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Wang X, Sun P, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Zhou S, Yang P, Dong Y. Effects of the ZrO 2 Crystalline Phase and Morphology on the Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:611. [PMID: 38607145 PMCID: PMC11013148 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Thermocatalytic decomposition is an efficient purification technology that is potentially applicable to degrading chemical warfare agents and industrial toxic gases. In particular, ZrO2 has attracted attention as a catalyst for the thermocatalytic decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which is a simulant of the nerve gas sarin. However, the influence of the crystal phase and morphology on the catalytic performance of ZrO2 requires further exploration. In this study, monoclinic- and tetragonal-phase ZrO2 (m- and t-ZrO2, respectively) with nanoparticle, flower-like shape and hollow microsphere morphologies were prepared via hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, and their thermocatalytic decomposition of DMMP was systematically investigated. For a given morphology, m-ZrO2 performed better than t-ZrO2. For a given crystalline phase, the morphology of hollow microspheres resulted in the longest protection time. The exhaust gases generated by the thermocatalytic decomposition of DMMP mainly comprised H2, CO2, H2O and CH3OH, and the by-products were phosphorus oxide species. Thus, the deactivation of ZrO2 was attributed to the deposition of these phosphorous oxide species on the catalyst surface. These results are expected to help guide the development of catalysts for the safe disposal of chemical warfare agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (P.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (P.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ziwang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yimeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; (X.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Yanchun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
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2
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Giles SL, Kastl AM, Purdy AP, Leff AC, Ratchford DC, Maza WA, Baturina OA. Surface- and Structural-Dependent Reactivity of Titanium Oxide Nanostructures with 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9655-9666. [PMID: 35134290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Robust materials capable of heterogeneous reactivity are valuable for addressing toxic chemical clean up. Synthetic manipulations for generating titanium oxide nanomaterials have been utilized to alter both photochemical (1000 nm > λ > 400 nm) and chemical heterogeneous reactivity with 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES). Synthesizing TiO2 nanomaterials in the presence of long-chain alkylphosphonic acids enhanced the visible light-driven oxidation of the thioether sulfur of 2-CEES. Photooxidation reaction rates of 99 and 168 μmol/g/h (quantum yields of 5.07 × 10-4 and 8.58 × 10-4 molecules/photon, respectively) were observed for samples made with two different alkylphosphonic acids (C14H29PO3H2 and C9H19PO3H2, respectively). These observations are correlated with (i) generation of new surface defects/states (i.e., oxygen vacancies) as a result of TiO2 grafting by alkylphosphonic acid that may serve as reaction active sites, (ii) better light absorption by assemblies of nanorods and nanowires in comparison to individual nanorods, (iii) surface area differences, and (iv) the exclusion of OH groups due to the surface functionalization with alkylphosphonic acids via Ti-O-P bonds on the TiO2. Alternatively, nanowire-form H2Ti2O5·H2O was produced and found to be capable of highly efficient hydrolysis of the carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bond of 2-CEES in the dark with a reaction rate of 279.2 μmol/g/h due to the high surface area and chemical nature of the titanate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer L Giles
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Anastasia M Kastl
- NREIP Intern, Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Andrew P Purdy
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Asher C Leff
- Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
- General Technical Services, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Daniel C Ratchford
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - William A Maza
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Olga A Baturina
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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3
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Imran M, Singh VV, Garg P, Mazumder A, Pandey LK, Sharma PK, Acharya J, Ganesan K. In-situ detoxification of schedule-I chemical warfare agents utilizing Zr(OH) 4@W-ACF functional material for the development of next generation NBC protective gears. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24421. [PMID: 34952902 PMCID: PMC8709862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have become a pivotal concern for the global community and spurred a wide spectrum of research for the development of new generation protective materials. Herein, a highly effective self-detoxifying filter consisting of in-situ immobilized Zirconium hydroxide [Zr(OH)4] over woven activated carbon fabric [Zr(OH)4@W-ACF] is presented for the removal of CWAs. It was prepared to harness the synergistic effect of high surface area of W-ACF, leads to high dispersion of CWAs and high phosphilicity and reactivity of [Zr(OH)4]. The synthesized materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, EDX, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, and BET surface area analyzer. The kinetics of in-situ degradation of CWAs over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF were studied and found to be following the first-order reaction kinetics. The rate constant was found to be 0.244 min-1 and 2.31 × 10-2 min-1 for sarin and soman, respectively over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF. The potential practical applicability of this work was established by fabricating Zr(OH)4@W-ACF as reactive adsorbent layer for protective suit, and found to be meeting the specified criteria in terms of air permeability, tearing strength and nerve agent permeation as per TOP-08-2-501A:2013 and IS-17380:2020. The degradation products of CWAs were analyzed with NMR and GC-MS. The combined properties of dual functional textile with reactive material are expected to open up new exciting avenues in the field of CWAs protective clothing and thus find diverse application in defence and environmental sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Virendra V Singh
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India.
| | - Prabhat Garg
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Avik Mazumder
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Lokesh K Pandey
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Pushpendra K Sharma
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Jyotiranjan Acharya
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Kumaran Ganesan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
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4
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Li T, Tsyshevsky R, Algrim L, McEntee M, Durke EM, Eichhorn B, Karwacki C, Zachariah MR, Kuklja MM, Rodriguez EE. Understanding Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Adsorption and Decomposition on Mesoporous CeO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54597-54609. [PMID: 34730932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increased risk of chemical warfare agent usage around the world has intensified the search for high-surface-area materials that can strongly adsorb and actively decompose chemical warfare agents. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a widely used simulant molecule in laboratory studies for the investigation of the adsorption and decomposition behavior of sarin (GB) gas. In this paper, we explore how DMMP interacts with the as-synthesized mesoporous CeO2. Our mass spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements indicate that DMMP can dissociate on mesoporous CeO2 at room temperature. Two DMMP dissociation pathways are observed. Based on our characterization of the as-synthesized material, we built the pristine and hydroxylated (110) and (111) CeO2 surfaces and simulated the DMMP interaction on these surfaces with density functional theory modeling. Our calculations reveal an extremely low activation energy barrier for DMMP dissociation on the (111) pristine CeO2 surface, which very likely leads to the high activity of mesoporous CeO2 for DMMP decomposition at room temperature. The two reaction pathways are possibly due to the DMMP dissociation on the pristine and hydroxylated CeO2 surfaces. The significantly higher activation energy barrier for DMMP to decompose on the hydroxylated CeO2 surface implies that such a reaction on the hydroxylated CeO2 surface may occur at higher temperatures or proceed after the pristine CeO2 surfaces are saturated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Roman Tsyshevsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lucas Algrim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Monica McEntee
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Erin M Durke
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Bryan Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christopher Karwacki
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Michael R Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Maija M Kuklja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Efrain E Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Liao Y, Yang F, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. Nanoflake-Engineered Zirconic Fibrous Aerogels with Parallel-Arrayed Conduits for Fast Nerve Agent Degradation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8839-8847. [PMID: 34617763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) pose huge threats to ecological environments, agriculture, and human health due to the turbulent international situation in contemporary society. Zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH)4) has captured the prime focus as an effective candidate for CWA decomposition but is often hindered by the isolated powder form. Here, we demonstrate a scalable three-dimensional space-confined synthetic strategy to fabricate nanoflake-engineered zirconic fibrous aerogels (NZFAs). Our strategy enables the stereoscopic Zr(OH)4 nanoflakes vertically and evenly in situ grown on the interconnected fibrous framework, remarkably enlarging the surface area and providing rich active sites for CWA catalysis. The as-synthesized NZFAs exhibit intriguing properties of ultralow density (>0.37 mg cm-3), shape-memory behavior under 90% strain, and robust fatigue resistance over 106 compression cycles at 40% strain. Meanwhile, the high air permeability, prominent adsorptivity, and reusability make them state-of-the-art chemical protective materials. This work may provide an avenue for developing next-generation aerogel-based catalysts and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fengjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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6
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Ultraviolet and infrared light decontamination and the secondary pollution products of G-series nerve agent simulant model molecules contaminating TiO2/Ti surfaces. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Balow RB, McEntee M, Schweigert IV, Jeon S, Peterson GW, Pehrsson P. Battling Chemical Weapons with Zirconium Hydroxide Nanoparticle Sorbent: Impact of Environmental Contaminants on Sarin Sequestration and Decomposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6923-6934. [PMID: 34062060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The promising reactive sorbent zirconium hydroxide (ZH) was challenged with common environmental contaminants (CO2, SO2, and NO2) to determine the impact on chemical warfare agent decomposition. Several environmental adsorbates rapidly formed on the ZH surface through available hydroxyl species and coordinatively unsaturated zirconium sites. ZH decontamination effectiveness was determined using a suite of instrumentation including in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to monitor sarin (GB) decomposition in real time and at ambient pressure. Surface products were characterized by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption enthalpies, entropies, and bond lengths for environmental contaminants and GB decomposition products were estimated using density functional theory (DFT). Consistent with the XPS and DRIFTS results, DFT simulations predicted the relative stabilities of molecular adsorbates and reaction products in the following order: CO2 < NO2 < GB ≈ SO2. Microbreakthrough capacity measurements on ZH showed a 7-fold increase in the sorption of NO2 vs SO2, which indicates differences in the surface reactivity of these species. GB decomposition was rapid on clean and CO2-dosed ZH and showed reduced decomposition on SO2- and NO2-predosed samples. Despite these findings, the total GB sorption capacity of clean and predosed ZH was consistent across all samples. These data provide insight into the real-world use of ZH as a reactive sorbent for chemical decontamination applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Balow
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Monica McEntee
- U.S. Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Igor V Schweigert
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Seokmin Jeon
- Former National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship Program, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Gregory W Peterson
- U.S. Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Pehr Pehrsson
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
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8
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Kim W, Lee JS. Freestanding and Flexible β-MnO 2@Carbon Sheet for Application as a Highly Sensitive Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4988-4994. [PMID: 33644606 PMCID: PMC7905932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Research on wearable sensor systems is mostly conducted on freestanding polymer substrates such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). However, the use of these polymers as substrates requires the introduction of transducer materials on their surface, which causes many problems related to the contact with the transducer components. In this study, we propose a freestanding flexible sensor electrode based on a β-MnO2-decorated carbon nanofiber sheet (β-MnO2@CNF) to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as a nerve agent simulant. To introduce MnO2 on the surface of the substrate, polypyrrole coated on poly(acrylonitrile) (PPy@PAN) was reacted with a MnO2 precursor. Then, phase transfer of PPy@PAN and MnO2 to carbon and β-MnO2, respectively, was induced by heat treatment. The β-MnO2@CNF sheet electrode showed excellent sensitivity toward the target analyte DMMP (down to 0.1 ppb), as well as high selectivity, reversibility, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Kim
- Samsung
Electronics, 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seop Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon
University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- . Tel: +82-31-750-5814. Fax: +82-31-750-5389
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Huang X, Zhao T, Zhang H, Yan C, Sha J, Tang H, Zhu H, Wu Y. Dual-purpose high-efficiency air filter paper loaded with reactive zirconium hydroxide for the filtration aerosols and degradation of chemical warfare agents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35245-35257. [PMID: 35493143 PMCID: PMC9042809 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional air filter papers can only filter toxic aerosols without the function of decontamination. If the poison stagnating in the paper is desorbed, it may pose a secondary threat to personnel and make it more difficult to dispose of the scrapped paper. Using an alkali-free glass fiber as the base material and zirconium hydroxide as the decontaminant, a self-decontaminating air filter paper that can degrade HD and VX simultaneously was successfully prepared by an intra-pulp addition method, with high filtration efficiency, low pressure drop and moderate tensile strength. The physicochemical properties were characterized by FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and TGA, and the results indicated that Zr(OH)4 was dispersed uniformly in the paper and filled in the interstices of the glass fiber. The preparation of the composite material had no impact on the structure of fibers and Zr(OH)4. The preparation technology of the self-decontaminating air filter paper was optimized. It was found that the paper with a fiber grammage of 50 g m−2, the adhesive of 2% and a Zr(OH)4 retention rate of 175.0 wt% could completely degrade HD and VX, whose conversion rate exceeded 99.0%, and had a tensile strength of 0.1193 kN m−1, a filtration efficiency of 99.995%, and a pressure drop of 313.6 Pa. Using GC-MS to detect the decontamination products, it was speculated that HD mainly underwent hydrolysis and elimination reactions, VX mainly underwent hydrolysis and polymerization reactions, and their products were non-toxic or low-toxic. The reaction kinetics of HD and VX on the paper was investigated and the half-lives were 2.6 h and 16.2 min, respectively, which demonstrated an outstanding degradation performance. This work manifested for the first time that the air filter paper can be optimized as an efficient self-decontaminating material, which will open up new possibilities for the design and manufacture of multifunctional protective materials. Dual-functional air filter paper with addition of Zr(OH)4 was prepared by an intra-pulp addition method, whose filtration performance is maintained while the decontamination performance is added for HD and VX.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Huang
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Defense Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chunxiao Yan
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Jiulong Sha
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Defense, Institute of NBC Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shanxi Xinhua Chemical Defense Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030000, China
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Long JW, Chervin CN, Balow RB, Jeon S, Miller JB, Helms ME, Owrutsky JC, Rolison DR, Fears KP. Zirconia-Based Aerogels for Sorption and Degradation of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Long
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Christopher N. Chervin
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Robert B. Balow
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Seokmin Jeon
- National Research Council Research Associateship Program, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Joel B. Miller
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Maya E. Helms
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Owrutsky
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Debra R. Rolison
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Kenan P. Fears
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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