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Chen T, Banda H, Wang J, Oppenheim JJ, Franceschi A, Dincǎ M. A Layered Organic Cathode for High-Energy, Fast-Charging, and Long-Lasting Li-Ion Batteries. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:569-578. [PMID: 38559291 PMCID: PMC10979494 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Eliminating the use of critical metals in cathode materials can accelerate global adoption of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Organic cathode materials, derived entirely from earth-abundant elements, are in principle ideal alternatives but have not yet challenged inorganic cathodes due to poor conductivity, low practical storage capacity, or poor cyclability. Here, we describe a layered organic electrode material whose high electrical conductivity, high storage capacity, and complete insolubility enable reversible intercalation of Li+ ions, allowing it to compete at the electrode level, in all relevant metrics, with inorganic-based lithium-ion battery cathodes. Our optimized cathode stores 306 mAh g-1cathode, delivers an energy density of 765 Wh kg-1cathode, higher than most cobalt-based cathodes, and can charge-discharge in as little as 6 min. These results demonstrate the operational competitiveness of sustainable organic electrode materials in practical batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Harish Banda
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiande Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julius J. Oppenheim
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Mircea Dincǎ
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Bauer W, Müller M, Schneider L, Häringer M, Bohn N, Binder JR, Klemens J, Scharfer P, Schabel W, Ehrenberg H. Using Hierarchically Structured, Nanoporous Particles as Building Blocks for NCM111 Cathodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:134. [PMID: 38251099 PMCID: PMC10821151 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have many advantages as active materials, such as a short diffusion length, low charge transfer resistance, or a reduced probability of cracking. However, their low packing density makes them unsuitable for commercial battery applications. Hierarchically structured microparticles are synthesized from nanoscale primary particles by targeted aggregation. Due to their open accessible porosity, they retain the advantages of nanomaterials but can be packed much more densely. However, the intrinsic porosity of the secondary particles leads to limitations in processing properties and increases the overall porosity of the electrode, which must be balanced against the improved rate stability and increased lifetime. This is demonstrated for an established cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2, NCM111). For active materials with low electrical or ionic conductivity, especially post-lithium systems, hierarchically structured particles are often the only way to produce competitive electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Bauer
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.E.)
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.E.)
| | - Luca Schneider
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.E.)
| | - Marcel Häringer
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.E.)
| | - Nicole Bohn
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.E.)
| | - Joachim R. Binder
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.E.)
| | - Julian Klemens
- Thin Film Technology (TFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany (W.S.)
| | - Philip Scharfer
- Thin Film Technology (TFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany (W.S.)
| | - Wilhelm Schabel
- Thin Film Technology (TFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany (W.S.)
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany (H.E.)
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3
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Martens I, Vanpeene V, Vostrov N, Leake S, Zatterin E, Auvergniot J, Drnec J, Richard MI, Villanova J, Schulli T. Imaging Voids and Defects Inside Li-Ion Cathode LiNi 0.6Mn 0.2Co 0.2O 2 Single Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59319-59328. [PMID: 38085792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion battery cathode active materials obtained from different sources or preparation methods often exhibit broadly divergent performance and stability despite no obvious differences in morphology, purity, and crystallinity. We show how state-of-the-art, commercial, nominally single crystalline LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC-622) particles possess extensive internal nanostructure even in the pristine state. Scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy reveals the presence of interlayer strain gradients, and crystal bending is attributed to oxygen vacancies. Phase contrast X-ray nano-tomography reveals two different kinds of particles, welded/aggregated, and single crystal like, and emphasizes the intra- and interparticle heterogeneities from the nano- to the microscale. It also detects within the imaging resolution (100 nm) substantial quantities of nanovoids hidden inside the bulk of two-thirds of the overall studied particles (around 3000), with an average value of 12.5%v per particle and a mean size of 148 nm. The powerful combination of both techniques helps prescreening and quantifying the defective nature of cathode material and thus anticipating their performance in electrode assembly/battery testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Martens
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Victor Vanpeene
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, LITEN, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Nikita Vostrov
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven Leake
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Villanova
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias Schulli
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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4
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Yu L, Zhou X, Lu L, Wu X, Wang F. Recent Developments of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for High-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5361-5407. [PMID: 32776650 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium ion batteries have been considered as a promising energy-storage solution, the performance of which depends on the electrochemical properties of each component, including cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator. Currently, fast charging is becoming an attractive research field due to the widespread application of batteries in electric vehicles, which are designated to replace conventional diesel automobiles in the future. In these batteries, rate capability, which is closely linked to the topology and morphology of electrode materials, is one of the determining parameters of interest. It has been revealed that nanotechnology is an exceptional tool in designing and preparing cathodes and anodes with outstanding electrochemical kinetics due to the well-known nanosizing effect. Nevertheless, the negative effects of applying nanomaterials in electrodes sometimes outweigh the benefits. To better understand the exact function of nanostructures in solid-state electrodes, herein, a comprehensive review is provided beginning with the fundamental theory of lithium ion transport in solids, which is then followed by a detailed analysis of several major factors affecting the migration of lithium ions in solid-state electrodes. The latest developments in characterisation techniques, based on either electrochemical or radiology methodologies, are covered as well. In addition, state-of-the-art research findings are provided to illustrate the effect of nanomaterials and nanostructures in promoting the rate performance of lithium ion batteries. Finally, several challenges and shortcomings of applying nanotechnology in fabricating high-rate lithium ion batteries are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoLi Wu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - FengJun Wang
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
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Kim MS, Lee BH, Park JH, Lee HS, Hooch Antink W, Jung E, Kim J, Yoo TY, Lee CW, Ahn CY, Kang SM, Bok J, Ko W, Wang X, Cho SP, Yu SH, Hyeon T, Sung YE. Operando Identification of the Chemical and Structural Origin of Li-Ion Battery Aging at Near-Ambient Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13406-13414. [PMID: 32608979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Integrated with heat-generating devices, a Li-ion battery (LIB) often operates at 20-40 °C higher than the ordinary working temperature. Although macroscopic investigation of the thermal contribution has shown a significant reduction in the LIB performance, the molecular level structural and chemical origin of battery aging in a mild thermal environment has not been elucidated. On the basis of the combined experiments of the electrochemical measurements, Cs-corrected electron microscopy, and in situ analyses, we herein provide operando structural and chemical insights on how a mild thermal environment affects the overall battery performance using anatase TiO2 as a model intercalation compound. Interestingly, a mild thermal condition induces excess lithium intercalation even at near-ambient temperature (45 °C), which does not occur at the ordinary working temperature. The anomalous intercalation enables excess lithium storage in the first few cycles but exerts severe intracrystal stress, consequently cracking the crystal that leads to battery aging. Importantly, this mild thermal effect is accumulated upon cycling, resulting in irreversible capacity loss even after the thermal condition is removed. Battery aging at a high working temperature is universal in nearly all intercalation compounds, and therefore, it is significant to understand how the thermal condition contributes to battery aging for designing intercalation compounds for advanced battery electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wytse Hooch Antink
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiyeon Jung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yeong Ahn
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Mun Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Bok
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjae Ko
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Cho
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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