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Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Organic Optoelectronic Materials Using Direct C-H Functionalization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300400. [PMID: 37823322 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules and polymers with conjugated structures can be used as organic optoelectronic materials. These molecules have conventionally been synthesized by cross-coupling reactions; however, in recent years, direct functionalization of C-H bonds has been used to synthesize organic optoelectronic materials. Representative reactions include direct arylation reactions (C-H/C-X couplings, with X being halogen or pseudo-halogen) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (C-H/C-H cross-coupling) reactions. Although these reactions are convenient for short-step synthesis, they require regioselectivity in the C-H bonds and suppression of undesired homo-coupling side reactions. This review introduces examples of the synthesis of organic optoelectronic materials using two types of direct C-H functionalization reactions. In addition, we summarize our recent activities in the development of direct C-H functionalization reactions using fluorobenzenes as substrates. This review covers the reaction mechanism and material properties of the resulting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
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2
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Jung HJ, Nyamayaro K, Baalbaki HA, Goonesinghe C, Mehrkhodavandi P. Cooperative Initiation in a Dinuclear Indium Complex for CO 2 Epoxide Copolymerization. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1968-1977. [PMID: 36688644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear indium complexes have been synthesized and characterized. These include neutral and cationic indium complexes supported by a Schiff base ligand bearing a binaphthol linker. The new compounds were investigated for alternating copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide. In particular, the neutral indium chloride complex (±)-[(ONapNiN)InCl2]2 (4) showed high conversion of cyclohexene oxide and selectivity for poly(cyclohexene carbonate) formation without cocatalysts at 80 °C under various CO2 pressures (2-30 bar). Importantly, the reactivity of the dinuclear indium chloride complex 4 is drastically different from that of the mononuclear indium chloride complex (±)-(NNiOtBu)InCl2 (5), suggesting a cooperative initiation mechanism involving the two indium centers in 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hassan A Baalbaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Jackman KMK, Liang G, Boyle PD, Zimmerman PM, Blacquiere JM. Changes in ligand coordination mode induce bimetallic C-C coupling pathways. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3977-3991. [PMID: 35174382 PMCID: PMC8937615 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon coupling is one of the most powerful tools in the organic synthesis arsenal. Known methodologies primarily exploit monometallic Pd0/PdII catalytic mechanisms to give new C-C bonds. Bimetallic C-C coupling mechanisms that involve a PdI/PdII redox cycle, remain underexplored. Thus, a detailed mechnaistic understanding is imperative for the development of new bimetallic catalysts. Previously, a PdII-Me dimer (1) supported by L1, which has phosphine and 1-azaallyl donor groups, underwent reductive elimination to give ethane, a PdI dimer, a PdII monometallic complex, and Pd black. Herein, a comprehensive experimental and computational study of the reactivity of 1 is presented, which reveals that the versatile coordination chemistry of L1 promotes bimetallic C-C bond formation. The phosphine 1-azaallyl ligand adopts various bridging modes to maintain the bimetallic structure throughout the C-C bond forming mechanism, which involves intramolecular methyl transfer and 1,1-reductive elimination from one of the palladium atoms. The minor byproduct, methane, likely forms through a monometallic intermediate that is sensitive to solvent C-H activation. Overall, the capacity of L1 to adopt different coordination modes promotes the bimetallic C-C coupling channel through pathways that are unattainable with statically-coordinated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M K Jackman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, N6A 5B7.
| | - Guangchao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Paul D Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, N6A 5B7.
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Johanna M Blacquiere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, N6A 5B7.
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4
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Forson KG, Bohman BO, Wayment CZ, Owens RN, McKnight CE, Davis RC, Stillwell LR, Smith SJ, Michaelis DJ. Medium and Large N-Heterocycle Formation via Allene Hydroamination with a Bimetallic Rh(II) Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:63-68. [PMID: 34965105 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a 2-phosphinoimidazole-derived bimetallic Rh(II) complex that enables intramolecular allene hydroamination to form 7- to 10-member rings in high yield. Monometallic Rh complexes, in contrast, fail to achieve any product formation. We demonstrate a broad substrate scope for formation of various N-heterocycles. Macrocyclizations that form 11- to 15-member N-heterocycles are also demonstrated. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via reversible allene insertion with a Rh-hydride followed by C-N bond-forming reductive elimination. We hypothesize that the reactivity observed with our catalyst vs monometallic Rh complexes is derived from the bimetallic nature of our complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton G Forson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Benjamin O Bohman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Coriantumr Z Wayment
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Rachel N Owens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Caitlyn E McKnight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Rhen C Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Lillian R Stillwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Stacey J Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - David J Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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5
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Martinez EE, Moreno MR, Barksdale CA, Michaelis DJ. Effect of Precatalyst Oxidation State in C–N Cross-Couplings with 2-Phosphinoimidazole-Derived Bimetallic Pd(I) and Pd(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mariur Rodriguez Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Caleb A. Barksdale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - David J. Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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