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Iftikhar R, Irshad R, Zahid WA, Akram W, Shehzad RA, Abdelmohsen SAM, Alanazi MM, Shahzad N, Iqbal J. Designing of fluorine-substituted benzodithiophene-based small molecules with efficient photovoltaic parameters. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108588. [PMID: 37557026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four hole-transporting materials (JY-M1, JY-M2, JY-M3, and JY-M4) are designed by modifying benzothiadiazole-based core with diphenylamine-based carbazole via acceptors through thiophene linkers. The designed molecules exhibited deeper HOMO energy with smaller energy gaps than the reference JY molecule which enhance their hole mobility. The absorption spectra of the JY-M1, JY-M2, JY-M3, and JY-M4 molecules are located at 380 nm to 407 nm in the gaseous phase and 397 nm to 433 nm in the solvent phase, which is red-shifted and higher than the reference molecule, demonstrating that designed molecules possess improved light absorption properties and enhanced effective hole transfer. The dipole moments of the designed molecules (14.74 D to 26.12 D) indicate a greater ability for charge separation, solubility and will be beneficial to produce multilayer films. Moreover, the results of hole reorganization energy (0.38198 eV to 0.45304 eV) and charge transfer integral (0.14315 eV to 0.14665 eV) of designing molecules show improved hole mobility and lower recombination losses compared to the JY molecule. Overall, we suggested that the structural modifications in the designed molecules contributed to their enhanced efficiency in converting light energy into electrical energy and have the potential for utilization in solar devices, paving the way for future advancements in the field of photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabiya Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rao Aqil Shehzad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meznah M Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Zhang W, Huang J, Lv X, Zhang M, Liu W, Xu T, Ning J, Hexig A, Liu F, Xu A, Zhan C. Chlorinated phthalimide polymer donor as ultra-wide bandgap and deep HOMO guest for achieving highly eficient polymer solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fang Y, Meng Y, Yuan C, Du C, Wang KP, Chen S, Hu ZQ. Efficient deep blue emission by 4-styrylbenzonitrile derivatives in solid state: Synthesis, aggregation induced emission characteristics and crystal structures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120575. [PMID: 34772634 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorescent molecules with π-conjugated system have shown great importance in numerous applications including bioimaging and optoelectronics. Planar aggregation-induced emissive (AIE) organic compounds with efficient solid-state luminescence are rarely developed and urgently needed in various applications. In this work, highly planar 4-styrylbenzonitrile derivatives have been synthesized. Most of these compounds show strong AIE properties with hundred-fold fluorescent enhancement. Moreover, these molecules are deep blue emissive in solid state, exhibiting good to excellent fluorescence quantum efficiency. The single crystal analysis shows that adjacent molecules could form special J-type aggregation. The intramolecular rotations are efficiently restricted by various noncovalent interactions. These molecular arrangements could be essential for the observed strong emission in aggregated and solid state. This work has paved a new path to efficient AIE-active organic emitters with highly planar conformations from 4-styrylbenzonitrile structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Chunming Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, YiLi Normal University, Yining 835000, PR China
| | - Chunhui Du
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Kun-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shaojin Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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Su D, Li K, Liu W, Zhang W, Li X, Wu Y, Shen F, Huo S, Fu H, Zhan C. High-Performance Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a New Narrow Bandgap Nonfullerene Small Molecule Acceptor with a Higher LUMO Level. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000393. [PMID: 33089640 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining a large open-circuit voltage (VOC ) and high short-circuit current density (JSC ) simultaneously is important in improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics. The ternary strategy with using a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) guest can achieve increased VOC , yet JSC is decreased or maintained, so it's still a challenge to offer increased VOC and JSC values concurrently via the newly presented VOC -increased ternary strategy. To overcome this issue, a new narrow bandgap NFA TT-S-4F is reported by introducing 3,6-dimethoxylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) as π-spacers to connect electron-rich core with terminal groups, so as to upshift the LUMO level and extend π-system. When adding 10% TT-S-4F into binary system based on PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F, the higher-LUMO-level of TT-S-4F, the increased charge mobilities, the reduced trap-assisted combination loss, and a finer nanofiber structure and increased phase separation size are obtained, which simultaneously promotes JSC , VOC , and fill factor (FF), thus obtaining an optimal PCE (12.5% vs 11.5%). This work illustrates that an extending conjugated backbone with large π-spacers and inclusion of alkylthiophenyl side-chains is a concept to synthesize NFA guests for use on the VOC -increased ternary strategy that enables to realize simultaneously increased JSC , VOC , and FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Kun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wanru Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, 010022, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fugang Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Shuying Huo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices (EMC&D), College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot, 010022, China
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Xiao L, Kolaczkowski MA, Min Y, Liu Y. Substitution Effect on Thiobarbituric Acid End Groups for High Open-Circuit Voltage Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41852-41860. [PMID: 32811138 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have resulted in significant improvement in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). In our efforts to boost open-circuit voltage (VOC) for OSCs, the molecular design employing thiobarbituric acid (TBTA) end groups and an indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) core gives rise to NFAs with significantly raised lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, which, when paired with PCE10, can achieve VOC's over 1.0 V and decent PCEs that outperform the equivalent devices based on the benchmark ITIC acceptor. While the use of a TBTA end group is effective in tuning energy levels, very little is known about how the alkyl substitution on the TBTA group impacts the solar cell performance. To this end, TBTA end groups are alkylated with linear, branched, and aromatic sidechains to understand the influence on thin-film morphology and related device performances. Our study has confirmed the dependence of solar cell performance on the end-group substituents. More importantly, we reveal the presence of an ideal window of crystallinity associated with the medium-length hydrocarbon chains such as ethyl and benzyl. Deviation to the shorter methyl group makes the acceptor too crystalline to mix with the polymer donor and form proper domains, whereas longer and branched alkyl chains are too sterically bulky and hinder charge transport due to nonideal packing. Such findings underline the comprehensive nature of thin-film morphology and the subtle end-group effects for the design of non-fullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangang Xiao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Matthew A Kolaczkowski
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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