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Medvedkov IA, Nikolayev AA, Yang Z, Goettl SJ, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Elucidating the chemical dynamics of the elementary reactions of the 1-propynyl radical (CH 3CC; X 2A 1) with 2-methylpropene ((CH 3) 2CCH 2; X 1A 1). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6448-6457. [PMID: 38319693 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05872g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Exploiting the crossed molecular beam technique, we studied the reaction of the 1-propynyl radical (CH3CC; X2A1) with 2-methylpropene (isobutylene; (CH3)2CCH2; X1A1) at a collision energy of 38 ± 3 kJ mol-1. The experimental results along with ab initio and statistical calculations revealed that the reaction has no entrance barrier and proceeds via indirect scattering dynamics involving C7H11 intermediates with lifetimes longer than their rotation period(s). The reaction is initiated by the addition of the 1-propynyl radical with its radical center to the π-electron density at the C1 and/or C2 position in 2-methylpropene. Further, the C7H11 intermediate formed from the C1 addition either emits atomic hydrogen or undergoes isomerization via [1,2-H] shift from the CH3 or CH2 group prior to atomic hydrogen loss preferentially leading to 1,2,4-trimethylvinylacetylene (2-methylhex-2-en-4-yne) as the dominant product. The molecular structures of the collisional complexes promote hydrogen atom loss channels. RRKM results show that hydrogen elimination channels dominate in this reaction, with a branching ratio exceeding 70%. Since the reaction of the 1-propynyl radical with 2-methylpropene has no entrance barrier, is exoergic, and all transition states involved are located below the energy of the separated reactants, bimolecular collisions are feasible to form trimethylsubstituted 1,3-enyne (p1) via a single collision event even at temperatures as low as 10 K prevailing in cold molecular clouds such as G+0.693. The formation of trimethylsubstituted vinylacetylene could serve as the starting point of fundamental molecular mass growth processes leading to di- and trimethylsubstituted naphthalenes via the HAVA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakov A Medvedkov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | | | - Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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2
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Wang Z, Zhang C, Wu J, Li B, Chrostowska A, Karamanis P, Liu SY. trans-Hydroalkynylation of Internal 1,3-Enynes Enabled by Cooperative Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5624-5630. [PMID: 36862947 PMCID: PMC10162690 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A cooperative catalyst system involving a Pd(0)/Senphos complex, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, copper bromide, and an amine base, is demonstrated to catalyze trans-hydroalkynylation of internal 1,3-enynes. For the first time, a Lewis acid catalyst is shown to promote the reaction involving the emerging outer-sphere oxidative reaction step. The resulting cross-conjugated dieneynes are versatile synthons for organic synthesis, and their characterization reveals distinct photophysical properties depending on the positioning of the donor/acceptor substituents along the conjugation path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Jason Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Anna Chrostowska
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Panaghiotis Karamanis
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
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3
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Pfeffer C, Probst P, Wannenmacher N, Frey W, Peters R. Direct Enantioselective Addition of Alkynes to Imines by a Highly Efficient Palladacycle Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206835. [PMID: 35701311 PMCID: PMC9545068 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure propargylic amines are highly valuable synthetic building blocks. Much effort has been devoted to develop methods for their preparation. The arguably most important strategy is the 1,2‐addition of alkynes to imines. Despite remarkable progress, the known methods using Zn and Cu catalysts suffer from the need for high catalyst loadings, typically ranging from 2–60 mol % for neutral aldimine substrates. Here we report a planar chiral Pd complex acting as very efficient catalyst for direct asymmetric alkyne additions to imines, requiring very low catalyst loadings. Turnover numbers of up to 8700 were accomplished. Our investigation suggests that a Pd‐acetylide complex is generated as a catalytically relevant intermediate by the aid of an acac ligand acting as internal catalytic base. It is shown that the catalyst is quite stable under the reaction conditions and that product inhibition is not an issue. A total of 39 examples is shown which all yielded almost enantiopure products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pfeffer
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Patrick Probst
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nick Wannenmacher
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - René Peters
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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4
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Pfeffer C, Probst P, Wannenmacher N, Frey W, Peters R. Direct Enantioselective Addition of Alkynes to Imines by a Highly Efficient Palladacycle Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pfeffer
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
| | - Patrick Probst
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Nick Wannenmacher
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
| | - René Peters
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55Raum 06.301 70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
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5
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Miao H, Wang ZX. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross Coupling of Alkenes with Triisopropylsilylacetylene. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Miao
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry 96 Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei CHINA
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- University of Science & Technology of China Chemistry 96 Jinzhai Road 230026 Hefei CHINA
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6
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Guo H, Zhang S, Li Y, Yu X, Feng X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Palladium-Catalyzed Tail-to-Tail Reductive Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes to 2,3-Dibranched Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116870. [PMID: 35103393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed tail-to-tail reductive dimerization of terminal alkynes is described for the first time. Aromatic terminal alkynes bearing diverse and sensitive functional groups as well as aliphatic terminal alkynes are efficiently transformed to 2,3-dibranched butadienes. The key to achieve a selective tail-to-tail reductive dimerization reaction is to control appropriately the acidity of the reaction solution, which is accomplished by a combined use of pivalic acid and para-toluenesulfonic acid. The tail-to-tail reductive dimerization reaction is proposed to proceed via a cationic alkenyl palladium intermediate under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
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7
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Guo H, Zhang S, Li Y, Yu X, Feng X, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Palladium‐Catalyzed Tail‐to‐Tail Reductive Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes to 2,3‐Dibranched Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China
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8
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Wannenmacher N, Keim N, Frey W, Peters R. Catalytic Asymmetric Chlorination of Isoxazolinones. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noah Keim
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Chemistry GERMANY
| | - René Peters
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55Raum 06.301 70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
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9
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang Z, Zhang Z, He X, Chen G, Huang G, Lu X. Hydrazine Hydrate Accelerates Neocuproine-Copper Complex Generation and Utilization in Alkyne Reduction, a Significant Supplement Method for Catalytic Hydrogenation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17696-17709. [PMID: 34818024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diimine (HN═NH) is a strong reducing agent, but the efficiency of diimine oxidized from hydrazine hydrate or its derivatives is still not good enough. Herein, we report an in situ neocuproine-copper complex formation method. The redox potential of this complex enable it can serve as an ideal redox catalyst in the synthesis of diimine by oxidation of hydrazine hydrate, and we successfully applied this technique in the reduction of alkynes. This reduction method displays a broad functional group tolerance and substrate adaptability as well as the advantages of safety and high efficiency. Especially, nitro, benzyl, boc, and sulfur containing alkynes can be reduced to the corresponding alkanes directly, which provides a useful complementary method to traditional catalytic hydrogenation. Besides, we applied this method in the preparation of the Alzheimer's disease drug CT-1812 and studied the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China
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10
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Chen L, Lin C, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xing L, Guo Y, Feng J, Gao J, Du D. 1,4-Alkylcarbonylation of 1,3-Enynes to Access Tetra-Substituted Allenyl Ketones via an NHC-Catalyzed Radical Relay. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Xing
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yage Guo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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