1
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Zhang F, Li Z, Wang X. Mechanically tunable organogels from highly charged polyoxometalate clusters loaded with fluorescent dyes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8327. [PMID: 38097637 PMCID: PMC10721816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanowires-based organogel, a class of emerging organogel with convenient preparation, recyclability, and excellent mechanical properties, is in its infancy. Solidifying and functionalizing nanowires-based organogels by designing the gelator structure remains challenging. Here, we fabricate Ca2-P2W16 and Ca2-P2W15M nanowires utilizing highly charged [Ca2P2W16O60]10- and [Ca2P2W15MO60]14-/13- cluster units, respectively, which are then employed for preparing organogels. The mechanical performance and stability of prepared organogels are improved due to the enhanced interactions between nanowires and locked organic molecules. Compressive stress and tensile stress of Ca2-P2W16 nanowires-based organogel reach 34.5 and 29.0 kPa, respectively. The critical gel concentration of Ca2-P2W16 nanowires is as low as 0.28%. Single-molecule force spectroscopy confirms that the connections between cluster units and linkers can regulate the flexibility of nanowires. Furthermore, the incorporation of fluorophores into the organogels adds fluorescence properties. This work reveals the relationships between the microstructures of inorganic gelators and the properties of organogels, guiding the synthesis of high-performance and functional organogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Veeramuthu L, Cho CJ, Liang FC, Venkatesan M, Kumar G R, Hsu HY, Chung RJ, Lee CH, Lee WY, Kuo CC. Human Skin-Inspired Electrospun Patterned Robust Strain-Insensitive Pressure Sensors and Wearable Flexible Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30160-30173. [PMID: 35748505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable skin-inspired electronic skins present remarkable outgrowth in recent years because their promising comfort device integration, lightweight, and mechanically robust durable characteristics led to significant progresses in wearable sensors and optoelectronics. Wearable electronic devices demand real-time applicability and factors such as complex fabrication steps, manufacturing cost, and reliable and durable performances, severely limiting the utilization. Herein, we nominate a scalable solution-processable electrospun patterned candidate capable of forming ultralong mechanically robust nano-microdimensional fibers with higher uniformity. Nanofibrous patterned substrates present surface energy and silver nanoparticle crystallization shifts, contributing to strain-sensitive and -insensitive conductive electrodes (10 000 cycles of 50% strain). Synergistic robust stress releasing and durable electromechanical behavior engenders stretchable durable health sensors, strain-insensitive pressure sensors (sensitivity of ∼83 kPa-1 and 5000 durable cycles), robust alternating current electroluminescent displays, and flexible organic light-emitting diodes (20% improved luminescence and 300 flex endurance of 2 mm bend radius).
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Cheng Liang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Venkatesan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ranjith Kumar G
- International Graduate Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Yi Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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3
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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4
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Hao M, Wang Y, Li L, Lu Q, Sun F, Li L, Yang X, Li Y, Liu M, Feng S, Feng S, Zhang T. Stretchable multifunctional hydrogels for sensing electronics with effective EMI shielding properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9057-9065. [PMID: 34581395 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based soft and stretchable materials with skin/tissue-like mechanical properties provide new avenues for the design and fabrication of wearable sensors. However, synthesizing multifunctional hydrogels that simultaneously possess excellent mechanical, electrical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness is still a great challenge. In this work, the freeze-casting method is employed to fabricate a multifunctional hydrogel by filling Fe3O4 clusters into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite aqueous solution. The hydrogel possesses superior electrical and mechanical properties as well as great electromagnetic wave shielding properties. Benefiting from the high stretchability (∼904.5%) and fast sensing performance (response time ∼9 ms and self-recovery time ∼12 ms within the strain range ∼100%), the monitoring of human activities and manipulation of a remote-controlled toy car using the hydrogel-based stretchable strain sensors are successfully demonstrated. In addition, a great EMI shielding effectiveness with more than 46 dB in the frequencies of 8-12.5 GHz can be obtained, which provides an alternative strategy for designing next-generation EMI shielding materials. These results indicate that the multifunctional hydrogels can be used as flexible and stretchable sensing electronics requiring effective EMI shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hao
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Lu
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fuqin Sun
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lili Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Feng
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Simin Feng
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang L, Song T, Shi L, Wen N, Wu Z, Sun C, Jiang D, Guo Z. Recent progress for silver nanowires conducting film for flexible electronics. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 11:323-341. [PMID: 34367531 PMCID: PMC8325546 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-021-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Silver nanowires (AgNWs), as one-dimensional nanometallic materials, have attracted wide attention due to the excellent electrical conductivity, transparency and flexibility, especially in flexible and stretchable electronics. However, the microscopic discontinuities require AgNWs be attached to some carrier for practical applications. Relative to the preparation method, how to integrate AgNWs into the flexible matrix is particularly important. In recent years, plenty of papers have been published on the preparation of conductors based on AgNWs, including printing techniques, coating techniques, vacuum filtration techniques, template-assisted assembly techniques, electrospinning techniques and gelating techniques. The aim of this review is to discuss different assembly method of AgNW-based conducting film and their advantages. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT Conducting films based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been reviewed with a focus on their assembly and their advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianxu Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Zijian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Caiying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Dept Chem Engn, Integrated Composites Lab ICL, University of Tennessee System University of Tennessee Knoxville Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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6
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da Cruz ADSE, Puydinger Dos Santos MV, Campanelli RB, Pagliuso PG, Bettini J, Pirota KR, Béron F. Low-temperature electronic transport of manganese silicide shell-protected single crystal nanowires for nanoelectronics applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3251-3259. [PMID: 36133655 PMCID: PMC9419286 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, core-shell nanowires have been proposed as potential electrical connectors for nanoelectronics components. A promising candidate is Mn5Si3 nanowires encapsulated in an oxide shell, due to their low reactivity and large flexibility. In this work, we investigate the use of the one-step metallic flux nanonucleation method to easily grow manganese silicide single crystal oxide-protected nanowires by performing their structural and electrical characterization. We find that the fabrication method yields a room-temperature hexagonal crystalline structure with the c-axis along the nanowire. Moreover, the obtained nanowires are metallic at low temperature and low sensitive to a strong external magnetic field. Finally, we observe an unknown electron scattering mechanism for small diameters. In conclusion, the one-step metallic flux nanonucleation method yields intermetallic nanowires suitable for both integration in flexible nanoelectronics as well as low-dimensionality transport experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raul B Campanelli
- Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas 13083-859 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pascoal G Pagliuso
- Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas 13083-859 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) Campinas 13085-903 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Kleber R Pirota
- Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas 13083-859 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fanny Béron
- Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas 13083-859 São Paulo Brazil
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7
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Ji D, Kim J. Recent Strategies for Strengthening and Stiffening Tough Hydrogels. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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8
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Schrenker N, Xie Z, Schweizer P, Moninger M, Werner F, Karpstein N, Mačković M, Spyropoulos GD, Göbelt M, Christiansen S, Brabec CJ, Bitzek E, Spiecker E. Microscopic Deformation Modes and Impact of Network Anisotropy on the Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Five-fold Twinned Silver Nanowire Electrodes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:362-376. [PMID: 33231422 PMCID: PMC7844834 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks show excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which make them ideal candidates for transparent electrodes in flexible and stretchable devices. Various coating strategies and testing setups have been developed to further improve their stretchability and to evaluate their performance. Still, a comprehensive microscopic understanding of the relationship between mechanical and electrical failure is missing. In this work, the fundamental deformation modes of five-fold twinned AgNWs in anisotropic networks are studied by large-scale SEM straining tests that are directly correlated with corresponding changes in the resistance. A pronounced effect of the network anisotropy on the electrical performance is observed, which manifests itself in a one order of magnitude lower increase in resistance for networks strained perpendicular to the preferred wire orientation. Using a scale-bridging microscopy approach spanning from NW networks to single NWs to atomic-scale defects, we were able to identify three fundamental deformation modes of NWs, which together can explain this behavior: (i) correlated tensile fracture of NWs, (ii) kink formation due to compression of NWs in transverse direction, and (iii) NW bending caused by the interaction of NWs in the strained network. A key observation is the extreme deformability of AgNWs in compression. Considering HRTEM and MD simulations, this behavior can be attributed to specific defect processes in the five-fold twinned NW structure leading to the formation of NW kinks with grain boundaries combined with V-shaped surface reconstructions, both counteracting NW fracture. The detailed insights from this microscopic study can further improve fabrication and design strategies for transparent NW network electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine
J. Schrenker
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhuocheng Xie
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Metallurgy and Metal Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 14, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Moninger
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Werner
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Karpstein
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirza Mačković
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - George D. Spyropoulos
- Institute
of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
and ZAE Bayern: Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Göbelt
- Max-Planck
Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Max-Planck
Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute
of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
and ZAE Bayern: Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI-EerN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erik Bitzek
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute
of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis
and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Interdisciplinary
Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Cauerstrasse
3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Zhou X, Li C, Zhu L, Zhou X. Engineering hydrogels by soaking: from mechanical strengthening to environmental adaptation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13731-13747. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The soaking strategy could not only strengthen hydrogels with superior mechanical properties but also provide the hydrogels with environmentally adapting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
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