, the development of advanced bioelectronic circuits combining bio-detection, amplification, and local processing functionalities urgently demand for OECT technology platforms with a monolithic integration of high-performance iontronic circuits and sensors. Here, fully printed mask-less OECTs fabricated on thin-film biodegradable and compostable substrates are proposed. The dispensing and capillary printing methods are used for depositing both high- and low-viscosity OECT materials. Fully printed OECT unipolar inverter circuits with a gain normalized to the supply voltage as high as 136.6 V-1 , and current-driven sensors for ion detection and real-time monitoring with a sensitivity of up to 506 mV dec-1 , are integrated on biodegradable and compostable substrates. These universal building blocks with the top-performance ever reported demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and can open opportunities for next-generation high-performance sustainable bioelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Granelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Ivano Alessandri
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | | | - Irene Vassalini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Zsolt M Kovács-Vajna
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ji Y, Zhou D, Wang N, Ding N, Xu W, Song H. Flexible double narrowband near-infrared photodetector based on PMMA/core–shell upconversion nanoparticle composites. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Zhu J, Huang X, Song W. Physical and Chemical Sensors on the Basis of Laser-Induced Graphene: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18708-18741. [PMID: 34881870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is produced rapidly by directly irradiating carbonaceous precursors, and it naturally exhibits as a three-dimensional porous structure. Due to advantages such as simple preparation, time-saving, environmental friendliness, low cost, and expanding categories of raw materials, LIG and its derivatives have achieved broad applications in sensors. This has been witnessed in various fields such as wearable devices, disease diagnosis, intelligent robots, and pollution detection. However, despite LIG sensors having demonstrated an excellent capability to monitor physical and chemical parameters, the systematic review of synthesis, sensing mechanisms, and applications of them combined with comparison against other preparation approaches of graphene is still lacking. Here, graphene-based sensors for physical, biological, and chemical detection are reviewed first, followed by the introduction of general preparation methods for the laser-induced method to yield graphene. The preparation and advantages of LIG, sensing mechanisms, and the properties of different types of emerging LIG-based sensors are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, possible solutions to the problems and challenges of preparing LIG and LIG-based sensors are proposed. This review may serve as a detailed reference to guide the development of LIG-based sensors that possess properties for future smart sensors in health care, environmental protection, and industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weixing Song
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuan Y, Chen M, Yang S, Shen X, Liu Y, Cao D, Xing G, Tang Z. Improved CsPbBr
3
visible light photodetectors via decoration of sputtered au nanoparticles with synergistic benefits. Nano Select 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Yuan
- Department of Physics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Department of Physics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
| | - Shuaiheng Yang
- Department of Physics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Physics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department of Physics Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao N, Yu J, Tian Q, Shi J, Zhang M, Chen S, Zang L. Application of PEDOT:PSS and Its Composites in Electrochemical and Electronic Chemosensors. Chemosensors 2021; 9:79. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly important and attractive conducting polymer as well as commercially available in organic electronics, including electrochemical and electronic chemosensors, due to its unique features such as excellent solution-fabrication capability and miscibility, high and controllable conductivity, excellent chemical and electrochemical stability, good optical transparency and biocompatibility. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress of PEDOT:PSS and its composites, and the application in electrochemical and electronic sensors for detecting liquid-phase or gaseous chemical analytes, including inorganic or organic ions, pH, humidity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ammonia (NH3), CO, CO2, NO2, and organic solvent vapors like methanol, acetone, etc. We will discuss in detail the structural, architectural and morphological optimization of PEDOT:PSS and its composites with other additives, as well as the fabrication technology of diverse sensor systems in response to a wide range of analytes in varying environments. At the end of the review will be given a perspective summary covering both the key challenges and potential solutions in the future research of PEDOT:PSS-based chemosensors, especially those in a flexible or wearable format.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan Y, Chen Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Yu R, Gao C, Chen H, Guo T. Vertical Channel Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Electrochemical Phototransistors with Ultrahigh Responsivity and Fast Response Speed. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:7498-7509. [PMID: 33533254 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic phototransistors (OPTs) have attracted enormous attention because of their promising applications in sensing, communication, and imaging. Currently, most OPTs reported utilize field-effect transistors (FETs) with relative long channel length which usually has undesired amplification because of their inherent low transconductance originated from their low channel capacitance, limiting the further improvement of performance. Herein, a vertical channel hybrid electrochemical phototransistor with a nanoscale channel and large transconductance (VECPT) is invented for the first time to achieve ultrahigh photoresponsivity along with a fast response speed. Benefiting from the nanoscale channel length and large transconductance, the photo-generated carriers in channel can be efficiently dissociated, transported, and amplified into the enlarged photocurrent output. Therefore, the devices deliver substantially improved optoelectronic performances with a photoresponsivity as high as ≈2.99 × 107 A/W, detectivity of ≈1.49 × 1013 Jones, and fast-speed response of ≈73 μs under a low voltage of 1 V, which are superior to those of the reported OPTs based on FETs. Moreover, the in situ Kelvin probe microscopy is performed to characterize the surface potential of device systems for better elucidating the photosensing mechanism. Furthermore, taking advantage of its excellent optoelectronic performance, an ultraviolet light monitoring system is constructed by integrating VECPT with a light-emitting diode, which also shows the real-time, high-sensitive, and controllable photoresponse threshold properties. All these results demonstrate the great potential of these electrochemical phototransistors and provide valuable insights into the design of the nanoscale channel length device system for high-performance photodetection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Qizhen Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Rengjian Yu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Changsong Gao
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Q, Lai D, He L, Li E, Liu Y, Zeng H, Chen H, Guo T. High-Performance Vertical Organic Phototransistors Enhanced by Ferroelectrics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1035-1042. [PMID: 33378165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic phototransistors with high sensitivity and responsivity to light irradiance have great potential applications in national defense, meteorology, industrial manufacturing, and medical security. However, undesired dark current and photoresponsivity limit their practical applications. Here, a novel vertical organic phototransistor combined with ferroelectric materials is developed. The device structure has nanometer channel length, which can effectively separate photogenerated carriers and reduce the probability of carrier recombination and defect scattering, thus improving the device performance of phototransistors. Moreover, by inserting the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) ferroelectric layer, the Schottky barrier at the interface between the semiconductor and source can be adjusted by the polarization of the external electric field, which can effectively reduce the dark current of the phototransistor to further improve the device performance. Therefore, our phototransistors exhibit a high photoresponsivity of more than 5.7 × 105A/W, an outstanding detectivity of 1.15 × 1018 Jones, and an excellent photosensitivity of 5 × 107 under 760 nm light illumination, which are better than those of conventional lateral organic phototransistors. This work provides a new approach for the development of high-performance phototransistors, which opens a new pathway for organic phototransistors in practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dengxiao Lai
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihua He
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Enlong Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huaan Zeng
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Han D, Zhang Q, He Z, Lu Y. Synthesis and properties of fluorinated
benzotriazole‐based donor‐acceptor‐type
conjugated polymers via
Pd‐catalyzed
direct
CH
/
CH
coupling polymerization. Journal of Polymer Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Dong Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Zewang He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gogoi G, Bhattacharya L, Sahoo SR, Sahu S, Sarma NS, Sharma S. Enhancement of air-stability, π-stacking ability, and charge transport properties of fluoroalkyl side chain engineered n-type naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide compounds. RSC Adv 2021; 11:57-70. [PMID: 35423045 PMCID: PMC8690421 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08345c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the impact of fluoroalkyl side chain substitution on the air-stability, π-stacking ability, and charge transport properties of the versatile acceptor moiety naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) has been explored. A density functional theory (DFT) study has been carried out for a series of 24 compounds having different side chains (alkyl, fluoroalkyl) through the imide nitrogen position of NDI moiety. The fluoroalkyl side chain engineered NDI compounds have much deeper highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) than those of their alkyl substituted compounds due to the electron withdrawing nature of fluoroalkyl groups. The higher electron affinity (EA > 2.8 eV) and low-lying LUMO levels (<−4.00 eV) for fluoroalkyl substituted NDIs reveal that they may exhibit better air-stability with superior n-type character. The computed optical absorption spectra (∼386 nm) for all the investigated NDIs using time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) lie in the ultra-violet (UV) region of the solar spectrum. In addition, the low value of the LOLIPOP (Localized Orbital Locator Integrated Pi Over Plane) index for fluoroalkyl side chain comprising NDI compounds indicates better π–π stacking ability. This is also in good agreement for the predicted π–π stacking interaction obtained from a molecular electrostatic potential energy surface (ESP) study. The π–π stacking is thought to be of cofacial interaction for the fluoroalkyl substituted compounds and herringbone interaction for the alkyl substituted compounds. The calculated results shed light on why side chain engineering with fluoroalkyl groups can effectively lead to better air-stability, π-stacking ability and improved charge transport properties. In this study, the impact of fluoroalkyl side chain substitution on the air-stability, π-stacking ability, and charge transport properties of the versatile acceptor moiety naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) has been explored.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautomi Gogoi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| | - Labanya Bhattacharya
- High Performance Computing Lab
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Smruti R. Sahoo
- High Performance Computing Lab
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- High Performance Computing Lab
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Neelotpal Sen Sarma
- Advanced Materials Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology
- Guwahati-781035
- India
| | - Sagar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Fundamental and Applied Sciences
- Assam Don Bosco University
- Guwahati-782402
- India
| |
Collapse
|