1
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Farrell EB, McNeill F, Weiss A, Duleba D, Guiry PJ, Johnson RP. The Detection of Trace Metal Contaminants in Organic Products Using Ion Current Rectifying Quartz Nanopipettes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6055-6064. [PMID: 38569051 PMCID: PMC11024892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
While ion current rectification (ICR) in aprotic solvent has been fundamentally studied, its application in sensing devices lacks exploration. The development of sensors operable in these solvents is highly beneficial to the chemical industry, where polar aprotic solvents, such as acetonitrile, are widely used. Currently, this industry relies on the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) for the detection of metal contamination in organic products. Herein, we present the detection of trace amounts of Pd2+ and Co2+ using ion current rectification, in cyclam-functionalized quartz nanopipettes, with tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEATFB) in MeCN as supporting electrolyte. This methodology is employed to determine the concentration of Pd in organic products, before and after purification by Celite filtration and column chromatography, obtaining comparable results to ICP-MS within minutes and without complex sample preparation. Finite element simulations are used to support our experimental findings, which reveal that the formation of double-junction diodes in the nanopore enables trace detection of these metals, with a significant response from baseline even at picomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer B. Farrell
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fionn McNeill
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alexander Weiss
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dominik Duleba
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Robert P. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Griffiths CM, Franckevičius V. The Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Acyclic Enolates for the Construction of Quaternary and Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Centres. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304289. [PMID: 38284328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
To facilitate the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals, the demand for novel stereofunctionalised building blocks has never been greater. Whilst molecules bearing quaternary and tetrasubstituted stereogenic centres are ideally suited to explore untapped areas of chemical space, the asymmetric construction ofsterically congested carbon centres remains a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. The enantioselective assembly of acyclic stereogenic centres is even more demanding due to the need to restrict a much wider range of geometries and conformations of the intermediates involved. In this context, the catalytic asymmetric allylicalkylation (AAA) of acyclic prochiral nucleophiles, namely enolates, has become an indispensable tool to access a range of linearα-quaternary andα-tetrasubstituted carbonyl compounds. However, unlike the AAA of cyclic enolates with a fixed enolate geometry, to achieve high levels of stereocontrol in the AAA of acyclic enolates, the stereoselectivity of enolisation must be considered. The aim of this review is to offer acomprehensivediscussion of catalytic AAA reactions of acyclic prochiral enolates and their analogues to generate congested quaternary and tetrasubstituted chiral centres using metal, non-metal and dual catalysis, with particular focus given to the control of enolate geometry and its impact on the stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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3
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Richard F, Clark P, Hannam A, Keenan T, Jean A, Arseniyadis S. Pd-Catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation of heterocycles: a user's guide. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1936-1983. [PMID: 38206332 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an in-depth analysis of recent advances and strategies employed in the Pd-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Pd-AAA) of nucleophilic prochiral heterocycles. The review is divided into sections each focused on a specific family of heterocycle, where optimisation data and reaction scope have been carefully analysed in order to bring forward specific reactivity and selectivity trends. The review eventually opens on how computer-based technologies could be used to predict an ideally matched catalytic system for any given substrate. This user-guide targets chemists from all horizons interested in running a Pd-AAA reaction for the preparation of highly enantioenriched heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Richard
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Paul Clark
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Al Hannam
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Thomas Keenan
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210, Bolbec, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
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4
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Han J, Hoteite L, Harrity JPA. Development of an Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Acyclic α-Fluoro-β-ketoesters for Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Fluoropiperidines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201595. [PMID: 35815542 PMCID: PMC9804466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first useful enantioselective Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of α-fluoro-β-ketoesters has been achieved using the Trost family of chiral ligands yielding products in up to 92 % ee. This work provides new insights regarding the typically modest selectivities associated with acyclic α-fluoroenolates and shows experimental evidence that the typically poor levels of enantiocontrol associated with these systems are not necessarily due to the presence of E/Z enolate mixtures. Finally, this methodology allows the easy preparation of useful 3-fluoropiperidine intermediates, and it is demonstrated that these systems are applicable to a range of functionalization reactions leading to new building blocks for the discovery of bioactive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Han
- Department of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Larry Hoteite
- Department of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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5
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Mando M, Fares M, Kowandy C, Grellepois F, Riguet E. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Enables Synthesis of Chiral γ-Lactones Bearing Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2022; 24:5351-5355. [PMID: 35856866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantioenriched α-aryl-α'-allyl-γ-butyrolactones bearing vicinal tertiary and quaternary stereocenters through organocatalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation is reported. The process demonstrated that weakly stabilized enolates derived from α-aryl-γ-butyrolactones can undergo regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective allylation using the proper activation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mando
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Mathieu Fares
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Christelle Kowandy
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Fabienne Grellepois
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Emmanuel Riguet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
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6
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Bowen E, Laidlaw G, Atkinson BC, McArdle-Ismaguilov TA, Franckevičius V. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Difunctionalized Cyclic Sulfones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10256-10276. [PMID: 35801657 PMCID: PMC9490805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As saturated heterocyclic building blocks become increasingly popular in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery programs, expansion of the synthetic toolkit to novel stereofunctionalized heterocycles is a priority. Herein, we report the development of a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction to access a broad range of enantioenriched α-difunctionalized 5- and 6-membered sulfones from easily accessible racemic starting materials. The allylic alkylation step was found to occur with high levels of enantioselectivity as a result of a palladium-mediated dynamic kinetic resolution of E/Z enolate intermediates. This methodology paves the way to hitherto unexplored stereodefined cyclic sulfones for medicinal chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Gillian Laidlaw
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
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7
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Babu KN, Pal S, Khatua A, Roy A, Bisai A. The catalytic decarboxylative allylation of enol carbonates: the synthesis of enantioenriched 3-allyl-3'-aryl 2-oxindoles and the core structure of azonazine. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:127-131. [PMID: 34897364 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 3-allyl-3'-aryl 2-oxindoles has been shown via the Pd(0)-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of allylenol carbonates. This methodology provides access to a variety of 2-oxindole substrates (5a-v) with all-carbon quaternary stereocenters (up to 94% ee) at the pseudobenzylic position under additive-free and mild conditions. The synthetic potential of this method was shown by the asymmetric synthesis of the tetracyclic core of the diketopiparazine-based alkaloid azonazine (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Naresh Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Souvik Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Arindam Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Avishek Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India. .,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia - 741246, West Bengal, India
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8
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Khan J, Tyagi A, Yadav N, Mahato R, Hazra CK. Lambert Salt-Initiated Development of Friedel-Crafts Reaction on Isatin to Access Distinct Derivatives of Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17833-17847. [PMID: 34874162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mild metal-free and efficacious route for the synthesis of biologically important 3-aryl oxindole derivatives is described. Using Lambert salt-initiated hydroarylation of isatin, a diverse array of monoarylated products, symmetrical/unsymmetrical double-arylated products, and deoxygenated hydroarylated products could be synthesized from the single starting substrate in good to excellent yields. A preliminary mechanistic study revealed that the reaction proceeds via a monoarylated product followed by a nucleophilic attack by another electron-rich arene nucleophile under mild conditions. The potential of newly synthesized symmetric/unsymmetric 3,3-disubstituted oxindole, 3-substituted 3-hydroxy oxindoles, 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones, and α-aryl oxindoles as valuable building blocks is further illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aparna Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rina Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy K Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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9
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Laidlaw G, Franckevičius V. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Thietane 1,1-Dioxides. Org Lett 2021; 24:400-405. [PMID: 34914384 PMCID: PMC8762707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of thietane 1,1-dioxides via linear enolate intermediates from racemic starting materials has been developed. This process installs an α-sulfonyl tetrasubstituted stereogenic center with high enantioselectivity. The potential to transform the alkylated products to novel types of enantioenriched spirocycles for medicinal chemistry applications has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Laidlaw
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
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10
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd‐Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. J. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Alexis L. Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Rylan J. Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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11
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd-Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26495-26499. [PMID: 34658132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective generation of quaternary carbon centers remains challenging but is of growing importance for the preparation of functional molecules. Metal catalyzed allylic alkylations of tertiary electrophiles can provide access to these substructures but remain generally incompatible with organometallic benzyl nucleophiles. Here we demonstrate that electron-deficient arylacetates can serve as benzyl nucleophile surrogates to generate enantioenriched acyclic molecules containing a quaternary carbon center via a two-step substitution-decarboxylation process using isoprene monoxide. Products are often obtained in >90 % ee using a commercially available catalyst. An array of electron-withdrawing functional groups on the arylacetate moiety are tolerated. The lactone generated by the initial substitution reaction can be used in further stereoselective transformations to prepare molecules with acyclic vicinal quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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12
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Jang DJ, Lee S, Lee J, Moon D, Rhee YH. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Addition of β-Keto Acids to Heteroatom-Substituted Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22166-22171. [PMID: 34278680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed asymmetric addition reaction of β-keto acids to heteroatom-substituted allene is reported. This reaction generates β-substituted ketones in an asymmetric manner through a branch-selective decarboxylative allylation pathway. The reaction accommodates various alkoxyallenes as well as amidoallenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigokro-127-beongil, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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13
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Hsieh CE, Tsao CY, Chuang CH, Chen LW, Chou CM. Palladium-Catalyzed Regiospecific Decarboxylative Allylation of (Cyclohexadienylidene)malononitriles: Access to α-Allyl-α-aryl Malononitriles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12168-12180. [PMID: 34346223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed regiospecific decarboxylative ε-allylation of (cyclohexadienylidene)malononitriles is presented for the synthesis of functionalized α-allyl-α-aryl malononitriles. This reaction proceeds via a resonance-stabilized α-aryl malononitrile anion, resulting in a wide range of α-allyl-α-aryl malononitriles in high yields with excellent linear product selectivity. We have also shown that the resulting products can be transformed into valuable synthetic intermediates by decyanation and Mizoroki-Heck arylation. In addition, an enantioselective decarboxylative allylation reaction is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-En Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nanzih District, 81148 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Tsao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nanzih District, 81148 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huan Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nanzih District, 81148 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nanzih District, 81148 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nanzih District, 81148 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Jang D, Lee S, Lee J, Moon D, Rhee YH. Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Addition of β‐Keto Acids to Heteroatom‐Substituted Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Jin Jang
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department Pohang Accelerator Laboratory 80 Jigokro-127-beongil, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Rhee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
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15
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Abstract
The asymmetric alkylation of enolates is a particularly versatile method for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl motifs, which are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry. Over the past several decades, the focus has shifted to the development of new catalytic methods that depart from classical stoichiometric stereoinduction strategies (e.g., chiral auxiliaries, chiral alkali metal amide bases, chiral electrophiles, etc.). In this way, the enantioselective alkylation of prochiral enolates greatly improves the step- and redox-economy of this process, in addition to enhancing the scope and selectivity of these reactions. In this review, we summarize the origin and advancement of catalytic enantioselective enolate alkylation methods, with a directed emphasis on the union of prochiral nucleophiles with carbon-centered electrophiles for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl derivatives. Hence, the transformative developments for each distinct class of nucleophile (e.g., ketone enolates, ester enolates, amide enolates, etc.) are presented in a modular format to highlight the state-of-the-art methods and current limitations in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
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16
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Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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17
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Lee YL, Lee KR, Xuan Z, Lee S. Dual Rh(
II
)/Pd(0) Relay Catalysis for
One‐Pot
Synthesis of
α‐Quaternary
Allylated Indolin‐2‐ones and Benzofuran‐2‐ones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lim Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Kyu Ree Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Zi Xuan
- Department of Chemistry (BK21) Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Korea
| | - Sang‐gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
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18
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Mando M, Grellepois F, Riguet E. Organocatalytic enantioselective allylic alkylation of α-aryl γ-lactones: an approach to densely functionalized quaternary stereocentres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6640-6643. [PMID: 32406441 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of α-aryl γ-lactones involving the activation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates by an original chiral Lewis base is reported. A wide range of γ-lactones bearing a quaternary stereocentre was thus obtained in both high yields and high enantiomeric ratios. The direct alkylation by MBH alcohol using in situ activation has been also established. Additionally synthetically useful functional transformations of groups surrounding the quaternary stereocentre have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Mando
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France.
| | - Fabienne Grellepois
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France.
| | - Emmanuel Riguet
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France.
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19
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Duquette DC, Cusumano AQ, Lefoulon L, Moore JT, Stoltz BM. Probing Trends in Enantioinduction via Substrate Design: Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of α-Enaminones. Org Lett 2020; 22:4966-4969. [PMID: 32543857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation of α-enaminones. In addition to serving as valuable synthetic building blocks, we exploit the α-enaminone scaffold and its derivatives as probes to highlight structural and electronic factors that govern enantioselectivity in this asymmetric alkylation reaction. Utilizing the (S)-t-BuPHOX ligand in a variety of nonpolar solvents, the alkylated products are obtained in up to 99% yield and 99% enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Duquette
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Louise Lefoulon
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jared T Moore
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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20
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Rokade BV, Guiry PJ. Synthesis of α-Aryl Oxindoles by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Arenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6172-6180. [PMID: 32259447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Aryl oxindoles are accessed from isatin via a two-step procedure involving a phospha-Brook rearrangement and a Friedel-Crafts alkylation in a one-pot procedure. The use of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol as solvent significantly extended the reaction substrate scope to include relatively less electron-rich arenes including benzene. This new alkylation method is fast and straightforward and allows for the direct introduction of the oxindole moiety onto a range of aromatic compounds including phenols. Additionally, the application of arylated products was shown in decarboxylative asymmetric allylation and protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji V Rokade
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (CSCB), Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Ogawa S, Miyata K, Kawakami S, Tanaka S, Kitamura M. CpRuII-chiral bisamidine complex catalyzed asymmetric Carroll-type decarboxylative allylation of β-keto allyl esters. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Jette CI, Tong ZJ, Hadt RG, Stoltz BM. Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation with a γ‐Butyrolactone‐Derived Silyl Ketene Acetal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina I. Jette
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Z. Jaron Tong
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical PhysicsCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical PhysicsCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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23
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Jette CI, Tong ZJ, Hadt RG, Stoltz BM. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation with a γ-Butyrolactone-Derived Silyl Ketene Acetal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:2033-2038. [PMID: 31742854 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Cu-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation using a γ-butyrolactone-derived silyl ketene acetal. Critical to the development of this work was the identification of a novel mono-picolinamide ligand with the appropriate steric and electronic properties to afford the desired products in high yield (up to 96 %) and high ee (up to 95 %). Aryl, aliphatic, and unsubstituted allylic chlorides bearing a broad range of functionality are well-tolerated. Spectroscopic studies reveal that a CuI species is likely the active catalyst, and DFT calculations suggest ligand sterics play an important role in determining Cu coordination and thus catalyst geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina I Jette
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Z Jaron Tong
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren And Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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24
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Trost BM, Schultz JE, Bai Y. Development of Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of α‐Nitroesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11820-11825. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | | | - Yu Bai
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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25
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Trost BM, Schultz JE, Bai Y. Development of Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of α‐Nitroesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry M. Trost
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
| | | | - Yu Bai
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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26
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O’Broin CQ, Guiry PJ. Construction of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Propargylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:5402-5406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Q. O’Broin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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27
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James J, Jackson M, Guiry PJ. Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Development, Mechanistic Understanding and Recent Advances. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinju James
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Mark Jackson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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28
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Aubert S, Katsina T, Arseniyadis S. A Sequential Pd-AAA/Cross-Metathesis/Cope Rearrangement Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Butenolides. Org Lett 2019; 21:2231-2235. [PMID: 30888193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical and highly enantio- (up to 94:6 er) and diastereoselective (up to >20:1 dr) synthesis of γ-butenolides bearing two adjacent stereogenic centers is reported featuring a sequential direct palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation/( E)-selective cross-metathesis/[3,3]-sigmatropic Cope rearrangement from readily available α-substituted (5 H)-furan-2-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie Aubert
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , U.K
| | - Tania Katsina
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , U.K
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , U.K
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29
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Song T, Arseniyadis S, Cossy J. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Quaternary γ-Lactams through Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:603-607. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris/CNRS/PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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30
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Kingston C, James J, Guiry PJ. Development of and Recent Advances in Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Protonation. J Org Chem 2018; 84:473-485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Biosca M, Jackson M, Magre M, Pàmies O, Norrby PO, Diéguez M, Guiry PJ. Enantioselective Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Tertiary α-Aryl Oxindoles via Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Protonation. An Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Biosca
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Mark Jackson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Marc Magre
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Early Product Development; Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1; SE-431 83 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica; C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
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32
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James J, Akula R, Guiry PJ. Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Protonation of Sterically Hindered α-Aryl Lactones and Dihydrocoumarins. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinju James
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry; University College Dublin, Belfield; Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Ramulu Akula
- Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry; University College Dublin, Belfield; Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry; University College Dublin, Belfield; Dublin 4 Ireland
- Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemistry; University College Dublin, Belfield; Dublin 4 Ireland
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33
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Cheng F, Lu W, Huang W, Wen L, Li M, Meng F. Cu-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of tertiary benzylic copper complexes and their in situ addition to carbonyl compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4992-4998. [PMID: 29938027 PMCID: PMC5989696 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic chemo- and enantioselective generation of tertiary benzylic copper complexes from Cu-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) additions to 1,1-disubstituted alkenes followed by in situ reactions with ketones and carboxylic acid phenol esters to construct multifunctional alkylboron compounds that contain quaternary stereogenic centers is presented. The method is distinguished by the unprecedented reaction mode of tertiary benzylic Cu complexes, allowing reaction with a wide range of carbonyl electrophiles in good yields and with high chemo-, site-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The catalytic protocol was performed with easily accessible chiral ligands and copper salts at ambient temperature. Functionalization of multifunctional alkylboron products provides useful building blocks that are otherwise difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Wenxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Lu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Mingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
| | - Fanke Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai , 200032 , China .
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34
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Fujita T, Yamamoto T, Morita Y, Chen H, Shimizu Y, Kanai M. Chemo- and Enantioselective Pd/B Hybrid Catalysis for the Construction of Acyclic Quaternary Carbons: Migratory Allylation of O-Allyl Esters to α-C-Allyl Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5899-5903. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Fujita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuya Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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35
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Ngamnithiporn A, Jette CI, Bachman S, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation of lactones and lactams with unactivated allylic alcohols. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2547-2551. [PMID: 29732133 PMCID: PMC5912103 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported is the first nickel-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation of lactones and lactams to provide products bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter.
The first nickel-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation of lactone and lactam substrates to deliver products bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter is reported. The reaction, which utilizes a commercially available chiral bisphosphine ligand, proceeds in good yield with a high level of enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee) on a range of unactivated allylic alcohols for both lactone and lactam nucleophiles. The utility of this method is further highlighted via a number of synthetically useful product transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Carina I Jette
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Shoshana Bachman
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Scott C Virgil
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA 91125 , USA .
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36
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Yu J, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Quaternary β
2,2
‐Amino Acids: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis and Incorporation into Peptides by Fmoc‐Based Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:818-822. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Sheng Yu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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37
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Yu J, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Quaternary β
2,2
‐Amino Acids: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis and Incorporation into Peptides by Fmoc‐Based Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Sheng Yu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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38
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Bora PP, Sun GJ, Zheng WF, Kang Q. Rh/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Regio-, Diastereo- and Enantioselective Addition of 2-Acyl Imidazoles with Allenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal P. Bora
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Gui-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Wei-Feng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
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39
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Zheng Y, Wang J, Xia PJ, Zhao QL, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates with Diethyl 2-Aminomalonate Assisted by In Situ Protection. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12202-12208. [PMID: 29090919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With the aid of in situ protection by N-(2-formylphenyl)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide, enantioselective allylic alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates with diethyl 2-aminomalonate was successfully realized. The corresponding adducts can be obtained in up to 99% yield with up to 98% ee as well as excellent regioselectivity. Besides, the adducts with opposite configurations were readily prepared by utilizing easily available and inexpensive quinine or quinidine as organocatalyst. Facile deprotection of the resulting adduct provides straightforward access to enantiopure α-methylene-γ-lactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University , Nanning, Guangxi 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
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40
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Jiang X, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Aliphatic Esters with Silyl Ketene Acetals as the Ester Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8887-8891. [PMID: 28597600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective allylic substitution with enolates derived from aliphatic esters under mild conditions remains challenging. Herein we report iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylation reactions of silyl ketene acetals, the silicon enolates of esters, to form products containing a quaternary carbon atom at the nucleophile moiety and a tertiary carbon atom at the electrophile moiety. Under relatively neutral conditions, the allylated aliphatic esters were obtained with excellent regioselectivity and enantioselectivity. These products were readily converted into primary alcohols, carboxylic acids, amides, isocyanates, and carbamates, as well as tetrahydrofuran and γ-butyrolactone derivatives, without erosion of enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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41
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Jiang X, Hartwig JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Aliphatic Esters with Silyl Ketene Acetals as the Ester Enolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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42
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Kennington SCD, Ferré M, Romo JM, Romea P, Urpí F, Font-Bardia M. Diastereoselective and Catalytic α-Alkylation of Chiral N-Acyl Thiazolidinethiones with Stable Carbocationic Salts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6426-6433. [PMID: 28525716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct nickel-catalyzed alkylation of chiral N-acyl-4-isopropyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thiones using a commercially available nickel(II) complex, (Me3P)2NiCl2, has been developed for tropylium and trityl tetrafluoroborate salts. The reaction provides a single diastereomer of the corresponding adducts in good to high yields, which, in turn, can be easily converted into a wide array of enantiomerically pure compounds that are difficult to obtain by other asymmetric procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C D Kennington
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mònica Ferré
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Romo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Romea
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fèlix Urpí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX. CCiTUB, Universitat de Barcelona , Carrer Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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43
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Mei GJ, Bian CY, Li GH, Xu SL, Zheng WQ, Shi F. Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of the Tryptanthrin Skeleton via an Enantioselective Decarboxylative [4 + 2] Cyclization. Org Lett 2017; 19:3219-3222. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jian Mei
- School of Chemistry and Material
Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Chen-Yu Bian
- School of Chemistry and Material
Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Guo-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Material
Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shao-Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Material
Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wen-Qin Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Material
Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Material
Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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44
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Mei GJ, Li D, Zhou GX, Shi Q, Cao Z, Shi F. A catalytic asymmetric construction of a tetrahydroquinoline-based spirooxindole framework via a diastereo- and enantioselective decarboxylative [4+2] cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10030-10033. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic asymmetric decarboxylative [4+2] cycloaddition of vinyl benzoxazinanones with methyleneindolinones has been established, affording chiral tetrahydroquinoline-based 3,3′-spirooxindoles with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jian Mei
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Gui-Xiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Qian Shi
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Zheng Cao
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
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45
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Jackson M, O'Broin CQ, Müller-Bunz H, Guiry PJ. Enantioselective synthesis of sterically hindered α-allyl–α-aryl oxindoles via palladium-catalysed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8166-8178. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly enantioselective synthesis of sterically hindered α-allyl–α-aryl oxindoles possessing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter at the oxindole 3-position has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jackson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Calvin Quince O'Broin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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