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Hu H, Liu S, Xu J, Ma R, Peng Z, Peña TAD, Cui Y, Liang W, Zhou X, Luo S, Yu H, Li M, Wu J, Chen S, Li G, Chen Y. Over 19 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Manipulating the Intermolecular Interactions through Side Chain Fluorine Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400086. [PMID: 38329002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fluorine side chain functionalization of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) represents an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, a knowledge gap persists regarding the relationship between structural changes induced by fluorine functionalization and the resultant impact on device performance. In this work, varying amounts of fluorine atoms were introduced into the outer side chains of Y-series NFAs to construct two acceptors named BTP-F0 and BTP-F5. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that side-chain fluorination significantly increase the overall average electrostatic potential (ESP) and charge balance factor, thereby effectively improving the ESP-induced intermolecular electrostatic interaction, and thus precisely tuning the molecular packing and bulk-heterojunction morphology. Therefore, the BTP-F5-based OSC exhibited enhanced crystallinity, domain purity, reduced domain spacing, and optimized phase distribution in the vertical direction. This facilitates exciton diffusion, suppresses charge recombination, and improves charge extraction. Consequently, the promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3 % and 19.2 % were achieved in BTP-F5-based binary and ternary devices, respectively, surpassing the PCE of 16.1 % for BTP-F0-based OSCs. This work establishes a structure-performance relationship and demonstrates that fluorine functionalization of the outer side chains of Y-series NFAs is a compelling strategy for achieving ideal phase separation for highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, 511400, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, 511400, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shangshang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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Alam S, Sim S, Li MQ, Chang BJ, Lee J. Recent Progress in Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells: Photoabsorbent Materials and Design Strategies. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:493. [PMID: 38675304 PMCID: PMC11051828 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing energy demands of the global community can be met with solar energy. Solution-processed organic solar cells have seen great progress in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have made enormous progress in recent years and have been considered one of the most promising solar cell technologies for applications in building-integrated windows, agricultural greenhouses, and wearable energy resources. Therefore, through the synergistic efforts of transparent electrodes, engineering in near-infrared photoabsorbent materials, and device engineering, high-performance ST-OSCs have developed, and PCE and average visible transmittance reach over 10% and 40%, respectively. In this review, we present the recent progress in photoabsorbent material engineering and strategies for enhancing the performance of ST-OSCs to help researchers gain a better understanding of structure-property-performance relationships. To conclude, new design concepts in material engineering and outlook are proposed to facilitate the further development of high-performance ST-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabaz Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Suhui Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Meng Qiang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
| | - Bong-Jun Chang
- Interface Materials and Chemical Engineering Research Center, Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (S.A.); (S.S.); (M.Q.L.)
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Sharma A, Gasparini N, Markina A, Karuthedath S, Gorenflot J, Xu H, Han J, Balawi A, Liu W, Bryant D, Bertrandie J, Troughton J, Paleti SHK, Bristow H, Laquai F, Andrienko D, Baran D. Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Utilizing Intrinsic Charge Generation in Non-Fullerene Acceptors. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2305367. [PMID: 38100279 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In organic semiconductors, a donor/acceptor heterojunction is typically required for efficient dissociation of excitons. Using transient absorption spectroscopy to study the dynamics of excited states in non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), it is shown that NFAs can generate charges without a donor/acceptor interface. This is due to the fact that dielectric solvation provides a driving force sufficient to dissociate the excited state and form the charge-transfer (CT) state. The CT state is further dissociated into free charges at interfaces between polycrystalline regions in neat NFAs. For IEICO-4F, incorporating just 9 wt% donor polymer PTB7-Th in neat films greatly boosts charge generation, enhancing efficient exciton separation into free charges. This property is utilized to fabricate donor-dilute organic photovoltaics (OPV) delivering a power conversion efficiency of 8.3% in the case of opaque devices with a metal top-electrode and an active layer average visible transmittance (AVT) of 75%. It is shown that the intrinsic charge generation in low-bandgap NFAs contributes to the overall photocurrent generation. IEICO-4F-based OPVs with limited PTB7-Th content have high thermal resilience demonstrating little drop in performance over 700 h. PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F semitransparent OPVs are leveraged to fabricate an 8-series connected semitransparent module, demonstrating light-utilization efficiency of 2.2% alongside an AVT of 63%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anastasia Markina
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Julien Gorenflot
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianhua Han
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Balawi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Bryant
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jules Bertrandie
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joel Troughton
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Bristow
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frederic Laquai
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Derya Baran
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang T, Yuk Lin Lai J, Shi M, Li Q, Zhang C, Yan H. Data Cleansing and Sub-Unit-Based Molecular Description Enable Accurate Prediction of The Energy Levels of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Used in Organic Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2308652. [PMID: 38386329 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently emerged as pivotal materials for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). To further advance OSC efficiency, precise control over the energy levels of NFAs is imperative, necessitating the development of a robust computational method for accurate energy level predictions. Unfortunately, conventional computational techniques often yield relatively large errors, typically ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 electronvolts (eV), when predicting energy levels. In this study, the authors present a novel method that not only expedites energy level predictions but also significantly improves accuracy , reducing the error margin to 0.06 eV. The method comprises two essential components. The first component involves data cleansing, which systematically eliminates problematic experimental data and thereby minimizes input data errors. The second component introduces a molecular description method based on the electronic properties of the sub-units comprising NFAs. The approach simplifies the intricacies of molecular computation and demonstrates markedly enhanced prediction performance compared to the conventional density functional theory (DFT) method. Our methodology will expedite research in the field of NFAs, serving as a catalyst for the development of similar computational approaches to address challenges in other areas of material science and molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Mingzhe Shi
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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5
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Velusamy A, Afraj SN, Guo YS, Ni JS, Huang HL, Su TY, Ezhumalai Y, Liu CL, Chiang CH, Chen MC, Wu CG. Bicyclopentadithiophene-Based Organic Semiconductor for Stable and High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 22. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:6162-6175. [PMID: 38277509 PMCID: PMC10859901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Well-performing organic-inorganic halide perovskites are susceptible to poor efficiency and instability due to their various defects at the interphases, grain boundaries (GBs), and surfaces. In this study, an in situ method is utilized for effectively passivating the under-coordinated Pb2+ defects of perovskite with new non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) (INXBCDT; X = H, Cl, and Br) through their carbonyl and cyano functional groups during the antisolvent dripping process. It reveals that the bicyclopentadithiophene (BCDT) core with highly electron-withdrawing end-capping groups passivates GBs and boosts perovskite grain growth. This effective defect passivation decreases the trap density to increase the carrier recombination lifetime of the perovskite film. As a result, bromo-substituted dicyanomethylene indanone (INBr)-end-capped BCDT (INBrBCDT-b8; 3a)-passivated devices exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.20% (vs those of 18.09% obtained for perovskite films without passivation) upon an optimized film preparation process. Note that devices treated with more soluble 2-ethylhexyl-substituted compounds (1a, 2a, and 3a) exhibit higher PCE than those treated with less soluble octyl-substituted compounds (1b, 2b, and 3b). It is also worth noting that BCDT is a cost-effective six-ring core that is easier to synthesize with a higher yield and therefore much cheaper than those with highly fused-ring cores. In addition, a long-term stability test in a glovebox for 1500 h reveals that the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on a perovskite absorber treated with compound 3a maintain ∼90% of their initial PCE. This is the first example of the simplest high-conjugation additive for perovskite film to achieve a PCE greater than 22% of the corresponding lead-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shyang Ni
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National
Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lin Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Su
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yamuna Ezhumalai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chiang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Zhang KN, Du XY, Yan L, Pu YJ, Tajima K, Wang X, Hao XT. Organic Photovoltaic Stability: Understanding the Role of Engineering Exciton and Charge Carrier Dynamics from Recent Progress. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300397. [PMID: 37204077 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the synergistic development of material design, device engineering, and the mechanistic understanding of device physics, the certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of single-junction non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have already reached a very high value of exceeding 19%. However, in addition to PCEs, the poor stability is now a challenging obstacle for commercial applications of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, recent progress made in exploring operational mechanisms, anomalous photoelectric behaviors, and improving long-term stability in non-fullerene OSCs are highlighted from a novel and previously largely undiscussed perspective of engineering exciton and charge carrier pathways. Considering the intrinsic connection among multiple temporal-scale photocarrier dynamics, multi-length scale morphologies, and photovoltaic performance in OPVs, this review delineates and establishes a comprehensive and in-depth property-function relationship for evaluating the actual device stability. Moreover, this review has also provided some valuable photophysical insights into employing the advanced characterization techniques such as transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence imagings. Finally, some of the remaining major challenges related to this topic are proposed toward the further advances of enhancing long-term operational stability in non-fullerene OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xingzhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Abid Z, Ali L, Gulzar S, Wahad F, Ashraf RS, Nielsen CB. Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1694-1712. [PMID: 38025084 PMCID: PMC10644009 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in electron transport materials derived from quinoxaline, along with their applications in various electronic devices. We focus on their utilization in organic solar cells (OSCs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other organic electronic technologies. Notably, the potential of quinoxaline derivatives as non-fullerene acceptors in OSCs, auxiliary acceptors and bridging materials in DSSCs, and n-type semiconductors in transistor devices is discussed in detail. Additionally, their significance as thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and chromophores for OLEDs, sensors and electrochromic devices is explored. The review emphasizes the remarkable characteristics and versatility of quinoxaline derivatives in electron transport applications. Furthermore, ongoing research efforts aimed at enhancing their performance and addressing key challenges in various applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Abid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sughra Gulzar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Wahad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raja Shahid Ashraf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Savva A, Hama A, Herrera‐López G, Schmidt T, Migliaccio L, Steiner N, Kawan M, Fiumelli H, Magistretti PJ, McCulloch I, Baran D, Gasparini N, Schindl R, Głowacki ED, Inal S. Photo-Chemical Stimulation of Neurons with Organic Semiconductors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300473. [PMID: 37661572 PMCID: PMC10625067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in light-responsive materials enabled the development of devices that can wirelessly activate tissue with light. Here it is shown that solution-processed organic heterojunctions can stimulate the activity of primary neurons at low intensities of light via photochemical reactions. The p-type semiconducting polymer PDCBT and the n-type semiconducting small molecule ITIC (a non-fullerene acceptor) are coated on glass supports, forming a p-n junction with high photosensitivity. Patch clamp measurements show that low-intensity white light is converted into a cue that triggers action potentials in primary cortical neurons. The study shows that neat organic semiconducting p-n bilayers can exchange photogenerated charges with oxygen and other chemical compounds in cell culture conditions. Through several controlled experimental conditions, photo-capacitive, photo-thermal, and direct hydrogen peroxide effects on neural function are excluded, with photochemical delivery being the possible mechanism. The profound advantages of low-intensity photo-chemical intervention with neuron electrophysiology pave the way for developing wireless light-based therapy based on emerging organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Savva
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB30ASUK
| | - Adel Hama
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabriel Herrera‐López
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Tony Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research CenterChair of BiophysicsMedical University of GrazNeue Stiftingtalstraße 6Graz8010Austria
| | - Ludovico Migliaccio
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 123Brno61200Czech Republic
| | - Nadia Steiner
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Kawan
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Hubert Fiumelli
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research CenterChair of BiophysicsMedical University of GrazNeue Stiftingtalstraße 6Graz8010Austria
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 123Brno61200Czech Republic
| | - Sahika Inal
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
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Xiao J, Wang Y, Yuan L, Long Y, Jiang Z, Liu Q, Gu D, Li W, Tai H, Jiang Y. Stabilizing Non-Fullerene Organic Photodiodes through Interface Engineering Enabled by a Tin Ion-Chelated Polymer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302976. [PMID: 37541299 PMCID: PMC10558641 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has energized the field of organic photodiodes (OPDs) and made major breakthroughs in their critical photoelectric characteristics. Yet, stabilizing inverted NF-OPDs remains challenging because of the intrinsic degradation induced by improper interfaces. Herein, a tin ion-chelated polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (denoted as PEIE-Sn) is proposed as a generic cathode interfacial layer (CIL) of NF-OPDs. The chelation between tin ions and nitrogen/oxygen atoms in PEIE-Sn contributes to the interface compatibility with efficient NFAs. The PEIE-Sn can effectively endow the devices with optimized cascade alignment and reduced interface defects. Consequently, the PEIE-Sn-OPD exhibits properties of anti-environmental interference, suppressed dark current, and accelerated interfacial electron extraction and transmission. As a result, the unencapsulated PEIE-Sn-OPD delivers high specific detection and fast response speed and shows only slight attenuation in photoelectric performance after exposure to air, light, and heat. Its superior performance outperforms the incumbent typical counterparts (ZnO, SnO2 , and PEIE as the CILs) from metrics of both stability and photoelectric characteristics. This finding suggests a promising strategy for stabilizing NF-OPDs by designing appropriate interface layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Liu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Qingxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Deen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Weizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
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10
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Ye L, Yang Y, Liu C, Duan X, Wang S, Li W, Sun X, Wang T, Ma W, Li W, Sun Y. Directly Cross-Linked Conjugated Polymer Donor Enables Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Extraordinary Mechanical Robustness. Small 2023; 19:e2303226. [PMID: 37312403 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cross-linking strategy can result in a three-dimensional network of interconnected chains for the copolymers, thereby improving their mechanical performance. In this work, a series of cross-linked conjugated copolymers, named PC2, PC5, and PC8, constructed with different ratios of monomers are designed and synthesized. For comparison, a random linear copolymer, PR2 is also synthesized based on the similar monomers. When blended with Y6 acceptor, the cross-linked polymers PC2, PC5, and PC8-based polymer solar cells (PSCs) achieve superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.58%, 17.02%, and 16.12%, respectively, which are higher than that (15.84%) of the random copolymer PR2-based devices. Moreover, the PCE of PC2:Y6-based flexible PSC retains ≈88% of the initial efficiency value after 2000 bending cycles, overwhelming the PR2:Y6-based device with the remaining 12.8% of the initial PCE. These results demonstrate that the cross-linking strategy is a feasible and facile approach to developing high-performance polymer donors for the fabrication of flexible PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Ye
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Yang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Duan
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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11
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Guo C, Fu Y, Li D, Wang L, Zhou B, Chen C, Zhou J, Sun Y, Gan Z, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. A Polycrystalline Polymer Donor as Pre-Aggregate toward Ordered Molecular Aggregation for 19.3% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304921. [PMID: 37468168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are generally featured with low structure order in solid-state films, which leads to low charge-transport mobility and strong charge recombination in their photovoltaic devices. In this work, a "polycrystal-induced aggregation" strategy orders the polymer donor (PM6) and non-fullerene acceptor (L8-BO) molecules during solution casting with the assistance of PM6 polycrystals that are incubated through a vapor diffusion method, toward improved solar cell efficiency with either thin or thick photoactive layers. These PM6 polycrystals are redissolved in chloroform to prepare PM6 pre-aggregates (PM6-PA), and further incorporated into the conventional PM6:L8-BO blend solutions, which is found to prolong the molecular organization process and enhance the aggregation of both the PM6 and the L8-BO components. As the results, with the assistance of 10% PM6-PA, PM6:L8-BO solar cell devices obtain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 18.0% and 16.2% to 19.3% and 17.2% with a 100 nm-thick and 300 nm-thick photoactive layer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuandong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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12
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Balasubramanian S, León-Luna MÁ, Romero B, Madsen M, Turkovic V. Vitamin C for Photo-Stable Non-fullerene-acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:39647-39656. [PMID: 37552771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of the new class of organic molecules, the so-called non-fullerene acceptors, has resulted in skyrocketing power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells. However, rapid degradation occurs under illumination, particularly when photocatalytic metal oxide electron transport layers are used in these devices. We introduced vitamin C (ascorbic acid) into the organic solar cells as a photostabilizer and systematically studied its photostabilizing effect on inverted PBDB-T:IT-4F devices. The presence of vitamin C as an antioxidant layer between the ZnO electron transport layer and the photoactive layer strongly suppressed the photocatalytic effect of ZnO that induces NFA photodegradation. Upon 96 h of exposure to AM 1.5G 1 Sun irradiation, the reference devices lost 64% of their initial efficiency, while those containing vitamin C lost only 38%. The UV-visible absorption, impedance spectroscopy, and light-dependent voltage and current measurements reveal that vitamin C reduces the photobleaching of NFA molecules and suppresses the charge recombination. This simple approach using a low-cost, naturally occurring antioxidant, provides an efficient strategy for improving photostability of organic semiconductor-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambathkumar Balasubramanian
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Miguel Ángel León-Luna
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Electronic Technology Area, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles 28933, Spain
| | - Morten Madsen
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- SDU Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-film Energy Devices─CAPE, Mads Clausen Institute (MCI), Alsion 2, Sønderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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13
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Im C, Kang SW, Choi JY, An J, Mičová J, Remeš Z. Spatial Balance of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Active Layers of Polymer Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5823. [PMID: 37570793 PMCID: PMC10421118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) blended with non-fullerene-type acceptors (NFAs) possess good solar power conversion efficiency and compatibility with flexible electronics, rendering them good candidates for mobile photovoltaic applications. However, their internal absorption performance and mechanism are yet to be fully elucidated because of their complicated interference effect caused by their multilayer device structure. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is ideal for analyzing complex optical electric fields by considering multilayer interference effects. In this study, an active layer (AL) thickness-dependent TMM is used to obtain accurate information on the photon-capturing mechanisms of NFA-based PSCs for comparison with experimental results. Devices with AL thicknesses of 40-350 nm were prepared, and the AL-thickness-dependent device parameters with incident photon-to-current efficiency spectra were compared with the calculated internal absorption spectra of the TMM. The spectrally and spatially resolved spectra as a function of the AL thickness and excitation wavelength revealed that the power conversion efficiency of the NFA-blended PSC decreased with the increasing AL thickness after reaching a maximum of ~100 nm; by contrast, the internal absorption efficiency showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, the TMM spectra indicated that the spatial distribution of the photogenerated charge carriers became significantly imbalanced as the AL thickness increased, implying that the AL-dependent loss stemmed from the discrepancy between the absorption and the extracted charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Im
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Sang Woong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Jeong Yoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Jongdeok An
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Júlia Mičová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Zdeněk Remeš
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
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14
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Liu K, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Huang F, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Hou J, Zhu X. Organic Solar Cells with Over 19% Efficiency Enabled by a 2D-Conjugated Non-Fullerene Acceptor Featuring Favorable Electronic and Aggregation Structures. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2300363. [PMID: 37243566 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The π-expansion of non-fullerene acceptors is a promising method for boosting the organic photovoltaic performance by allowing the fine-tuning of electronic structures and molecular packing. In this work, highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated using a 2D π-expansion strategy to design new non-fullerene acceptors. Compared with the quinoxaline-fused cores of AQx-16, the π-expanded phenazine-fused cores of AQx-18 induce more ordered and compact packing between adjacent molecules, affording an optimized morphology with rational phase separation in the blend film. This facilitates efficient exciton dissociation and inhibited charge recombination. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% with simultaneously increasing Voc , Jsc , and fill factor is achieved in the AQx-18-based binary OSCs. Significantly, AQx-18-based ternary devices fabricated via a two-in-one alloy acceptor strategy exhibit a superior PCE of 19.1%, one of the highest values ever reported for OSCs, along with a high Voc of 0.928 V. These results indicate the importance of the 2D π-expansion strategy for the delicate regulation of the electronic structures and crystalline behaviors of the non-fullerene acceptors to achieve superior photovoltaic performance, aimed at significantly promoting further development of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Zhang Y, He Y, Zeng L, Lüer L, Deng W, Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang Z, Brabec CJ, Wu H, Xie Z, Duan C. Unraveling the Role of Non-Fullerene Acceptor with High Dielectric Constant in Organic Solar Cells. Small 2023:e2302314. [PMID: 37191278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the relative dielectric constant is a constant pursuit of organic semiconductors, but it often leads to multiple changes in device characteristics, hindering the establishment of a reliable relationship between dielectric constant and photovoltaic performance. Herein, a new non-fullerene acceptor named BTP-OE is reported by replacing the branched alkyl chains on Y6-BO with branched oligoethylene oxide chains. This replacement successfully increases the relative dielectric constant from 3.28 to 4.62. To surprise, BTP-OE offers consistently lower device performance relative to Y6-BO in organic solar cells (16.27% vs 17.44%) due to the losses in open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Further investigations unravel that BTP-OE has resulted in reduced electron mobility, increased trap density, enhanced first order recombination, and enlarged energetic disorder. These results demonstrate the complex relationship between dielectric constant and device performance, which provide valuable implications for the development of organic semiconductors with high dielectric constant for photovoltaic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yakun He
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liang Zeng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Larry Lüer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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16
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Yang N, Ryu DH, Lee S, Bai Y, Kim SI, Seo JH, Song CE, Hwang DH. Non-Fullerene Acceptors with Benzodithiophene-Based Fused Planar Ring Cores for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:21306-21313. [PMID: 37079770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fused aromatic rings are widely employed in organic solar cell (OSC) materials due to their planarity and rigidity. Here, we designed and synthesized four two-dimensional non-fullerene acceptors, D6-4F, D6-4Cl, DTT-4F, and DTT-4Cl, based on two new fused planar ring structures of f-DTBDT-C6 and f-DTTBDT. Owing to the desirable phase separation formed in the blend films and the higher energy levels induced by the extra alkyl groups, PM6:D6-4F-based devices achieved a high VOC = 0.91 V with PCE = 11.10%, FF = 68.54%, and JSC = 17.75 mA/cm2. Because of the longer π-conjugation of the f-DTTBDT core with nine fused rings, DTT-4F and DTT-4Cl showed high molar extinction coefficients and broad absorption bands that enhanced the current density of OSCs. Finally, the PM6:DTT-4F-based devices achieved a JSC = 19.82 mA/cm2 with PCE = 9.68%, VOC = 0.83 V, and FF = 58.85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyeon Ryu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Suha Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongqi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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17
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Li D, Deng N, Fu Y, Guo C, Zhou B, Wang L, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang K, Sun Y, Wang T. Fibrillization of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enables 19% Efficiency Pseudo-Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2208211. [PMID: 36418914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural order and aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) are critical toward light absorption, phase separation, and charge transport properties of their photovoltaic blends with electron donors, and determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the corresponding organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, the fibrillization of small molecular NFA L8-BO with the assistance of fused-ring solvent additive 1-fluoronaphthalene (FN) to substantially improve device PCE is demonstrated. Molecular dynamics simulations show that FN attaches to the backbone of L8-BO as the molecular bridge to enhance the intermolecular packing , inducing 1D self-assembly of L8-BO into fine fibrils with a compact polycrystal structure. The L8-BO fibrils are incorporated into a pseudo-bulk heterojunction (P-BHJ) active layer with D18 as a donor, and show enhanced light absorption, charge transport, and collection properties, leading to enhanced PCE from 16.0% to an unprecedented 19.0% in the D18/L8-BO binary P-BHJ OSC, featuring a high fill factor of 80%. This work demonstrates a strategy for fibrillating NFAs toward the enhanced performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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18
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Nie H, Busireddy MR, Shih HM, Ko CW, Chen JT, Chang CC, Hsu CS. High-Performance Inverted Organic Solar Cells via the Incorporation of Thickness-Insensitive and Low-Temperature-Annealed Nonconjugated Polymers as Electron Transport Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:1718-1725. [PMID: 36548433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing new electron transport layers has been an effective way to fabricate high-performance bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). Resolving the longstanding problems associated with commonly used zinc oxide (ZnO), such as electron traps and light-induced device deterioration, however, is still a great challenge. In this study, glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) and 1,4-butanesultone (BS) are blended with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to produce cross-linkable PEI-based materials, PEI-GDE and PEI-GDE-BS, which can function as alternative electron transport layers to replace conventional ZnO cathode-modifying layers in inverted OSCs. PEI-GDE and PEI-GDE-BS are amendable to low-temperature annealing processes to produce cross-linked films. The inverted device structure of ITO/ETL/PM6:BTP-BO-4F:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag was used to evaluate the effects of incorporating PEI-GDE and PEI-GDE-BS as electron transport materials. Compared with ZnO-based devices, the PEI-GDE- and PEI-GDE-BS-based devices exhibit significant improvements in photovoltaic performances due to smoother surface roughness, higher charge collection and exciton dissociation efficiencies, higher electron mobilities, and stronger π-π interactions. In particular, a PEI-GDE-BS-based device shows an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.55% with a VOC of 0.83 V, a JSC of 27.88 mA/cm2, and an FF of 75.96%, which offers great possibilities in the applications of flexible solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebing Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Min Shih
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wen Ko
- Ways Technical Corp., 326 Kaoching Road, Yangmei, Taoyuan 326023, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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19
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Gao H, Sun Y, Meng L, Han C, Wan X, Chen Y. Recent Progress in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. Small 2023; 19:e2205594. [PMID: 36449633 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Active layer material plays a critical role in promoting the performance of an organic solar cell (OSC). Small-molecule (SM) materials have the merits of well-defined chemical structures, few batch-to-batch variations, facile synthesis and purification procedures, and easily tuned properties. SM-donor and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) innovations have recently produced all-small-molecule (ASM) devices with power conversion efficiencies that exceed 17% and approach those of their polymer-based counterparts, thereby demonstrating their great future commercialization potential. In this review, recent progress in both SM donors and NFAs to illustrate structure-property relationships and various morphology-regulation strategies are summarized. Finally, ASM-OSC challenges and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Gao
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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20
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Guo Y, Zhu L, Duan R, Han G, Yi Y. Molecular Design of A-D-A Electron Acceptors Towards Low Energy Loss for Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203356. [PMID: 36504417 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low energy loss is a prerequisite for organic solar cells to achieve high photovoltaic efficiency. Electron-vibration coupling (i. e., intramolecular reorganization energy) plays a crucial role in the photoelectrical conversion and energy loss processes. In this Concept article, we summarize our recent theoretical advances on revealing the energy loss mechanisms at the molecular level of A-D-A electron acceptors. We underline the importance of electron-vibration couplings on reducing the energy loss and describe the effective molecular design strategies towards low energy loss through decreasing the electron-vibration couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ruihong Duan
- School of Science, Xuchang University Xuchang, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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21
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Rasoga O, Breazu C, Socol M, Solonaru AM, Vacareanu L, Petre G, Preda N, Stanculescu F, Socol G, Girtan M, Stanculescu A. Effect of Aluminum Nanostructured Electrode on the Properties of Bulk Heterojunction Based Heterostructures for Electronics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4230. [PMID: 36500855 PMCID: PMC9737908 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The properties of organic heterostructures with mixed layers made of arylenevinylene-based polymer donor and non-fullerene perylene diimide acceptor, deposited using Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation on flat Al and nano-patterned Al electrodes, were investigated. The Al layer electrode deposited on the 2D array of cylindrical nanostructures with a periodicity of 1.1 µm, developed in a polymeric layer using UV-Nanoimprint Lithography, is characterized by an inflorescence-like morphology. The effect of the nanostructuring on the optical and electrical properties was studied by comparison with those of the heterostructures based on a mixed layer with fullerene derivative acceptor. The low roughness of the mixed layer deposited on flat Al was associated with high reflectance. The nano-patterning, which was preserved in the mixed layer, determining the light trapping by multiple scattering, correlated with the high roughness and led to lower reflectance. A decrease was also revealed in photoluminescence emission both at UV and Vis excitation of the mixed layer, with the non-fullerene acceptor deposited on nano-patterned Al. An injector contact behavior was highlighted for all Al/mixed layer/ITO heterostructures by I-V characteristics in dark. The current increased, independently of acceptor (fullerene or non-fullerene), in the heterostructures with nano-patterned Al electrodes for shorter conjugation length polymer donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Rasoga
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Carmen Breazu
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Marcela Socol
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Solonaru
- Electroactive Polymers and Plasmochemistry, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Vacareanu
- Electroactive Polymers and Plasmochemistry, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Petre
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Preda
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Florin Stanculescu
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Gabriel Socol
- Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Girtan
- Laboratoire LPHIA, Université d’Angers, LUNAM, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Anca Stanculescu
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructured Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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22
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Busireddy MR, Chen TW, Huang SC, Su YJ, Wang YM, Chuang WT, Chen JT, Hsu CS. PBDB-T-Based Binary-OSCs Achieving over 15.83% Efficiency via End-Group Functionalization and Alkyl-Chain Engineering of Quinoxaline-Containing Non-Fullerene Acceptors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41264-41274. [PMID: 36041037 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular backbone modification, alkyl-chain engineering, and end-group functionalization are promising strategies for developing efficient high-performance non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Herein, two new NFAs, named TPQ-eC7-4F and TPQ-eC7-4Cl, are designed and synthesized. Both molecules have linear octyl chains on fused quinoxaline-containing heterocyclics as the central backbone and difluorinated (2F)/dichlorinated (2Cl) 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) as the end-group units. The influences of alkyl-chains on fused quinoxaline backbone and different halogenated end-groups on optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic performances of organic solar cells (OSCs) are studied. In comparison with TPQ-eC7-4Cl, TPQ-eC7-4F exhibits blue-shifted absorptions with higher molar extinction coefficients in the film state as well as in the donor/acceptor (D/A) blend film state and up-shifting lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level. As a result, the OSC devices based on the PBDB-T:TPQ-eC7-4F display an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.83% with a simultaneously increased open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.85 V, a short-circuit current-density (Jsc) of 25.89 mA cm-2, and a fill factor (FF) of 72.20%, whereas the PBDB-T:TPQ-eC7-4Cl-based OSC device shows a decent PCE of 14.48% with a Voc of 0.84 V, a Jsc of 24.56 mA/cm2, and an FF of 69.77%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest photovoltaic performance of PBDB-T-based single-junction binary-OSCs. In comparison, ascribed to the high crystallinity and low solubility of BTP-eC7-4Cl, the corresponding PBDB-T:BTP-eC7-4Cl-based OSC device shows poor photovoltaic performance (PCE of 11.87%). The experimental results demonstrate that fine-tuning the fused quinoxaline backbone with alkyl-chain and end-group functionalization are promising strategies to construct high-performance NFAs for PBDB-T-based single-junction binary-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ci Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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23
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Li X, Tang A, Guo Q, Guo X, Chen J, Guo Q, Ji M, Meng Y, Li X, Zhou E. Carboxylate-Containing Wide-Bandgap Polymers for High-Voltage Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:32308-32318. [PMID: 35793493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the polymer modification strategies, carboxylate functionalization has proved effective in downshifting the energy levels and enhancing polymer crystallinity and aggregation. However, high-performance carboxylate-containing polymers are still limited for organic solar cells (OSCs), especially with open-circuit voltage (VOC) above 1.0 V. Herein, we utilize two carboxylate-functionalized wide-band gap (WBG) donor polymers (TTC-F and TTC-Cl) to pair with two WBG electron acceptors (BTA5 and F-BTA5) for high-voltage OSCs. Due to the deeper molecular energy levels, chlorinated polymer TTC-Cl shows higher VOC than fluorinated polymer TTC-F. Furthermore, because of the stronger aggregation in the film, the TTC-Cl-based devices attain suppressed energetic disorders and trap-assisted recombination, decreasing voltage loss and JSC loss. Finally, the TTC-Cl: F-BTA5 blend achieves a higher VOC of 1.17 V and an excellent PCE of 10.98%, one of the best results for high-voltage carboxylate-containing polymers. In addition, the TTC-Cl: BTA5 combination demonstrates the highest VOC of 1.25 V with an ultralow nonradiative energy loss of 0.17 eV. Our results indicate that the carboxylate-containing polymer donors have significant application potential for high-voltage OSCs due to reduced energy loss and improved charge transport and dissociation. Furthermore, the matched absorption spectra with the indoor light sources and low voltage loss promote these material combinations to construct high-performance indoor photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianda Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengwei Ji
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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24
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Meng L, Li M, Lu G, Shen Z, Wu S, Liang H, Li Z, Lu G, Yao Z, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 16% and FF over 80. Small 2022; 18:e2201400. [PMID: 35451222 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecule engineering has been demonstrated as a valid strategy to adjust the active layer morphology in all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs). In this work, two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), FO-2Cl and FO-EH-2Cl, with different alkyl side chains are reported and applied in ASC-OSCs. Compared with FO-2Cl, FO-EH-2Cl is designed by replacing the octyl alkyl chains with branched iso-octyl alkyl chains, leading to an enhanced molecular packing, crystallinity, and redshifted absorption. With a small molecule BSFTR as donor, the device of BSFTR:FO-EH-2Cl obtains a better morphology and achieves a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.78% with a notable fill factor (FF) of 80.44% than that of the FO-2Cl-based device with a PCE of 15.27% and FF of 78.41%. To the authors' knowledge, the FF of 80.44% is the highest value in ASM-OSCs. These results demonstrate a good example of fine-tuning the molecular structure to achieve suitable active layer morphology with promising performance for ASM-OSCs, which can provide valuable insight into material design for high-efficiency ASM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Zichao Shen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Simin Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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25
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Xin J, Feng J, Lin B, Naveed HB, Xue J, Zheng N, Ma W. The Importance of Nonequilibrium to Equilibrium Transition Pathways for the Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells. Small 2022; 18:e2200608. [PMID: 35344263 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlled morphology of solution-processed thin films have realized impressive achievements for non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based organic solar cells (OSCs). Given the large set of donor-acceptor pairs, employing various processing conditions to realize optimal morphology for high efficiency and stable OSCs is a strenuous task. Therefore, comprehensive correlations between processing conditions and morphology evolution pathways have to be developed for efficient performance and stability of devices. Within the framework of the blend system, crystallization transitions of NFA molecules are tracked utilizing the first heating scan of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement correlating with respective morphology evolution of blend films. Real-time dynamics measurements and morphology characterizations are combined to provide optimal morphology transition pathways as NFA molecules are shown to be released from the mixed-phase to form balanced ordered packing with variant processing conditions. Polymer:NFA films are fabricated using blade coating incorporating solvent additive or thermal annealing as processing conditions as a correlation is formulated between performance and stability of solar cells with morphology transition pathways. This work demonstrates the significance of processing condition-controlled transition pathways for the realization of optimal morphology leading to superior OSC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hafiz Bilal Naveed
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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26
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Wang X, Feng C, Liu P, He Z, Cao Y. Origin of the Additive-Induced V OC Change in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Small 2022; 18:e2107106. [PMID: 35088934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additives are often used to adjust the morphology of the active layer to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, taking typical high-efficiency non-fullerene systems as examples, the effect of the additive on the device performance in non-fullerene OSCs is systematically investigated. Surprisingly, an unpresented VOC change is observed in the opposite direction of the two typical systems (PM6:Y6 and PTB7-Th: ITIC) appearing after the incorporation of the additive DIO, which can be affected by the morphological differences as indicated by the several morphological studies. The bewildering VOC change caused by the additive in different material systems is supposed to originate from the different energy level variations as verified by the energy level studies. Molecular dynamic (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also included to get an insight into the dynamic of the additive-induced morphological differences that are supposed to contribute to the energy level changes. Combining a series of morphological and energic studies as well as the theoretical calculations, the origin of unforeseeable VOC changes caused by additives in non-fullerene OSCs is clarified, and provides in-depth insights into the effects of additives on device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicai He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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27
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Jeong YH, Jeon JM, Kim JY, Kim YH. New Bithiophene Extended IDIC-Based Non-Fullerene Acceptors and Organic Photovoltaics Thereof. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031113. [PMID: 35164378 PMCID: PMC8838869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed new bithiophene extended electron acceptors based on m-alkoxythenyl-substituted IDIC with three different end groups, named as IDT-BT-IC, IDT-BT-IC4F, and IDT-BT-IC4Cl, respectively. The ultraviolet absorption maximum was redshifted and the bandgap was decreased as the strong electron accepting ability of the end group increased. A differential scanning calorimetry thermogram analysis revealed that all the new acceptors have a crystalline character. Using these acceptors and a bulk heterojunction structure using PBDB-T, inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices were fabricated, and their performance was analyzed. Due to the red shift of the electron acceptors, the OPV active layer particularly, which was derived from IDT-BT-IC4F, exhibited increased absorption at long wavelengths over 800 nm. The OPV prepared using IDT-BT-IC exhibited a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.30 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.95 V, a fill factor (FF) of 45%, and a photocurrent efficiency (PCE) of 1.00%. Using IDT-BT-IC4F, the corresponding OPV device showed Jsc = 8.31 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.86 V, FF = 47%, and PCE = 3.37%. The IDT-BT-IC4Cl-derived OPV had Jsc = 3.00 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.89 V, FF = 29%, and PCE = 0.76%. When IDT-BT-IC4F was used as the electron acceptor, the highest Jsc and PCE values were achieved. The results show that the low average roughness (0.263 nm) of the active layer improves the extraction of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Heon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
| | - Jae Min Jeon
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-55-772-1732 (J.Y.K.); +82-55-772-1491 (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-55-772-1732 (J.Y.K.); +82-55-772-1491 (Y.-H.K.)
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28
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Zhang Q, Zheng YJ, Sun W, Ou Z, Odunmbaku O, Li M, Chen S, Zhou Y, Li J, Qin B, Sun K. High-Efficiency Non-Fullerene Acceptors Developed by Machine Learning and Quantum Chemistry. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104742. [PMID: 34989179 PMCID: PMC8867193 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Y6 and its derivatives have greatly improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Further developing high-performance Y6 derivative acceptor materials through the relationship between the chemical structures and properties of these materials will help accelerate the development of OPV. Here, machine learning and quantum chemistry are used to understand the structure-property relationships and develop new OPV acceptor materials. By encoding the molecules with an improved one-hot code, the trained machine learning model shows good predictive performance, and 22 new acceptors with predicted PCE values greater than 17% within the virtual chemical space are screened out. Trends associated with the discovered high-performing molecules suggest that Y6 derivatives with medium-length side chains have higher performance. Further quantum chemistry calculations reveal that the end acceptor units mainly affect the frontier molecular orbital energy levels and the electrostatic potential on molecular surface, which in turn influence the performance of OPV devices. A series of promising Y6 derivative candidates is screened out and a rational design guide for developing high-performance OPV acceptors is provided. The approach in this work can be extended to other material systems for rapid materials discovery and can provide a framework for designing novel and promising OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Yu Jie Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials ScienceUniversity of BremenAm Fallturm 1Bremen28359Germany
| | - Zeping Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Jing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
| | - Bo Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low‐Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringChongqing University174 ShazhengjieShapingbaChongqing400044China
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29
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Zhong W, Zhang M, Freychet G, Su GM, Ying L, Huang F, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu F. Decoupling Complex Multi-Length-Scale Morphology in Non-Fullerene Photovoltaics with Nitrogen K-Edge Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2107316. [PMID: 34750871 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex morphology in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and other functional soft materials commonly dictates performance. Such complexity in OPVs originates from the mesoscale kinetically trapped non-equilibrium state, which governs device charge generation and transport. Resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS) has been revolutionary in the exploration of OPV morphology in the past decade due to its chemical and orientation sensitivity. However, for non-fullerene OPVs, RSoXS analysis near the carbon K-edge is challenging, due to the chemical similarity of the materials used in active layers. An innovative approach is provided by nitrogen K-edge RSoXS (NK-RSoXS), utilizing the spatial and orientational contrasts from the cyano groups in the acceptor materials, which allows for determination of phase separation. NK-RSoXS clearly visualizes the combined feature sizes in PM6:Y6 blends from crystallization and liquid-liquid demixing, while PM6:Y6:Y6-BO ternary blends with reduced phase-separation size and enhanced material crystallization can lead to current amplification in devices. Nitrogen is common in organic semiconductors and other soft materials, and the strong and directional N 1s → π* resonances make NK-RSoXS a powerful tool to uncover the mesoscale complexity and open opportunities to understand heterogeneous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhong
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | - Gregory M Su
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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30
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Lu H, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu X, Bo Z. Improving the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Introducing Perylene Diimide Derivative as Third Component and Individually Dissolving Donor/Acceptor. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:5442-5449. [PMID: 34581011 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A perylene diimide (PDI) derivative was used as the third component to prepare high-efficiency ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). PDI derivatives usually bear a wide bandgap and a long exciton diffusion length, which could be helpful to promote the device efficiency and still retain a high open-circuit voltage (Voc ). Compared with the binary OSC, the photovoltaic performance improved. Further changing the method for preparing the processing solutions from dissolving the polymer donor and small-molecule acceptor ITTC together to dissolving them individually, molecular packing in the deposited active layer could be adjusted and the short-circuit current density could be increased. As a result, the final device efficiency in such OSCs achieved 12.29 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) with a high Voc of 0.93 V. When using the PDI derivative as the third component to D18 : BTP-eC9-based OSCs, a high PCE of 17.38 % was obtained, which is the best one among photovoltaic devices employing PDI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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31
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Che Y, Niazi MR, Izquierdo R, Perepichka DF. Mechanism of the Photodegradation of A-D-A Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24833-24837. [PMID: 34506067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we elucidate the photodegradation pathway of A-D-A-type non-fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics. Using IT-4F as a benchmark example, we isolated the photoproducts and proved them isomers of IT-4F formed by a 6-e electrocyclic reaction between the dicyanomethylene unit and the thiophene ring, followed by a 1,5-sigmatropic hydride shift. This photoisomerization was accelerated under inert conditions, as explained by DFT calculations predicting a triplet-mediated reaction path (quenchable by oxygen). Adding controlled amounts of the photoproduct P1 to PM6:IT-4F bulk heterojunction cells led to a progressive decrease in photocurrent and fill factor attributed to its poor absorption and charge transport properties. The reaction is a general photodegradation pathway for a series of A-D-A molecules with 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone termini, and its rate varies with the structure of the donor and acceptor moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Ricardo Izquierdo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, Québec, H3C 1K3, Canada
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32
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shan T, Wei Q, Xu YX, Zhong H. Non-Fullerene Acceptors with an Optical Response over 1000 nm toward Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:51279-51288. [PMID: 34672513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with near-infrared (NIR) absorption show promising advantages in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, only a few NFAs can extend the absorption spectra over 1000 nm, and their photovoltaic performance has been unsatisfactory so far. To address this issue, three new NFAs, namely, 6-IFIC, 6-IF2F, and 6-IF4F, were synthesized by simultaneously introducing π-bridge units and different end groups. The π-bridge unit enlarges the conjugation and planarizes the molecular geometry, leading to intense absorption in the NIR range. The asymmetric configuration provides a large dipole moment, enhances the intermolecular interaction, and tunes the miscibility, consequently being beneficial for achieving a favorable morphology in OSCs. When blended with a donor polymer PTB7-Th, the 6-IF2F-based OSC yields the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.20%, which is among the highest PCEs based on NFAs with absorption over 1000 nm. More importantly, the absorption of the blend film provides a transparency window in the visible range from 400 and 650 nm. Therefore, the semitransparent OSCs based on these three NFAs can achieve over 28% average visible transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tong Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingyun Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Xiang Xu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongliang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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33
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Avalos-Quiroz YA, Bardagot O, Kervella Y, Aumaître C, Cabau L, Rivaton A, Margeat O, Videlot-Ackermann C, Vongsaysy U, Ackermann J, Demadrille R. Non-Fullerene Acceptors with an Extended π-Conjugated Core: Third Components in Ternary Blends for High-Efficiency, Post-Treatment-Free Organic Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3502-3510. [PMID: 34096201 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with a "A-π-D-π-A" structure, in which the electron-donating core is extended, was achieved. The molecules differed by the nature of the solubilizing groups on the π-spacer and/or the presence of fluorine atoms on the peripheral electron-accepting units. The optoelectronic properties of the molecules were characterized in solution, in thin film, and in photovoltaic devices. The nature of the solubilizing groups had a minor influence on the optoelectronic properties but affected the organization in the solid state. On the other hand, the fluorine atoms influenced the optoelectronics properties and increased the photo-stability of the molecules in thin films. Compared to reference ITIC, the extended molecules showed a wider absorption across the visible range and higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels. The photovoltaic performances of the four NFAs were assessed in binary blends using PM6 (PBDB-T-2F) as the donating polymer and in ternary blends with ITIC-4F. Solar cells (active area 0.27 cm2 ) showed power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.1 % when ternary blends were processed from non-halogenated solvents, without any thermal post-treatment or use of halogenated additives, making this process compatible with industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Kervella
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA/CNRS/IRIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Cyril Aumaître
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA/CNRS/IRIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Lydia Cabau
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA/CNRS/IRIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Agnès Rivaton
- Univ. Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Inst. de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Margeat
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288, Marseille, France
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34
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Peng SP, Yang XY, Zhao Y. Molecular Conditional Generation and Property Analysis of Non-Fullerene Acceptors with Deep Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9099. [PMID: 34445805 PMCID: PMC8396663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposition of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in organic solar cells has made great progress in the raise of power conversion efficiency, and it also broadens the ways for searching and designing new acceptor molecules. In this work, the design of novel NFAs with required properties is performed with the conditional generative model constructed from a convolutional neural network (CNN). The temporal CNN is firstly trained to be a good string-based molecular conditional generative model to directly generate the desired molecules. The reliability of generated molecular properties is then demonstrated by a graph-based prediction model and evaluated with quantum chemical calculations. Specifically, the global attention mechanism is incorporated in the prediction model to pool the extracted information of molecular structures and provide interpretability. By combining the generative and prediction models, thousands of NFAs with required frontier molecular orbital energies are generated. The generated new molecules essentially explore the chemical space and enrich the database of transformation rules for molecular design. The conditional generation model can also be trained to generate the molecules from molecular fragments, and the contribution of molecular fragments to the properties is subsequently predicted by the prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.-P.P.); (X.-Y.Y.)
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35
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Cai Y, Li Y, Wang R, Wu H, Chen Z, Zhang J, Ma Z, Hao X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Huang F, Sun Y. A Well-Mixed Phase Formed by Two Compatible Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enables Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18.6. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101733. [PMID: 34245185 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ternary strategy, introducing a third component into a binary blend, opens a simple and promising avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The judicious selection of an appropriate third component, without sacrificing the photocurrent and voltage output of the OSC, is of significant importance in ternary devices. Herein, highly efficient OSCs fabricated using a ternary approach are demonstrated, wherein a novel non-fullerene acceptor L8-BO-F is designed and incorporated into the PM6:BTP-eC9 blend. The three components show complementary absorption spectra and cascade energy alignment. L8-BO-F and BTP-eC9 are found to form a homogeneous mixed phase, which improves the molecular packing of both the donor and acceptor materials, and optimizes the ternary blend morphology. Moreover, the addition of L8-BO-F into the binary blend suppresses the non-radiative recombination, thus leading to a reduced voltage loss. Consequently, concurrent increases in open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor are realized, resulting in an unprecedented PCE of 18.66% (certified value of 18.2%), which represents the highest efficiency values reported for both single-junction and tandem OSCs so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Cai
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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36
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Cui J, Park JH, Kim DW, Choi MW, Chung HY, Kwon OK, Kwon JE, Park SY. Designing Nonfullerene Acceptors with Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Side Chains: Unraveling the Origin of Increased Open-Circuit Voltage and Balanced Charge Carrier Mobilities. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2481-2488. [PMID: 34254451 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent rapid development of organic solar cells (OSCs), the low dielectric constant (ϵr =3-4) of organic semiconducting materials limits their performance lower than inorganic and perovskite solar cells. In this work, we introduce oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains into the dicyanodistyrylbenzene-based non-fullerene acceptors (NIDCS) to increase its ϵr up to 5.4. In particular, a NIDCS acceptor bearing two triethylene glycol chains (NIDCS-EO3) shows VOC as high as 1.12 V in an OSC device with a polymer donor PTB7, which is attributed to reduced exciton binding energy of the blend film. Also, the larger size grain formation with well-ordered stacking structure of the NIDCS-EO3 blend film leads to the increased charge mobility and thus to the improved charge mobility balance, resulting in higher JSC , FF, and PCE in the OSC device compared to those of a device using the hexyl chain-based NIDCS acceptor (NIDCS-HO). Finally, we fabricate NIDCS-EO3 devices with various commercial donors including P3HT, DTS-F, and PCE11 to show higher photovoltaic performance than the NIDCS-HO devices, suggesting versatility of NIDCS-EO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Cui
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Park
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Choi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Hae Yeon Chung
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Oh Kyu Kwon
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kwon
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea.,Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea.,Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk, 55324 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea.,Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 (Republic of, Korea
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37
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Lessard BH. The Rise of Silicon Phthalocyanine: From Organic Photovoltaics to Organic Thin Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:31321-31330. [PMID: 34197065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon phthalocyanines are emerging n-type semiconductors for use in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Their low synthetic complexity paired with their versatile axial group facilitates the fine-tuning of their chemical properties, solution properties and processing characteristics without significantly affecting their frontier orbital levels or their absorption properties. The crystal engineering and film forming characteristics of silicon phthalocyanine semiconductors can be tuned through appropriate axial group functionalization, therefore facilitating their integration into both OTFTs and OPVs by solution processing or vapor deposition. This Spotlight on Applications will discuss recent advances in the integration of this exciting class of phthalocyanine into OTFTs and OPVs and highlights their promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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38
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Hong L, Yao H, Cui Y, Yu R, Lin YW, Chen TW, Xu Y, Qin J, Hsu CS, Ge Z, Hou J. Simultaneous Improvement of Efficiency and Stability of Organic Photovoltaic Cells by using a Cross-Linkable Fullerene Derivative. Small 2021; 17:e2101133. [PMID: 34013657 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stability are two main tasks for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. In the past few years, although the PCE of the OPV cells has been considerably improved, the research on device stability is limited. Herein, a cross-linkable material, cross-linked [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric styryl dendron ester (c-PCBSD), is applied as an interfacial modification layer on the surface of zinc oxide and as the third component into the PBDB-TF:Y6-based OPV cells to enhance photovoltaic performance and long-term stability. The PCE of the OPV cells that underwent the two-step modification increased from 15.1 to 16.1%. In particular, such OPV cells exhibited much better stability under both thermal and air conditions because of the decreased number of interfacial defects and stable interfacial and active layer morphologies. The results demonstrated that the introduction of a cross-linkable fullerene derivative into the interfacial and active layers is a feasible method to improve the PCE and stability of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Runnan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - You-Wei Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ziyi Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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39
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Im C, Kang SW, Choi JY, An J. Comparing Donor- and Acceptor-Originated Exciton Dynamics in Non-Fullerene Acceptor Blend Polymeric Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1770. [PMID: 34071335 PMCID: PMC8199303 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-fullerene type acceptors (NFA) have gained attention owing to their spectral extension that enables efficient solar energy capturing. For instance, the solely NFA-mediated absorbing region contributes to the photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as ~30%, in the case of the solar cells comprised of fluorinated materials, PBDB-T-2F and ITIC-4F. This implies that NFAs must be able to serve as electron donors, even though they are conventionally assigned as electron acceptors. Therefore, the pathways of NFA-originated excitons need to be explored by the spectrally resolved photovoltaic characters. Additionally, excitation wavelength dependent transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) was performed to trace the nature of the NFA-originated excitons and polymeric donor-originated excitons separately. Unique origin-dependent decay behaviors of the blend system were found by successive comparing of those solutions and pristine films which showed a dramatic change upon film formation. With the obtained experimental results, including TAS, a possible model describing origin-dependent decay pathways was suggested in the framework of reaction kinetics. Finally, numerical simulations based on the suggested model were performed to verify the feasibility, achieving reasonable correlation with experimental observables. The results should provide deeper insights in to renewable energy strategies by using novel material classes that are compatible with flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Im
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-W.K.); (J.-Y.C.); (J.A.)
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40
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Li P, Fang J, Wang Y, Manzhos S, Cai L, Song Z, Li Y, Song T, Wang X, Guo X, Zhang M, Ma D, Sun B. Synergistic Effect of Dielectric Property and Energy Transfer on Charge Separation in Non-Fullerene-Based Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15054-15062. [PMID: 33872454 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In non-fullerene-based photovoltaic devices, it is unclear how excitons efficiently dissociate into charge carriers under small driving force. Here, we developed a modified method to estimate dielectric constants of PM6 donor and non-fullerene acceptors. Surprisingly, most non-fullerene acceptors and blend films showed higher dielectric constants. Moreover, they exhibited larger dielectric constants differences at the optical frequency. These results are likely bound to reduced exciton binding energy and bimolecular recombination. Besides, the overlap between the emission spectrum of donor and absorption spectra of non-fullerene acceptors allowed the energy transfer from donor to acceptors. Hence, based on the synergistic effect of dielectric property and energy transfer resulting in efficient charge separation, our finding paves an alternative path to elucidate the physical working mechanism in non-fullerene-based photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jin Fang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Lei Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dongling Ma
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
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41
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Torimtubun AA, Follana-Berná J, Sánchez JG, Pallarès J, Sastre-Santos Á, Marsal LF. Fluorinated Zinc and Copper Phthalocyanines as Efficient Third Components in Ternary Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2021; 4:5201-5211. [PMID: 36426379 PMCID: PMC9677599 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated zinc and copper metallophthalocyanines MPcF48 are synthesized and incorporated as third component small molecules in ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs). To enable the high performance of TOSCs, maximizing short-circuit current density (J SC) is crucial. Ternary bulk heterojunction blends, consisting of a polymer donor PTB7-Th, fullerene acceptors PC70BM, and a third component MPcF48, are formulated to fabricate TOSCs with a device architecture of ITO/PFN/active layer/V2O5/Ag. Employing copper as metal atom substitution in the third component of TOSCs enhances J SC as a result of complementary absorption spectra in the near-infrared region. In combination with J SC enhancement, suppressed charge recombination, improved exciton dissociation and charge carrier collection efficiency, and better morphology lead to a slightly improved fill factor (FF), resulting in a 7% enhancement of PCE than those of binary OSCs. In addition to the increased PCE, the photostability of TOSCs has also been improved by the appropriate addition of CuPcF48. Detailed studies imply that metal atom substitution in phthalocyanines is an effective way to improve J SC, FF, and thus the performance and photostability of TOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina
Abat Amelenan Torimtubun
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Jorge Follana-Berná
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área
de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Av. de la Universidad s/n, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Department
of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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42
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Labanti C, Sung MJ, Luke J, Kwon S, Kumar R, Hong J, Kim J, Bakulin AA, Kwon SK, Kim YH, Kim JS. Selenium-Substituted Non-Fullerene Acceptors: A Route to Superior Operational Stability for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS Nano 2021; 15:7700-7712. [PMID: 33769786 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs) have significantly developed over the past five years with continuous improvements in efficiency now over 18%. However, a key challenge still remains in order to fully realize their commercialization potential: the need to extend device lifetime and to control degradation mechanisms. Herein, we investigate the effect of two different molecular engineering routes on the widely utilized ITIC NFA, to tune its optoelectronic properties and interactions with the donor polymer in photoactive blends. Heavier selenium (Se) atoms substitute sulfur (S) atoms in the NFA core in either outer or inner positions, and methyl chains are attached to the end groups. By investigating the effects of these structural modifications on the long-term operational stability of bulk-heterojunction OSC devices, we identify outer selenation as a powerful strategy to significantly increase device lifetime compared to ITIC. Combining outer selenation and methylation results in an impressive 95% of the initial OSC efficiency being retained after 450 h under operating conditions, with an exceptionally long projected half-lifetime of 5600 h compared to 400 h for ITIC. We find that the heavier and larger Se atoms at outer-core positions rigidify the molecular structure to form highly crystalline films with low conformational energetic disorder. It further enhances charge delocalization over the molecule, promoting strong intermolecular interactions among acceptor molecules. Upon methylation, this strong intermolecular interaction stabilizes acceptor domains in blends to be resilient to light-induced morphological changes, thereby leading to superior device stability. Our results highlight the crucial role of NFA molecular structure for OSC operational stability and provide important NFA design rules via heteroatom position and end-group control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Labanti
- Department of Physics & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Min Jae Sung
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Joel Luke
- Department of Physics & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sooncheol Kwon
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Rhea Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jehan Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Soon-Ki Kwon
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology & ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry & RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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43
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Zhou J, Zhang B, Du M, Dai T, Tang A, Guo Q, Zhou E. Side-chain engineering of copolymers based on benzotriazole (BTA) and dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (DTBDT) enables a high PCE of 14.6. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:225403. [PMID: 33618344 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (DTBDT) is a kind of prospective candidate for constructing donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) copolymer donors applied in organic solar cells but is restricted due to its relatively poor photovoltaic performance compared with benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (BDT)-based analog. Herein, three conjugated polymers (PE51,PE52andPE53)-based DTBDT and benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTA) bearing different lengths of alkyl side chain were designed and synthesized. The change in alkyl chain length can obviously affect the energy level distribution, molecular stacking, miscibility and morphology with the non-fullerene acceptor ofY6. PolymerPE52with a moderate alkyl chain realized the highest short-current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) of 25.36 mA cm-2and 71.94%, respectively. Compared with BDT-based analogJ52-Cl, the significantly enhanced crystallinity and intermolecular interaction ofPE52had effectively boosted the charge transport characteristic and optimized the surface morphology, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency from 12.3% to an impressive 14.6%, which is the highest value among DTBDT-based and BTA-based polymers. Our results show that not only could high efficiency be achieved via using DTBDT as a D unit, but the length of the alkyl chain on BTA has a significant impact on the photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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44
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Hu H, Ghasemi M, Peng Z, Zhang J, Rech JJ, You W, Yan H, Ade H. The Role of Demixing and Crystallization Kinetics on the Stability of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2005348. [PMID: 33150638 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With power conversion efficiency now over 17%, a long operational lifetime is essential for the successful application of organic solar cells. However, most non-fullerene acceptors can crystallize and destroy devices, yet the fundamental underlying thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of acceptor crystallization have received limited attention. Here, room-temperature (RT) diffusion coefficients of 3.4 × 10-23 and 2.0 × 10-22 are measured for ITIC-2Cl and ITIC-2F, two state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors. The low coefficients are enough to provide for kinetic stabilization of the morphology against demixing at RT. Additionally profound differences in crystallization characteristics are discovered between ITIC-2F and ITIC-2Cl. The differences as observed by secondary-ion mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and microscopy can be related directly to device degradation and are attributed to the significantly different nucleation and growth rates, with a difference in the growth rate of a factor of 12 at RT. ITIC-4F and ITIC-4Cl exhibit similar characteristics. The results reveal the importance of diffusion coefficients and melting enthalpies in controlling the growth rates, and that differences in halogenation can drastically change crystallization kinetics and device stability. It is furthermore delineated how low nucleation density and large growth rates can be inferred from DSC and microscopy experiments which could be used to guide molecular design for stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeromy James Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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45
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Ma S, Wu S, Zhang J, Song Y, Tang H, Zhang K, Huang F, Cao Y. Heptacyclic S,N-Heteroacene-Based Near-Infrared Nonfullerene Acceptor Enables High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Small Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Offsets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:51776-51784. [PMID: 33156597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of energy offsets between donors and acceptors is a direct way to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and overall performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) (BDTBO-4F and BDTBO-4Cl) were synthesized, which were composed of a heptacyclic S,N-heteroacene core and terminal units with halogen atoms, where the latter modulates the energy level of the frontier molecular orbital. Consequently, BDTBO-4Cl exhibited a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital level (EHOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level (ELUMO) than BDTBO-4F. Moreover, these two NFAs exhibited high electron mobility and strong absorption at 700-900 nm. The polymer donor PM6 was combined with BDTBO-4F and BDTBO-4Cl, and the resulting OSCs exhibited outstanding power conversion efficiencies of 14.83% for the PM6:BDTBO-4F device and 13.87% for the PM6:BDTBO-4Cl device. More encouragingly, these OSCs exhibited efficient hole transfer from NFAs to PM6, despite small ΔEHOMO(D-A) values (<0.10 eV). These results prove that modulation of EHOMO of acceptors to decrease ΔEHOMO(D-A) is an efficient strategy for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Song
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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46
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Shi Q, Wu J, Wu X, Peng A, Huang H. Perylene Diimide-Based Conjugated Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells. Chemistry 2020; 26:12510-12522. [PMID: 32246541 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are undergoing rapid development and emerging as a hot area in the field of organic solar cells. Among the high-performance non-fullerene acceptors, aromatic diimide-based electron acceptors remain to be highly promising systems. This review discusses the important progress of perylene diimide (PDI)-based polymers as non-fullerene acceptors in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) since 2014. The relationship between structure and property, matching aspects between donors and acceptors, and device fabrications are unveiled from a synthetic chemist perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aidong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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47
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An N, Cai Y, Wu H, Tang A, Zhang K, Hao X, Ma Z, Guo Q, Ryu HS, Woo HY, Sun Y, Zhou E. Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage of 1.3 V and Low Non-Radiative Voltage Loss of 0.16 V. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002122. [PMID: 32844465 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Compared with inorganic or perovskite solar cells, the relatively large non-radiative recombination voltage losses (ΔVnon-rad ) in organic solar cells (OSCs) limit the improvement of the open-circuit voltage (Voc ). Herein, OSCs are fabricated by adopting two pairs of D-π-A polymers (PBT1-C/PBT1-C-2Cl and PBDB-T/PBDB-T-2Cl) as electron donors and a wide-bandgap molecule BTA3 as the electron acceptor. In these blends, a charge-transfer state energy (ECT ) as high as 1.70-1.76 eV is achieved, leading to small energetic differences between the singlet excited states and charge-transfer states (ΔECT ≈ 0.1 eV). In addition, after introducing chlorine atoms into the π-bridge or the side chain of benzodithiophene (BDT) unit, electroluminescence external quantum efficiencies as high as 1.9 × 10-3 and 1.0 × 10-3 are realized in OSCs based on PBTI-C-2Cl and PBDB-T-2Cl, respectively. Their corresponding ΔVnon-rad are 0.16 and 0.17 V, which are lower than those of OSCs based on the analog polymers without a chlorine atom (0.21 and 0.24 V for PBT1-C and PBDB-T, respectively), resulting in high Voc of 1.3 V. The ΔVnon-rad of 0.16 V and Voc of 1.3 V achieved in PBT1-C-2Cl:BTA3 OSCs are thought to represent the best values for solution-processed OSCs reported in the literature so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kangning Zhang
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Scyience, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Scyience, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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48
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Xiao L, Kolaczkowski MA, Min Y, Liu Y. Substitution Effect on Thiobarbituric Acid End Groups for High Open-Circuit Voltage Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:41852-41860. [PMID: 32811138 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have resulted in significant improvement in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). In our efforts to boost open-circuit voltage (VOC) for OSCs, the molecular design employing thiobarbituric acid (TBTA) end groups and an indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) core gives rise to NFAs with significantly raised lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, which, when paired with PCE10, can achieve VOC's over 1.0 V and decent PCEs that outperform the equivalent devices based on the benchmark ITIC acceptor. While the use of a TBTA end group is effective in tuning energy levels, very little is known about how the alkyl substitution on the TBTA group impacts the solar cell performance. To this end, TBTA end groups are alkylated with linear, branched, and aromatic sidechains to understand the influence on thin-film morphology and related device performances. Our study has confirmed the dependence of solar cell performance on the end-group substituents. More importantly, we reveal the presence of an ideal window of crystallinity associated with the medium-length hydrocarbon chains such as ethyl and benzyl. Deviation to the shorter methyl group makes the acceptor too crystalline to mix with the polymer donor and form proper domains, whereas longer and branched alkyl chains are too sterically bulky and hinder charge transport due to nonideal packing. Such findings underline the comprehensive nature of thin-film morphology and the subtle end-group effects for the design of non-fullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangang Xiao
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Matthew A Kolaczkowski
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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49
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Liu G, Li T, Zhan X, Wu H, Cao Y. High-Sensitivity Visible-Near Infrared Organic Photodetectors Based on Non-Fullerene Acceptors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:17769-17775. [PMID: 32200623 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive solution-processed organic photodetectors (OPDs) with a broadband response ranging from visible to near infrared (NIR) and excellent overall device performance are demonstrated. The OPDs were fabricated from a blend consisting of a wide-band gap polymer donor and a newly developed fused octacylic small-molecule electron acceptor with an acceptor-donor-acceptor structure, which shows relatively high and balanced hole/electron mobility and allows for a thicker photo-active layer (∼300 nm). In conjunction with the use of an optimized inverted device structure, the dark current density of the OPDs was suppressed to an ultralow level of (8.3 ± 5.5) × 10-10A cm-2 at a bias of -1 V and the capability to direct weak light intensity is down to 0.24 pW cm-2; both are among the lowest reported values for OPDs. Owing to the low shot noise enabled by the inverted structure and the low thermal noise due to the high shunt resistance of the device, the obtained OPDs show a spectrally flat photoresponse in the range of 350-950 nm (UV-vis-NIR) and a maximal specific detectivity (D*) of (2.1 ± 0.1) × 1013 Jones at 800-900 nm, which are among the best results of NIR OPDs reported to date and represents a highly sensitive photodetector for weak optical signal detection. Besides, the OPDs show a wide bandwidth of 30 kHz, a fast temporal response time around 12 us ∼14 us, and a large linear dynamic range of 106 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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50
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Perdigón-Toro L, Zhang H, Markina A, Yuan J, Hosseini SM, Wolff CM, Zuo G, Stolterfoht M, Zou Y, Gao F, Andrienko D, Shoaee S, Neher D. Barrierless Free Charge Generation in the High-Performance PM6:Y6 Bulk Heterojunction Non-Fullerene Solar Cell. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1906763. [PMID: 31975446 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are currently experiencing a second golden age thanks to the development of novel non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Surprisingly, some of these blends exhibit high efficiencies despite a low energy offset at the heterojunction. Herein, free charge generation in the high-performance blend of the donor polymer PM6 with the NFA Y6 is thoroughly investigated as a function of internal field, temperature and excitation energy. Results show that photocurrent generation is essentially barrierless with near-unity efficiency, regardless of excitation energy. Efficient charge separation is maintained over a wide temperature range, down to 100 K, despite the small driving force for charge generation. Studies on a blend with a low concentration of the NFA, measurements of the energetic disorder, and theoretical modeling suggest that CT state dissociation is assisted by the electrostatic interfacial field which for Y6 is large enough to compensate the Coulomb dissociation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perdigón-Toro
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Huotian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Markina
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Seyed Mehrdad Hosseini
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian M Wolff
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Guangzheng Zuo
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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