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Hanif M, Zahoor AF, Saif MJ, Nazeer U, Ali KG, Parveen B, Mansha A, Chaudhry AR, Irfan A. Exploring the synthetic potential of epoxide ring opening reactions toward the synthesis of alkaloids and terpenoids: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13100-13128. [PMID: 38655462 PMCID: PMC11036177 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epoxides are oxygen containing heterocycles which are significantly employed as crucial intermediates in various organic transformations. They are considered highly reactive three-membered heterocycles due to ring strain and they undergo epoxide ring opening reactions with diverse range of nucleophiles. Epoxide ring-opening reactions have gained prominence as flexible and effective means to obtain various functionalized molecules. These reactions have garnered substantial attention in organic synthesis, driven by the need to comprehend the synthesis of biologically and structurally important organic compounds. They have also found applications in the synthesis of complex natural products. In this review article, we have summarized the implementation of epoxide ring opening reactions in the synthesis of alkaloids and terpenoids based natural products reported within the last decade (2014-2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawwad Saif
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Kulsoom Ghulam Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha P.O. Box 551 Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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Einsiedler M, Gulder TAM. Discovery of extended product structural space of the fungal dioxygenase AsqJ. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3658. [PMID: 37339975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal dioxygenase AsqJ catalyses the conversion of benzo[1,4]diazepine-2,5-diones into quinolone antibiotics. A second, alternative reaction pathway leads to a different biomedically important product class, the quinazolinones. Within this work, we explore the catalytic promiscuity of AsqJ by screening its activity across a broad range of functionalized substrates made accessible by solid-/liquid-phase peptide synthetic routes. These systematic investigations map the substrate tolerance of AsqJ within its two established pathways, revealing significant promiscuity, especially in the quinolone pathway. Most importantly, two further reactivities leading to new AsqJ product classes are discovered, thus significantly expanding the structural space accessible by this biosynthetic enzyme. Switching AsqJ product selectivity is achieved by subtle structural changes on the substrate, revealing a remarkable substrate-controlled product selectivity in enzyme catalysis. Our work paves the way for the biocatalytic synthesis of diverse biomedically important heterocyclic structural frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Einsiedler
- Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias A M Gulder
- Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department of Natural Product Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Wang Y, Yu L, Shao J, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Structure-driven protein engineering for production of valuable natural products. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:460-470. [PMID: 36473772 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the most frequently used biocatalysts, and their structures determine their functions. Modifying the functions of proteins on the basis of their structures lies at the heart of protein engineering, opening a new horizon for metabolic engineering by efficiently generating stable enzymes. Many attempts at classical metabolic engineering have focused on improving specific metabolic fluxes and producing more valuable natural products by increasing gene expression levels and enzyme concentrations. However, most naturally occurring enzymes show limitations, and such limitations have hindered practical applications. Here we review recent advances in protein engineering in synthetic biology, chemoenzymatic synthesis, and plant metabolic engineering and describe opportunities for designing and constructing novel enzymes or proteins with desirable properties to obtain more active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Biomedical Innovation R&D Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Luyao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhanpin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Biomedical Innovation R&D Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.
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Xiang H, Ferla S, Varricchio C, Brancale A, Brown NL, Black GW, Turner NJ, Castagnolo D. Biocatalytic and Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Quinolines and 2-Quinolones by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-N) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Biocatalysts. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3370-3378. [PMID: 36910872 PMCID: PMC9990064 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative aromatization of aliphatic N-heterocycles is a fundamental organic transformation for the preparation of a diverse array of heteroaromatic compounds. Despite many attempts to improve the efficiency and practicality of this transformation, most synthetic methodologies still require toxic and expensive reagents as well as harsh conditions. Herein, we describe two enzymatic strategies for the oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) and N-cyclopropyl-N-alkylanilines into quinolines and 2-quinolones, respectively. Whole cells and purified monoamine oxidase (MAO-N) enzymes were used to effectively catalyze the biotransformation of THQs into the corresponding aromatic quinoline derivatives, while N-cyclopropyl-N-alkylanilines were converted into 2-quinolone compounds through a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed annulation/aromatization reaction followed by Fe-mediated oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Carmine Varricchio
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K.,University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola L Brown
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Gary W Black
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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Wu D, Lei X. Enzymatic cascade reactions for the efficient synthesis of natural products. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of natural products and their analogs. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102759. [PMID: 35908314 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes continue to gain recognition as valuable tools in synthetic chemistry as they enable transformations, which elude conventional organochemical approaches. As such, the progressing expansion of the biocatalytic arsenal has introduced unprecedented opportunities for new synthetic strategies and retrosynthetic disconnections. As a result, enzymes have found a solid foothold in modern natural product synthesis for applications ranging from the generation of early chiral synthons to endgame transformations, convergent synthesis, and cascade reactions for the rapid construction of molecular complexity. As a primer to the state-of-the-art concerning strategic uses of enzymes in natural product synthesis and the underlying concepts, this review highlights selected recent literature examples, which make a strong case for the admission of enzymatic methodologies into the standard repertoire for complex small-molecule synthesis.
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Zheng Y, Wang ZW, Cheng WS, Xie ZZ, He XC, Chen YS, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Phosphine-Mediated Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Type/Wittig Cascade: Access to E-Configured 3-Styryl- and 3-(Benzopyrrole/furan-2-yl) Quinolinones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:974-984. [PMID: 34985275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A phosphine-mediated, well-designed Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type/Wittig cascade for the rapid assembly of a quinolinone framework from benzaldehyde derivatives is developed for the first time. By rationally combining I2/NIS-mediated cyclization, biologically relevant 3-(benzopyrrole/furan-2-yl) quinolinones were facilely synthesized in a one-pot process by starting from 3-styryl-quinolinones bearing an o-hydroxy/amino group, significantly expanding the chemical space of this privileged skeleton. Further utility of this protocol is illustrated by successfully performing this transformation in a catalytic manner through in situ reduction of phosphine oxide by phenylsilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Shuo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Shan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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Hou B, Zhou Y, Li W, Liu J, Wang C. Synthesis and evaluation of tryptanthrins as antitumor agents. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4-Aminoalkyl Quinolin-2-one Derivatives via Knorr Cyclisation of ω-Amino-β-Keto Anilides. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a high-yielding and solvent-free procedure N-ethoxycarbonyl protected ω-amino-β-keto anilides undergo Knorr cyclisation in neat polyphosphoric acid to provide straightforward route to 4-aminoalkyl quinolin-2-one derivatives with variable length of the alkyl chain.
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