1
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Gao J, He XC, Liu YL, Li KR, Guan JP, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Visible-Light-Induced Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Nitriles. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38032230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a visible-light-induced nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl bromide with nitrile has been reported. By utilization of readily available nitriles as carbonyl precursors, a range of structurally diverse aryl ketones were facilely constructed. The synthetic simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and acidic functional group tolerance would broaden the synthetic utilities of this developed protocol as an expedient alternative to Grignard/organolithium protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Rong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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2
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Karakaya I, Rizwan K, Munir S. Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of (Het)aryl Ketones: An Approach from their Synthesis to Biological Perspectives. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Lin Q, Tong W, Shu XZ, Chen Y. Ti-Catalyzed Dehydroxylation of Tertiary Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:8459-8464. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Wu X, Chang Y, Lin S. Titanium radical redox catalysis: Recent innovations in catalysts, reactions, and modes of activation. Chem 2022; 8:1805-1821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Qing B, Bai X, Huang L, Zhao J, Zhou P, Feng H. Vinyl fluorosulfonamide: a practical vinyl electrophilic reagent for mild and efficient synthesis of ketones under catalyst- and additive-free conditions. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2085276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
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6
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Majhi J, Zhou B, Zhuang Y, Tom MJ, Dai H, Evans PA. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Cyanohydrins with Aryl Bromides: Construction of Biaryl Ketones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1850-3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of the lithium anion of aryl tert-butyldimethylsilyl protected cyanohydrins with aryl bromides followed by in situ deprotection with fluoride ion provides a convenient and versatile approach to biaryl ketones. This protocol represents the first example of a palladium-catalyzed arylation of a cyanohydrin, which functions as an acyl anion equivalent. Hence, in contrast to classical cross-coupling reactions, the pronucleophile component is incorporated in the product to permit further functionalization. We then highlight the synthetic utility of the new method with applications to bioactive biaryl ketones and the construction of a triaryl diketone that was used to prepare an extended tetrathiafulvalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Bohang Zhou
- Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Mai-Jan Tom
- Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Huifang Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Chen ZH, Sun RZ, Yao F, Hu XD, Xiang LX, Cong H, Liu WB. Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Aryl/Alkenyl-Cyano Cyclization Coupling to All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4776-4782. [PMID: 35263101 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective nickel-catalyzed intramolecular reductive cross-coupling of C(sp2) electrophiles and cyano groups is reported. Enantioenriched CN-containing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters are assembled by desymmetrizing cyclization of aryl/alkenyl halide-tethered malononitriles. The use of an organic reductant, (EtO)2MeSiH, is crucial to the enantioselectivity and reactivity. Applications of the method are demonstrated through the synthesis of bioactive molecules and their cyanated analogues and the total synthesis of the natural product diomuscinone. This study exhibits the potential of desymmetrizing reductive coupling strategies to access structurally rigid and synthetically versatile molecules from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Chen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Rui-Ze Sun
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Long-Xue Xiang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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9
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Younas SL, Streuff J. Kinetic Analysis Uncovers Hidden Autocatalysis and Inhibition Pathways in Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Ketone-Nitrile Couplings. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Younas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Martínez AR, Morales LP, Ojeda ED, Rodríguez MC, Rodríguez-García I. The Proven Versatility of Cp 2TiCl. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1311-1329. [PMID: 33147037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, titanocene monochloride has been postulated as a monoelectronic transfer reagent capable of catalyzing an important variety of chemical transformations. In this Perspective, our contributions to this growing field of research are summarized and analyzed. Especially known have been our contributions in C-C bond formation reactions, hydrogen-atom transfer from water to radicals, and isomerization reactions, as well as the development of a catalytic cycle that has subsequently allowed the preparation of a great variety of natural terpenes. It is also worth mentioning our contribution in the postulation of this single-electron transfer agent (SET) as a new green catalyst with a broad range of applications in organic and organometallic chemistry. The most significant catalytic processes developed by other research groups are also briefly described, with special emphasis on the reaction mechanisms involved. Finally, a reflection is made on the future trends in the research of this SET, aimed at consolidating this chemical as a new green reagent that will be widely used in fine chemistry, green chemistry, and industrial chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosales Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Pozo Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Díaz Ojeda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Castro Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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11
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Suga T, Takahashi Y, Ukaji Y. One‐Shot Radical Cross Coupling Between Benzyl Alcohols and Alkenyl Halides Using Ni/Ti/Mn System. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suga
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yuuki Takahashi
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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12
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Kumar Chenniappan V, Peck D, Rahaim R. Nickel catalyzed deoxygenative cross-coupling of benzyl alcohols with aryl-bromides. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Weweler J, Younas SL, Streuff J. Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Reductive Decyanation of Geminal Dinitriles by a Non-Free-Radical Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17700-17703. [PMID: 31513329 PMCID: PMC6899653 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A titanium-catalyzed mono-decyanation of geminal dinitriles is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, tolerates numerous functional groups, and can be applied to quaternary malononitriles. A corresponding desulfonylation is demonstrated as well. Mechanistic experiments support a catalyst-controlled cleavage without the formation of free radicals, which is in sharp contrast to traditional stoichiometric radical decyanations. The involvement of two TiIII species in the C-C cleavage is proposed, and the beneficial role of added ZnCl2 and 2,4,6-collidine hydrochloride is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sara L Younas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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14
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Zhen Q, Chen L, Qi L, Hu K, Shao Y, Li R, Chen J. Nickel‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Functionalized Arylacetonitriles with Arylboronic Acids in 2‐MeTHF: Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Aminoisoquinolines and Isoquinolones. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:106-111. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhen
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Lepeng Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Linjun Qi
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 China
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15
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16
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Weweler J, Younas SL, Streuff J. Titan(III)‐katalysierte, reduktive Decyanierung geminaler Dinitrile ohne freie Radikalintermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
| | - Sara L. Younas
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Deutschland
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17
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Lin Z, Lan Y, Wang C. Reductive Allylic Defluorinative Cross-Coupling Enabled by Ni/Ti Cooperative Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:8316-8322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun Lan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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18
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Leijendekker LH, Weweler J, Leuther TM, Kratzert D, Streuff J. Development, Scope, and Applications of Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Cyclizations to Aminated N-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:3382-3390. [PMID: 30615817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus H. Leijendekker
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jens Weweler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Tobias M. Leuther
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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19
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Luu HT, Streuff J. Development of an Efficient Synthesis of rac
-3-Demethoxyerythratidinone via a Titanium(III) Catalyzed Imine-Nitrile Coupling. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hieu-Trinh Luu
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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20
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Suga T, Ukaji Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling between Benzyl Alcohols and Aryl Halides Assisted by Titanium Co-reductant. Org Lett 2018; 20:7846-7850. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suga
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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21
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Moustafa D, Sweet C, Lim H, Calalpa B, Kaur P. Mn/Cu catalyzed addition of arylboronic acid to nitriles: Direct synthesis of arylketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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