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Dos Santos JM, Hall D, Basumatary B, Bryden M, Chen D, Choudhary P, Comerford T, Crovini E, Danos A, De J, Diesing S, Fatahi M, Griffin M, Gupta AK, Hafeez H, Hämmerling L, Hanover E, Haug J, Heil T, Karthik D, Kumar S, Lee O, Li H, Lucas F, Mackenzie CFR, Mariko A, Matulaitis T, Millward F, Olivier Y, Qi Q, Samuel IDW, Sharma N, Si C, Spierling L, Sudhakar P, Sun D, Tankelevičiu Tė E, Duarte Tonet M, Wang J, Wang T, Wu S, Xu Y, Zhang L, Zysman-Colman E. The Golden Age of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials: Design and Exploitation. Chem Rev 2024; 124:13736-14110. [PMID: 39666979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Since the seminal report by Adachi and co-workers in 2012, there has been a veritable explosion of interest in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds, particularly as emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). With rapid advancements and innovation in materials design, the efficiencies of TADF OLEDs for each of the primary color points as well as for white devices now rival those of state-of-the-art phosphorescent emitters. Beyond electroluminescent devices, TADF compounds have also found increasing utility and applications in numerous related fields, from photocatalysis, to sensing, to imaging and beyond. Following from our previous review in 2017 ( Adv. Mater. 2017, 1605444), we here comprehensively document subsequent advances made in TADF materials design and their uses from 2017-2022. Correlations highlighted between structure and properties as well as detailed comparisons and analyses should assist future TADF materials development. The necessarily broadened breadth and scope of this review attests to the bustling activity in this field. We note that the rapidly expanding and accelerating research activity in TADF material development is indicative of a field that has reached adolescence, with an exciting maturity still yet to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Marques Dos Santos
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Biju Basumatary
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Megan Bryden
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Praveen Choudhary
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Thomas Comerford
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Ettore Crovini
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Joydip De
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Stefan Diesing
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Mahni Fatahi
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Máire Griffin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Hassan Hafeez
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Lea Hämmerling
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Emily Hanover
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Janine Haug
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tabea Heil
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Durai Karthik
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Oliver Lee
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Haoyang Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Fabien Lucas
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | | | - Aminata Mariko
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Francis Millward
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Quan Qi
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Leander Spierling
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Pagidi Sudhakar
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Dianming Sun
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Eglė Tankelevičiu Tė
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Michele Duarte Tonet
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Jingxiang Wang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Sen Wu
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Yan Xu
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
| | - Le Zhang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, UK
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Liu D, Yang GX, Chen Z, Xie W, Li D, Li W, Lin J, Nie X, Li Z, Liang B, Yang Z, Wang Z, Pu J, Sun G, Shen C, Li M, Su SJ. Highly Horizontal Oriented Tricomponent Exciplex Host with Multiple Reverse Intersystem Crossing Channels for High-Performance Narrowband Electroluminescence and Eye-Protection White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403584. [PMID: 38897229 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with small full-width at half maximum are attractive for wide color-gamut display and eye-protection lighting applications, their inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and long exciton lifetime induce serious efficiency roll-off, which significantly limits their development. Herein, a novel device concept of building highly efficient tricomponent exciplex with multiple RISC channels is proposed to realize reduced exciton quenching and enhanced upconversion of nonradiative triplet excitons, and subsequently used as a host for high-performance MR-TADF organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Compared with traditional binary exciplex, the tricomponent exciplex exhibits obviously improved photoluminescence quantum yield, emitting dipole orientation and RISC rate constant, and a record-breaking external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.4% is achieved for tricomponent exciplex p-PhBCzPh: PO-T2T: DspiroAc-TRZ (50: 20: 30) based OLED. Remarkably, maximum EQEs of 36.2% and 40.3% and ultralow efficiency roll-off with EQEs of 26.1% and 30.0% at 1000 cd m-2 are respectively achieved for its sky-blue and pure-green MR-TADF doped OLEDs. Additionally, the blue emission unit hosted by tricomponent exciplex is combined with an orange-red TADF emission unit to achieve a double-emission-layer blue-hazard-free warm white OLED with an EQEmax of 30.3% and stable electroluminescence spectra over a wide brightness range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Liu
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guo-Xi Yang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wentao Xie
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Deli Li
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianying Lin
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuewei Nie
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhizhi Li
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | | | - Zhihai Yang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Pu
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guanwei Sun
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chenyang Shen
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mengke Li
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Jiao Y, Qiu W, Li M, Su SJ. Modulation of Intermolecular Interactions in Organic Emitters for Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401635. [PMID: 38794783 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The adverse aggregated-caused quenching (ACQ) problem of most electroluminescent materials existing in highly doped thin films is one of the key factors impeding the commercialization of high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) panel. Whereas, by delicately constructing and modulating moderate intermolecular interactions, some aggregates have been demonstrated to present distinct luminescent properties such as tunable emission spectra, improved photoluminescence quantum yields, different emission mechanism and enhanced horizontal transition dipole ratio (Θ) of emitting layer, providing feasible solution for ACQ problem. The luminescence from newly generated emissive state in aggregates is different from the traditional "isolated" molecules in organic electronics and will possess novel properties and applications. Herein, we summarize the different types of intermolecular interactions within emitter aggregates exhibiting distinct luminescent mechanisms, as well as their effects on photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties, offering reliable reference for the advancement of highly efficient OLEDs utilizing aggregated emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Wu SJ, Fu XF, Zhang DH, Sun YF, Lu X, Lin FL, Meng L, Chen XL, Lu CZ. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Nanosecond Emission Lifetimes and Minor Concentration Quenching: Achieving High-Performance Nondoped and Doped Blue OLEDs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401724. [PMID: 38575151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), ultrashort exciton lifetime, and suppressed concentration quenching in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is desirable yet challenging. Here, a novel acceptor-donor-acceptor type TADF emitter, namely, 2BO-sQA, wherein two oxygen-bridged triarylboron (BO) acceptors are arranged with cofacial alignment and positioned nearly orthogonal to the rigid dispirofluorene-quinolinoacridine (sQA) donor is reported. This molecular design enables the compound to achieve highly efficient (PLQYs up to 99%) and short-lived (nanosecond-scale) blue TADF with effectively suppressed concentration quenching in films. Consequently, the doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) base on 2BO-sQA achieve exceptional electroluminescence performance across a broad range of doping concentrations, maintaining maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) at over 30% for doping concentrations ranging from 10 to 70 wt%. Remarkably, the nondoped blue OLED achieves a record-high maximum EQE of 26.6% with a small efficiency roll-off of 14.0% at 1000 candelas per square meter. By using 2BO-sQA as the sensitizer for the multiresonance TADF emitter ν-DABNA, TADF-sensitized fluorescence OLEDs achieve high-efficiency deep-blue emission. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this molecular design in developing TADF emitters with high efficiency, ultrashort exciton lifetime, and minimal concentration quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Xi-Feng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Dong-Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yu-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Fu-Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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Guo S, Jin X, Zhang D, Zhou H, Yu C, Huang J, Zhang Z, Su J. Exploring Efficient Dual-Phase Emissive Fluorophores with High Mobility by Integrating a Rigid Donor and Flexible Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10407-10416. [PMID: 38365193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing luminogens with a high emission efficiency in both single-molecule and aggregate states, as well as high mobility, shows promise for advancing the iteration and update of organic optoelectronic materials. However, achieving a delicate balance between the plane configuration of luminophores and the strong exciton interactions of aggregates is a formidable task from the molecular design perspective. This dilemma was overcome by integrating a rigid donor and flexible acceptor to establish donor-acceptor (D-A) type emitters. The π-conjugate-extended donor ensures the substantial planarity of these molecules, allowing strong emission in solution with photoluminescence quantum yield values of 86% and 75%. Furthermore, the restricted molecular motion of the aggregation-induced emission moiety and the formation of J-aggregates reduce the quenching effect, leading to a high emissive efficiency of 85% and 91% in the aggregate state. The mildly distorted D-A geometry builds moderate electrostatic interaction, resulting in high mobility with μM,h of 7.12 × 10-5 and 3.27 × 10-4 cm2/V s. Additionally, an improved synthesized procedure for terminal E-configured acrylonitrile with metal-free and concise reaction conditions is presented. The successful application of the synthesized compounds in organic light-emitting diode devices demonstrates the practicability of the molecular design strategy with connecting a rigid donor and flexible acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Daheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Siddiqui I, Kumar S, Tsai YF, Gautam P, Shahnawaz, Kesavan K, Lin JT, Khai L, Chou KH, Choudhury A, Grigalevicius S, Jou JH. Status and Challenges of Blue OLEDs: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2521. [PMID: 37764550 PMCID: PMC10536903 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have outperformed conventional display technologies in smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, and televisions while gradually growing to cover a sizable fraction of the solid-state lighting industry. Blue emission is a crucial chromatic component for realizing high-quality red, green, blue, and yellow (RGBY) and RGB white display technologies and solid-state lighting sources. For consumer products with desirable lifetimes and efficiency, deep blue emissions with much higher power efficiency and operation time are necessary prerequisites. This article reviews over 700 papers covering various factors, namely, the crucial role of blue emission for full-color displays and solid-state lighting, the performance status of blue OLEDs, and the systematic development of fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence blue emitters. In addition, various challenges concerning deep blue efficiency, lifetime, and approaches to realizing deeper blue emission and higher efficacy for blue OLED devices are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Prakalp Gautam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shahnawaz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kiran Kesavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Luke Khai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsien Chou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Abhijeet Choudhury
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Saulius Grigalevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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7
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Xiong W, Zhang C, Fang Y, Peng M, Sun W. Progresses and Perspectives of Near-Infrared Emission Materials with "Heavy Metal-Free" Organic Compounds for Electroluminescence. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 36616447 PMCID: PMC9823557 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic/polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs) have attracted a rising number of investigations due to their promising applications for high-resolution fullcolor displays and energy-saving solid-state lightings. Near-infrared (NIR) emitting dyes have gained increasing attention for their potential applications in electroluminescence and optical imaging in optical tele-communication platforms, sensing and medical diagnosis in recent decades. And a growing number of people focus on the "heavy metal-free" NIR electroluminescent materials to gain more design freedom with cost advantage. This review presents recent progresses in conjugated polymers and organic molecules for OLEDs/PLEDs according to their different luminous mechanism and constructing systems. The relationships between the organic fluorophores structures and electroluminescence properties are the main focus of this review. Finally, the approaches to enhance the performance of NIR OLEDs/PLEDs are described briefly. We hope that this review could provide a new perspective for NIR materials and inspire breakthroughs in fundamental research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Mingsheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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8
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All-fluorescence white organic light-emitting diodes with record-beating power efficiencies over 130 lm W ‒1 and small roll-offs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5154. [PMID: 36056014 PMCID: PMC9440051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving power efficiency (PE) and reducing roll-off are of significant importance for the commercialization of white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) in consideration of energy conservation. Herein, record-beating PE of 130.7 lm W−1 and outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.1% are achieved in all-fluorescence two-color WOLEDs based on a simple sandwich configuration of emitting layer consisting of sky-blue and orange delayed fluorescence materials. By introducing a red fluorescence dopant, all-fluorescence three-color WOLEDs with high color rendering index are constructed based on an interlayer sensitization configuration, furnishing ultrahigh PE of 110.7 lm W−1 and EQE of 30.8%. More importantly, both two-color and three-color WOLEDs maintain excellent PEs at operating luminance with smaller roll-offs than the reported state-of-the-art WOLEDs, and further device optimization realizes outstanding comprehensive performances of low driving voltages, large luminance, high PEs and long operational lifetimes. The underlying mechanisms of the impressive device performances are elucidated by host-tuning effect and electron-trapping effect, providing useful guidance for the development of energy-conserving all-fluorescence WOLEDs. High power efficiency and low roll-off values are essential to the commercialization of white organic light-emitting diodes. Here, the authors construct all-fluorescence devices with an orange emitting layer sandwiched between two sky-blue emitting layers, achieving figure-of-merit of 130.7 lm/W.
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9
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Zhao M, Li M, Li W, Du S, Chen Z, Luo M, Qiu Y, Lu X, Yang S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Su S, Ge Z. Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters in Non‐Doped Electroluminescent Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210687. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Songyu Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Xumin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhichuan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
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10
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Yang GX, Liu DH, Jiang SM, Yang ZH, Chen ZJ, Qiu WD, Gan YY, Liu KK, Li DL, Su SJ. Novel Polycyclic Fused Amide Derivatives: Properties and Applications for Sky-blue Electroluminescent Devices. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165181. [PMID: 36014422 PMCID: PMC9414544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic imide derivatives play a critical role in boosting the electroluminescent (EL) performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the majority of aromatic imide-based materials are limited to long wavelength emission OLEDs rather than blue emissions due to their strong electron-withdrawing characteristics. Herein, two novel polycyclic fused amide units were reported as electron acceptor to be combined with either a tetramethylcarbazole or acridine donor via a phenyl linker to generate four conventional fluorescence blue emitters of BBI-4MeCz, BBI-DMAC, BSQ-4MeCz and BSQ-DMAC for the first time. BSQ-4MeCz and BSQ-DMAC based on a BSQ unit exhibited higher thermal stability and photoluminescence quantum yields than BBI-4MeCz and BBI-DMAC based on a BBI unit due to their more planar acceptor structure. The intermolecular interactions that exist in the BSQ series materials effectively inhibit the molecular rotation and configuration relaxation, and thus allow for blue-shifted emissions. Blue OLED devices were constructed with the developed materials as emitters, and the effects of both the structure of the polycyclic fused amide acceptor and the electron donor on the EL performance were clarified. Consequently, a sky-blue OLED device based on BSQ-DMAC was created, with a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.94% and a maximum luminance of 7761 cd m−2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De-Li Li
- Correspondence: (D.-L.L.); (S.-J.S.)
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11
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Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters in Non‐Doped Electroluminescent Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Su R, Huang Z. "H-Type" Like Constructed Dimer: Another Way to Enhance the Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Effect. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11497-11502. [PMID: 34797082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are an essential part of TADF-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). All the reported methods to improve the performance of TADF materials were focused on achieving a high reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) and oscillator strength (f), but most of them were studies on single molecular states. In this paper, we have discovered a new dimer architecture called the "H-type" like dimer and proved that the "H-type" like dimer is another way to improve the performance of TADF materials by calculation and experiment. The calculated energy levels of excited states only provided 1.72-5.46% relative errors (RE) compare with the measured values, which indicated that the methods we chose were suitable for predicting the properties. The intermolecular interactions of the "H-type" like dimer endow it with much larger f and kRISC properties than monomer states, proving that the "H-type" like dimer could improve the performance of TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchuan Su
- Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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13
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Fu Y, Liu H, Yang D, Ma D, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Boosting external quantum efficiency to 38.6% of sky-blue delayed fluorescence molecules by optimizing horizontal dipole orientation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2504. [PMID: 34669483 PMCID: PMC8528420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high electroluminescence efficiency, great efforts are devoted to enhancing photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) and exciton utilization of luminescent molecule, while another important factor, light out-coupling efficiency (ηout), receives less attention in molecule design. Here, we focus on horizontal dipole orientation engineering of the molecule to increase ηout and external quantum efficiency (ηext). A series of tailor-made luminescent molecules consisting of an electron-accepting carbonyl core plus double electron-donating groups of spiro[acridine-9,9′-fluorene] and carbazole derivatives [e.g., 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene] are developed and systematically investigated. These molecules hold distinguished merits of strong sky-blue delayed fluorescence with excellent ΦPL values, large horizontal dipole ratios, and balanced bipolar carrier transport, which furnish record-high ηext values of up to 26.1 and 38.6% in nondoped and doped sky-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), respectively. Moreover, the state-of-the-art nondoped hybrid white OLED and all-fluorescence single-emitting layer white OLED are also realized, demonstrating great potentials in OLED industry of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510530, China
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14
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Liu Y, Hua L, Zhao Z, Ying S, Ren Z, Yan S. High-Efficiency Solution-Processable OLEDs by Employing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Multiple Conversion Channels of Triplet Excitons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101326. [PMID: 34313017 PMCID: PMC8456236 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art luminescent materials are gained widely by utilizing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism. However, the feasible molecular designing strategy of fully exploiting triplet excitons to enhance TADF properties is still in demand. Herein, TADF emitters with multiple conversion channels of triplet excitons are designed by concisely halogenating the electron acceptors containing carbonyl moiety. Compared with the chlorinated and brominated analogues, the fluorinated emitter exhibits distinguishing molecular stacking structures, participating in the formation of trimers through integrating CH···F and C═O···H hydrogen bonds together. It is also demonstrated that the multiple channels can be involved synergistically to accelerate the spin-flip of triplet excitons, and to take charge of the relatively superior reverse intersystem crossing constant rate of 6.20 × 105 s-1 , and thus excellent photoluminescence quantum yields over 90% can easily be achieved. Then the solution-processable organic light emitting diode based on fluorinated emitter can achieve a record-high external quantum efficiency value of 27.13% and relatively low efficiency roll-off with remaining 24.74% at 1000 cd m-2 . This result manifests the significance of enhancing photophysical properties through constructing multiple conversion channels of triplets excitons for high-efficiency TADF emitters and provides a guideline for the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsMinistry of EducationQingdao University of Science & TechnologyQingdao266042P.R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Shian Ying
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsMinistry of EducationQingdao University of Science & TechnologyQingdao266042P.R. China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsMinistry of EducationQingdao University of Science & TechnologyQingdao266042P.R. China
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15
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Balijapalli U, Lee Y, Karunathilaka BSB, Tumen‐Ulzii G, Auffray M, Tsuchiya Y, Nakanotani H, Adachi C. Tetrabenzo[
a
,
c
]phenazine Backbone for Highly Efficient Orange–Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Completely Horizontal Molecular Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umamahesh Balijapalli
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yi‐Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ganbaatar Tumen‐Ulzii
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Morgan Auffray
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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16
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Arai H, Sasabe H, Tsuneyama H, Kumada K, Kido J. Asymmetric Spirobiacridine-based Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for High-performance Organic Light-Emitting Devices. Chemistry 2021; 27:10869-10874. [PMID: 33938609 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, researchers have focused on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for efficient future lighting and displays. Among TADF emitters, a combination of triazine and acridine is a promising candidate for realizing high-efficiency organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, simultaneous development of perfect horizontal orientation (Θ=100 %) and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 40 % is still challenging. Here, to obtain insights for further improvements of a triazine/acridine combination, various asymmetric spirobiacridine (SBA)-based TADF emitters with a unity photoluminescence quantum yield and high Θ ratio of over 80 % were developed. Furthermore, the substitution effects of the triazine acceptor unit on the photophysical properties were studied, including molecular orientations and OLED performance. The corresponding OLED exhibited sky-blue emission with a high EQE of over 30 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Arai
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Sasabe
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 9928510, Japan.,Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.,Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hisaki Tsuneyama
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Kumada
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 9928510, Japan.,Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.,Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
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17
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Balijapalli U, Lee YT, Karunathilaka BSB, Tumen-Ulzii G, Auffray M, Tsuchiya Y, Nakanotani H, Adachi C. Tetrabenzo[a,c]phenazine Backbone for Highly Efficient Orange-Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Completely Horizontal Molecular Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19364-19373. [PMID: 34155775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules, namely PQ1, PQ2, and PQ3, are composed of electron-accepting (A) tetrabenzo[a,c]phenazine (TBPZ) and electron-donating (D) phenoxazine (PXZ) units are designed and characterized. The combined effects of planar acceptor manipulation and high steric hindrance between D and A units endow high molecular rigidity that suppresses nonradiative decay of the excitons with improved photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Particularly, the well-aligned excited states involving a singlet and a triplet charge-transfer excited states and a localized excited triplet state in PQ3 enhances the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (kRISC ) with a short delay lifetime (τd ). The orange-red OLED based on PQ3 displays a maximum external EL quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.4 % with a well-suppressed EL efficiency roll-off owing to a completely horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moment in the film state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umamahesh Balijapalli
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Buddhika S B Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ganbaatar Tumen-Ulzii
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Morgan Auffray
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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18
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Witte F, Rietsch P, Sinha S, Krappe A, Joswig JO, Götze JP, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Resch-Genger U, Eigler S, Paulus B. Fluorescence Quenching in J-Aggregates through the Formation of Unusual Metastable Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4438-4446. [PMID: 33881311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular aggregation alters the optical properties of a system as fluorescence may be activated or quenched. This is usually described within the well-established framework of H- and J-aggregates. While H-aggregates show nonfluorescent blueshifted absorption bands with respect to the isolated monomer, J-aggregates are fluorescent displaying a redshifted peak. In this publication, we employ a combined approach of experiment and theory to study the complex aggregation features and photophysical properties of diaminodicyanoquinone derivatives, which show unusual and puzzling nonfluorescent redshifted absorption bands upon aggregation. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that stable aggregates do not account for the experimental observations. Instead, we propose an unprecedented mechanism involving metastable dimeric species formed from stable dimers to generate nonfluorescent J-aggregates. These results represent a novel kind of aggregation-induced optical effect and may have broad implications for the photophysics of dye aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Witte
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Rietsch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shreya Sinha
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Krappe
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-O Joswig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P Götze
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Xia G, Qu C, Zhu Y, Ye J, Ye K, Zhang Z, Wang Y. A TADF Emitter Featuring Linearly Arranged Spiro‐Donor and Spiro‐Acceptor Groups: Efficient Nondoped and Doped Deep‐Blue OLEDs with CIE
y
<0.1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jianjiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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20
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Xia G, Qu C, Zhu Y, Ye J, Ye K, Zhang Z, Wang Y. A TADF Emitter Featuring Linearly Arranged Spiro-Donor and Spiro-Acceptor Groups: Efficient Nondoped and Doped Deep-Blue OLEDs with CIE y <0.1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9598-9603. [PMID: 33512756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a molecular design strategy of deep-blue emitters for resolving the lack of highly efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) featuring CIEy (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) color coordinates matching the display requirements (<0.1). The strategy is to combine weak spiro-donor and spiro-acceptor groups into a linear donor-π-acceptor type of thermally-activated delayed fluorescence molecule through a sterically bulky π-spacer. The strategy endows an emitter with deep-blue emission, a narrower emission bandwidth (51 nm in toluene), a high photoluminescence quantum yield (0.95 in toluene), weak concentration quenching, and efficient triplet-exciton utilization, which are all attractive characteristics for emitters of deep-blue OLEDs with lower CIEy coordinates. Owing to the rational design, the emitter has realized not only highly efficient doped deep-blue OLEDs with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 25.4 % and CIEy less than 0.1 but also so far the most efficient nondoped deep-blue OLED (EQE up to 22.5 %) with CIEy less than 0.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianjiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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21
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Li W, Li M, Li W, Xu Z, Gan L, Liu K, Zheng N, Ning C, Chen D, Wu YC, Su SJ. Spiral Donor Design Strategy for Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5302-5311. [PMID: 33470809 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with a spiral donor show tremendous potential toward high-level efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the underlying design strategy of the spiral donor used for blue TADF emitters remains unclear. As a consequence, researchers often do "try and error" work in the development of new functional spiral donor fragments, making it slow and inefficient. Herein, we demonstrate that the energy level relationships between the spiral donor and the luminophore lead to a significant effect on the photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) of the target materials. In addition, a method involving quantum chemistry simulations that can accurately predict the aforementioned energy level relationships by simulating the spin density distributions of the triplet excited states of the spiral donor and corresponding TADF emitters and the triplet excited natural transition orbitals of the TADF emitters is established. Moreover, it also revealed that the steric hindrance in this series of molecules can form a nearly unchanged singlet (S1) state geometry, leading to a reduced nonradiative decay and high PLQY, while a moderated donor-acceptor (D-A) torsion in the triplet (T1) state can induce a strong vibronic coupling between the charge-transfer triplet (3CT) state and the local triplet (3LE) state, achieving an effective reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. Furthermore, an electric-magnetic coupling is formed between the high-lying 3LE state and the charge-transfer singlet (1CT) state, which may open another RISC channel. Remarkably, in company with the optimized molecular structure and energy alignment, the pivotal TADF emitter DspiroS-TRZ achieved 99.9% PLQY, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 38.4%, which is the highest among all blue TADF emitters reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhida Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Chun Wu
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., No.9-2, Tang Ming Avenue, Guang Ming District, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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22
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Yoon J, Kim SK, Kim HJ, Choi S, Jung SW, Lee H, Kim JY, Yoon DW, Han CW, Chae WS, Kwon JH, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Asymmetric Host Molecule Bearing Pyridine Core for Highly Efficient Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs. Chemistry 2020; 26:16383-16391. [PMID: 32686232 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two host materials, pCzBzbCz and pCzPybCz, are synthesized to achieve a high efficiency and long lifetime of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (TADF-OLEDs). The molecular design strategy involves the introduction of a pyridine group into the core structure of pCzPybCz as an electron-withdrawing unit, and an electron-donating phenyl group into the structure of pCzBzbCz. These host materials demonstrate good thermal stability and high triplet energy (T1 =3.07 eV for pCzBzbCz and 3.06 eV for pCzPybCz) for the fabrication of blue TADF-OLEDs. In particular, pCzPybCz-based OLED devices demonstrate an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.7 % and an operational lifetime of 24 h (LT90 , time to attain 90 % of initial luminance) at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2 . This superior lifetime could be explained by the C-N bond dissociation energy (BDE) in the host molecular structure. Furthermore, a mixed-host system using the electron-deficient 2,4-bis(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DDBFT) is proposed to inhibit the formation of the anion state of our host materials. In short, the device operational lifetime is further improved by applying DDBFT. The carbazole-based asymmetric host molecule containing a pyridine core realizes a high-efficiency blue TADF-OLED showing a positive effect on the operating lifetime, and can provide useful strategies for designing new host materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Institution Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Institution Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suna Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Institution Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Jung
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Lee
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yun Kim
- LG Display, Co., Ltd., LG Science Park, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Wi Yoon
- LG Display, Co., Ltd., LG Science Park, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Han
- LG Display, Co., Ltd., LG Science Park, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Institution Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Institution Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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23
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Che W, Xie Y, Li Z. Structural Design of Blue‐to‐Red Thermally‐Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules by Adjusting the Strength between Donor and Acceptor. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Che
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China)
| | - Yujun Xie
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China)
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China)
- Sauvage Center for Molecular SciencesDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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