1
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Jia K, Sun H, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Biosynthesis of isonitrile lipopeptides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102470. [PMID: 38788523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Isonitrile lipopeptides discovered from Actinobacteria have attracted wide attention due to their fascinating biosynthetic pathways and relevance to the virulence of many human pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specifically, the identification of the new class of isonitrile-forming enzymes that belong to non-heme iron (II) and α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenases has intrigued several research groups to investigate their catalytic mechanism. Here we summarize the recent studies on the biosynthesis of isonitrile lipopeptides from Streptomyces and Mycobacterium. The latest research on the core and tailoring enzymes involved in the pathway as well as the isonitrile metabolic enzymes are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Jia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Helen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Yiyan Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
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2
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Matsuda K, Maruyama H, Imachi K, Ikeda H, Wakimoto T. Actinobacterial chalkophores: the biosynthesis of hazimycins. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:228-237. [PMID: 38378905 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a transition metal element with significant effects on the morphological development and secondary metabolism of actinobacteria. In some microorganisms, copper-binding natural products are employed to modulate copper homeostasis, although their significance in actinobacteria remains largely unknown. Here, we identified the biosynthetic genes of the diisocyanide natural product hazimycin in Kitasatospora purpeofusca HV058, through gene knock-out and heterologous expression. Biochemical analyses revealed that hazimycin A specifically binds to copper, which diminishes its antimicrobial activity. The presence of a set of putative importer/exporter genes surrounding the biosynthetic genes suggested that hazimycin is a chalkophore that modulates the intracellular copper level. A bioinformatic survey of homologous gene cassettes, as well as the identification of two previously unknown hazimycin-producing Streptomyces strains, indicated that the isocyanide-based mechanism of copper homeostasis is prevalent in actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Maruyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kumiko Imachi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Haruo Ikeda
- Technology Research Association for Next generation natural products chemistry, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Wakimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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3
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Chatziorfanou E, Romero AR, Chouchane L, Dömling A. Crystal Clear: Decoding Isocyanide Intermolecular Interactions through Crystallography. J Org Chem 2024; 89:957-974. [PMID: 38175810 PMCID: PMC10804414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The isocyanide group is the chameleon among the functional groups in organic chemistry. Unlike other multiatom functional groups, where the electrophilic and nucleophilic moieties are typically separated, isocyanides combine both functionalities in the terminal carbon. This unique feature can be rationalized using the frontier orbital concept and has significant implications for its intermolecular interactions and the reactivity of the functional group. In this study, we perform a Cambridge Crystallographic Database-supported analysis of isocyanide intramolecular interactions to investigate the intramolecular interactions of isocyanides in the solid state, excluding isocyanide-metal complexes. We discuss examples of different interaction classes, including the isocyanide as a hydrogen bond acceptor (RNC···HX), halogen bonding (RNC···X), and interactions involving the isocyanide and carbon atoms (RNC···C). The latter interaction serves as an intriguing illustration of a Bürgi-Dunitz trajectory and represents a crucial experimental detail in the well-known multicomponent reactions such as the Ugi- and Passerini-type mechanisms. Understanding the spectrum of intramolecular interactions that isocyanides can undergo holds significant implications in fields such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Chatziorfanou
- Innovative
Chemistry Group, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and
Research Institute, Palacky University in
Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Atilio Reyes Romero
- Genetic
Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, P.O.
Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10021, United States
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Genetic
Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, P.O.
Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York 10021, United States
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Innovative
Chemistry Group, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and
Research Institute, Palacky University in
Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
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4
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Han L, Chang PV. Activity-based protein profiling in microbes and the gut microbiome. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102351. [PMID: 37429085 PMCID: PMC10527501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a powerful chemical approach for probing protein function and enzymatic activity in complex biological systems. This strategy typically utilizes activity-based probes that are designed to bind a specific protein, amino acid residue, or protein family and form a covalent bond through a reactivity-based warhead. Subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry-based proteomic platforms that involve either click chemistry or affinity-based labeling to enrich for the tagged proteins enables identification of protein function and enzymatic activity. ABPP has facilitated elucidation of biological processes in bacteria, discovery of new antibiotics, and characterization of host-microbe interactions within physiological contexts. This review will focus on recent advances and applications of ABPP in bacteria and complex microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Pamela V Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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5
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Nickles GR, Oestereicher B, Keller NP, Drott M. Mining for a new class of fungal natural products: the evolution, diversity, and distribution of isocyanide synthase biosynthetic gene clusters. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7220-7235. [PMID: 37427794 PMCID: PMC10415135 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The products of non-canonical isocyanide synthase (ICS) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) mediate pathogenesis, microbial competition, and metal-homeostasis through metal-associated chemistry. We sought to enable research into this class of compounds by characterizing the biosynthetic potential and evolutionary history of these BGCs across the Fungal Kingdom. We amalgamated a pipeline of tools to predict BGCs based on shared promoter motifs and located 3800 ICS BGCs in 3300 genomes, making ICS BGCs the fifth largest class of specialized metabolites compared to canonical classes found by antiSMASH. ICS BGCs are not evenly distributed across fungi, with evidence of gene-family expansions in several Ascomycete families. We show that the ICS dit1/2 gene cluster family (GCF), which was prior only studied in yeast, is present in ∼30% of all Ascomycetes. The dit variety ICS exhibits greater similarity to bacterial ICS than other fungal ICS, suggesting a potential convergence of the ICS backbone domain. The evolutionary origins of the dit GCF in Ascomycota are ancient and these genes are diversifying in some lineages. Our results create a roadmap for future research into ICS BGCs. We developed a website (https://isocyanides.fungi.wisc.edu/) that facilitates the exploration and downloading of all identified fungal ICS BGCs and GCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Nickles
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Milton T Drott
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Lab (CDL), St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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6
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Nickles GR, Oestereicher B, Keller NP, Drott MT. Mining for a New Class of Fungal Natural Products: The Evolution, Diversity, and Distribution of Isocyanide Synthase Biosynthetic Gene Clusters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537281. [PMID: 37131656 PMCID: PMC10153163 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The products of non-canonical isocyanide synthase (ICS) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) have notable bioactivities that mediate pathogenesis, microbial competition, and metal-homeostasis through metal-associated chemistry. We sought to enable research into this class of compounds by characterizing the biosynthetic potential and evolutionary history of these BGCs across the Fungal Kingdom. We developed the first genome-mining pipeline to identify ICS BGCs, locating 3,800 ICS BGCs in 3,300 genomes. Genes in these clusters share promoter motifs and are maintained in contiguous groupings by natural selection. ICS BGCs are not evenly distributed across fungi, with evidence of gene-family expansions in several Ascomycete families. We show that the ICS dit1 / 2 gene cluster family (GCF), which was thought to only exist in yeast, is present in ∼30% of all Ascomycetes, including many filamentous fungi. The evolutionary history of the dit GCF is marked by deep divergences and phylogenetic incompatibilities that raise questions about convergent evolution and suggest selection or horizontal gene transfers have shaped the evolution of this cluster in some yeast and dimorphic fungi. Our results create a roadmap for future research into ICS BGCs. We developed a website ( www.isocyanides.fungi.wisc.edu ) that facilitates the exploration, filtering, and downloading of all identified fungal ICS BGCs and GCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R. Nickles
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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7
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Yang J, Song Y, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Wang S, Yuan J, Wong NK, Yan Y, Ju J. Sulfoxanthicillin from the deep-sea derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101: an antimicrobial compound against Gram-positive and -negative pathogens. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:113-120. [PMID: 36642755 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products along with their analogs have been intensively explored for their antimicrobial potential against 'ESKAPE' pathogens. Herein, we report a new natural product with strong antibacterial activity, sulfoxanthocillin (1), along with its decomposed product peniformamide (2), and the known compound xanthocillin X (3) from the deep-sea derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 showed significant activity against series pathogens with MIC values ranging 0.06-8.0 μg mL-1. As an artificial unnatural product during the isolation process, compound 2 had lower antimicrobial activity than that of compound 1, which could be attributed to a change in structural modification from an isonitrile group in compound 1 to a formamide group in compound 2. In terms of cytotoxicity, 1 showed relatively low cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines compared with xanthocillin X (3), suggesting that the sulfate group present in 1 should be a determinant of cytotoxic activities. Overall, sulfoxanthocillin (1) merits further attention as a potential lead compound for anti-infective interventions against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Yongxiang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China.
| | - Zhenbin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Yun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China.
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8
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Bakker A, Kotsogianni I, Mirenda L, Straub VM, Avalos M, van den Berg RJBH, Florea BI, van Wezel GP, Janssen APA, Martin NI, van der Stelt M. Chemical Proteomics Reveals Antibiotic Targets of Oxadiazolones in MRSA. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 145:1136-1143. [PMID: 36584241 PMCID: PMC9853856 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening is a powerful approach to identify novel antibiotics, but elucidation of the targets responsible for the antimicrobial activity is often challenging in the case of compounds with a polypharmacological mode of action. Here, we show that activity-based protein profiling maps the target interaction landscape of a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-3-ones identified in a phenotypic screen to have high antibacterial potency against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In situ competitive and comparative chemical proteomics with a tailor-made activity-based probe, in combination with transposon and resistance studies, revealed several cysteine and serine hydrolases as relevant targets. Our data showcase oxadiazolones as a novel antibacterial chemotype with a polypharmacological mode of action, in which FabH, FphC, and AdhE play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
T. Bakker
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Ioli Kotsogianni
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | - Liza Mirenda
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Verena M. Straub
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana Avalos
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles P. van Wezel
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius P. A. Janssen
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I. Martin
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands,
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department
of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands,
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9
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Efficient De Novo Biosynthesis of Heme by Membrane Engineering in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415524. [PMID: 36555164 PMCID: PMC9779679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is of great significance in food nutrition and food coloring, and the successful launch of artificial meat has greatly improved the application of heme in meat products. The precursor of heme, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), has a wide range of applications in the agricultural and medical fields, including in the treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, E. coli recombinants capable of heme production were developed by metabolic engineering and membrane engineering. Firstly, by optimizing the key genes of the heme synthesis pathway and the screening of hosts and plasmids, the recombinant strain EJM-pCD-AL produced 4.34 ± 0.02 mg/L heme. Then, the transport genes of heme precursors CysG, hemX and CyoE were knocked out, and the extracellular transport pathways of heme Dpp and Ccm were strengthened, obtaining the strain EJM-ΔCyoE-pCD-AL that produced 9.43 ± 0.03 mg/L heme. Finally, fed-batch fermentation was performed in a 3-L fermenter and reached 28.20 ± 0.77 mg/L heme and 303 ± 1.21 mg/L ALA. This study indicates that E. coli recombinant strains show a promising future in the field of heme and ALA production.
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Yeganeh O, Shabani M, Pakzad P, Mosaffa N, Hashemi A. Evaluation the reactivity of a peptide-based monoclonal antibody derived from OmpA with drug resistant pulsotypes of Acinetobacter baumannii as a potential therapeutic approach. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:30. [PMID: 35773688 PMCID: PMC9245400 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic and antibiotic-resistant pathogen that predominantly causes nosocomial infections. There is urgent need for development nonantibiotic-based treatment strategies. We developed a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a peptide of conserved outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and evaluated its reactivity with different pulsotypes of A. baumannii. METHODS Peptide derived from A. baumannii OmpA was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and injected into BALB/c mice. Splenocytes of immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells followed by selection of antibody-producing hybridoma cells. After screening of different hybridoma colonies by ELISA, one monoclone was selected as 3F10-C9 and the antibody was tested for reaction with five different Acinetobacter pulsotypes that were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. The affinity constant was measured by ELISA. The ELISA, western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and in vitro opsonophagocytosis assays were used to evaluate the reactivity of generated mAb. RESULTS The anti-OmpA antibody reacted with the immunizing peptide and had a high affinity (1.94 × 10-9 M) for its antigen in the ELISA. Specific binding of mAb to OmpA was confirmed in Western blot. IFA assays revealed that mAb recognized specific OmpA on the pulsotypes. Opsonophagocytosis assays showed that the mAb increased the bactericidal activity of macrophage cells. The antibody function was higher in the presence of serum complement. CONCLUSIONS The peptide-based mAb demonstrated optimal performance in laboratory experiments which may be appropriate in investigation on OmpA in Acinetobacter pathogenesis and development of passive immunization as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yeganeh
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Synthesis and Characterization of Preacinetobactin and 5-Phenyl Preacinetobactin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123688. [PMID: 35744823 PMCID: PMC9227331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total synthesis of 5-phenyl preacinetobactin and its characterization. The route was developed for the synthesis of preacinetobactin, the siderophore critical to the Gram-negative pathogen A. baumannii. It leverages a C5-substituted benzaldehyde as a key starting material and should enable the synthesis of similar analogs. 5-Phenyl preacinetobactin binds iron in a manner analogous to the natural siderophore, but it did not rescue growth in a strain of A. baumannii unable to produce preacinetobactin.
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12
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Fu J, Liu T, Feng X, Zhou Y, Chen M, Wang W, Zhao Y, Lu C, Quan G, Cai J, Pan X, Wu C. A Perfect Pair: Stabilized Black Phosphorous Nanosheets Engineering with Antimicrobial Peptides for Robust Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Eradication. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101846. [PMID: 35114076 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets emerged as promising 2D nanomaterial that have been applied to eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, their applications are limited by intrinsic ambient instability. Here, the ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL)-engineered BP nanosheets are constructed via simple electrostatic interaction to cater the demand for passivating BP with amplified antibacterial activity. The dual drug-delivery complex named BP@ε-PL can closely anchor onto the surface of bacteria, leading to membrane disintegration. Subsequently, in situ hyperthermia generated by BP under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation can precisely eradicate pathogenic bacteria. In vitro antibacterial studies verify the rapid disinfection ability of BP@ε-PL against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within 15 min. Moreover, ε-PL can serve as an effective protector to avoid chemical degradation of bare BP. The in vivo antibacterial study shows that a 99.4% antibacterial rate in a MRSA skin infection model is achieved, which is accompanied by negligible toxicity. In conclusion, this work not merely provides a new conjecture for protecting the BP, but also opens a novel window for synergistic antibiotic-resistant bacteria therapy based on antimicrobial peptides and 2D photothermal nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Minglong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
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13
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Massarotti A, Brunelli F, Aprile S, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Medicinal Chemistry of Isocyanides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10742-10788. [PMID: 34197077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eons of evolution, isocyanides carved out a niche in the ecological systems probably thanks to their metal coordinating properties. In 1859 the first isocyanide was synthesized by humans and in 1950 the first natural isocyanide was discovered. Now, at the beginning of XXI century, hundreds of isocyanides have been isolated both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and thousands have been synthesized in the laboratory. For some of them their ecological role is known, and their potent biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antifouling, and antitumoral compounds has been described. Notwithstanding, the isocyanides have not gained a good reputation among medicinal chemists who have erroneously considered them either too reactive or metabolically unstable, and this has restricted their main use to technical applications as ligands in coordination chemistry. The aim of this review is therefore to show the richness in biological activity of the isocyanide-containing molecules, to support the idea of using the isocyanide functional group as an unconventional pharmacophore especially useful as a metal coordinating warhead. The unhidden hope is to convince the skeptical medicinal chemists of the isocyanide potential in many areas of drug discovery and considering them in the design of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Abstract
The fungal kingdom has provided advances in our ability to identify biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and to examine how gene composition of BGCs evolves across species and genera. However, little is known about the evolution of specific BGC regulators that mediate how BGCs produce secondary metabolites (SMs). A bioinformatics search for conservation of the Aspergillus fumigatus xanthocillin BGC revealed an evolutionary trail of xan-like BGCs across Eurotiales species. Although the critical regulatory and enzymatic genes were conserved in Penicillium expansum, overexpression (OE) of the conserved xan BGC transcription factor (TF) gene, PexanC, failed to activate the putative xan BGC transcription or xanthocillin production in P. expansum, in contrast to the role of AfXanC in A. fumigatus. Surprisingly, OE::PexanC was instead found to promote citrinin synthesis in P. expansum via trans induction of the cit pathway-specific TF, ctnA, as determined by cit BGC expression and chemical profiling of ctnA deletion and OE::PexanC single and double mutants. OE::AfxanC results in significant increases of xan gene expression and metabolite synthesis in A. fumigatus but had no effect on either xanthocillin or citrinin production in P. expansum. Bioinformatics and promoter mutation analysis led to the identification of an AfXanC binding site, 5'-AGTCAGCA-3', in promoter regions of the A. fumigatus xan BGC genes. This motif was not in the ctnA promoter, suggesting a different binding site of PeXanC. A compilation of a bioinformatics examination of XanC orthologs and the presence/absence of the 5'-AGTCAGCA-3' binding motif in xan BGCs in multiple Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. supports an evolutionary divergence of XanC regulatory targets that we speculate reflects an exaptation event in the Eurotiales. IMPORTANCE Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are an important source of pharmaceuticals on one hand and toxins on the other. Efforts to identify the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that synthesize SMs have yielded significant insights into how variation in the genes that compose BGCs may impact subsequent metabolite production within and between species. However, the role of regulatory genes in BGC activation is less well understood. Our finding that the bZIP transcription factor XanC, located in the xanthocillin BGC of both Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium expansum, has functionally diverged to regulate different BGCs in these two species emphasizes that the diversification of BGC regulatory elements may sometimes occur through exaptation, which is the co-option of a gene that evolved for one function to a novel function. Furthermore, this work suggests that the loss/gain of transcription factor binding site targets may be an important mediator in the evolution of secondary-metabolism regulatory elements.
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West AV, Woo CM. Ironing out New Antibiotic Mechanisms with Xanthocillin X. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:403-405. [PMID: 33791423 PMCID: PMC8006163 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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