1
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Chou GM, Bush NE, Phillips RS, Baertsch NA, Harris KD. Modeling Effects of Variable preBötzinger Complex Network Topology and Cellular Properties on Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression and Recovery. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0284-23.2023. [PMID: 38253582 PMCID: PMC10921262 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0284-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The preBötzinger complex (preBötC), located in the medulla, is the essential rhythm-generating neural network for breathing. The actions of opioids on this network impair its ability to generate robust, rhythmic output, contributing to life-threatening opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). The occurrence of OIRD varies across individuals and internal and external states, increasing the risk of opioid use, yet the mechanisms of this variability are largely unknown. In this study, we utilize a computational model of the preBötC to perform several in silico experiments exploring how differences in network topology and the intrinsic properties of preBötC neurons influence the sensitivity of the network rhythm to opioids. We find that rhythms produced by preBötC networks in silico exhibit variable responses to simulated opioids, similar to the preBötC network in vitro. This variability is primarily due to random differences in network topology and can be manipulated by imposed changes in network connectivity and intrinsic neuronal properties. Our results identify features of the preBötC network that may regulate its susceptibility to opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Chou
- Department of Computer Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
| | - Nicholas E Bush
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington 90101
| | - Ryan S Phillips
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington 90101
| | - Nathan A Baertsch
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, Washington 90101
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Kameron Decker Harris
- Department of Computer Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
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2
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Deng M, Zou W. Noncoding RNAs: Novel Targets for Opioid Tolerance. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1202-1213. [PMID: 36453497 PMCID: PMC10286586 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129122932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a global health problem, chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability, and it imposes a huge economic and public health burden on families and society. Opioids represent the cornerstone of analgesic drugs. However, opioid tolerance caused by long-term application of opioids is a major factor leading to drug withdrawal, serious side effects caused by dose increases, and even the death of patients, placing an increasing burden on individuals, medicine, and society. Despite efforts to develop methods to prevent and treat opioid tolerance, no effective treatment has yet been found. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying opioid tolerance is crucial for finding new prevention and treatment strategies. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important parts of mammalian gene transcriptomes, and there are thousands of unique noncoding RNA sequences in cells. With the rapid development of high-throughput genome technology, research on ncRNAs has become a hot topic in biomedical research. In recent years, studies have shown that ncRNAs mediate physiological and pathological processes, including chromatin remodeling, transcription, posttranscriptional modification and signal transduction, which are key regulators of physiological processes in developmental and disease environments and have become biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. An increasing number of studies have found that ncRNAs are closely related to the development of opioid tolerance. In this review, we have summarized the evidence that ncRNAs play an important role in opioid tolerance and that ncRNAs may be novel targets for opioid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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3
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Xing M, Deng M, Shi Y, Dai J, Ding T, Song Z, Zou W. Identification and characterization of N6-methyladenosine circular RNAs in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:967768. [PMID: 35992914 PMCID: PMC9388936 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.967768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine tolerance (MT) is a tricky problem, the mechanism of it is currently unknown. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve significant functions in the biological processes (BPs) of the central nervous system. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as a key post-transcriptional modification of RNA, can regulate the metabolism and functions of circRNAs. Here we explore the patterns of m6A-methylation of circRNAs in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats. In brief, we constructed a morphine-tolerant rat model, performed m6A epitranscriptomic microarray using RNA samples collected from the spinal cords of morphine-tolerant rats and normal saline rats, and implemented the bioinformatics analysis. In the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats, 120 circRNAs with different m6A modifications were identified, 54 of which were hypermethylated and 66 of which were hypomethylated. Functional analysis of these m6A circRNAs found some important pathways involved in the pathogenesis of MT, such as the calcium signaling pathway. In the m6A circRNA-miRNA networks, several critical miRNAs that participated in the occurrence and development of MT were discovered to bind to these m6A circRNAs, such as miR-873a-5p, miR-103-1-5p, miR-107-5p. M6A modification of circRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of MT. These findings may lead to new insights into the epigenetic etiology and pathology of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wangyuan Zou,
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4
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Roy TK, Uniyal A, Tiwari V. Multifactorial pathways in burn injury-induced chronic pain: novel targets and their pharmacological modulation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:12121-12132. [PMID: 35842856 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Burn injuries are among the highly prevalent medical conditions worldwide that occur mainly in children, military veterans and victims of fire accidents. It is one of the leading causes of temporary as well as permanent disabilities in patients. Burn injuries are accompanied by pain that persists even after recovery from tissue damage which puts immense pressure on the healthcare system. The pathophysiology of burn pain is poorly understood due to its complex nature and lack of considerable preclinical and clinical shreds of evidence, that creates a substantial barrier to the development of new analgesics. Burns damage the skin layers supplied with nociceptors such as NAV1.7, TRPV1, and TRPA1. Burn injury-mediated co-localization and simultaneous activation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in nociceptive primary afferent C-fibers which contributes to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Burn injuries are accompanied by central sensitization, a key feature of pain pathophysiology mainly driven by a series of cascades involving aberrations in the glutamatergic system, microglial activation, release of neuropeptides, cytokines, and chemokines. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, altered endogenous opioid signaling, and distorted genomic expression are other pathophysiological factors responsible for the development and maintenance of burn pain. Here we discuss comprehensive literature on molecular mechanisms of burn pain and potential targets that could be translated into near future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Roy
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India.
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5
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Li MX, Wei QQ, Lu HJ. Progress on the Elucidation of the Antinociceptive Effect of Ginseng and Ginsenosides in Chronic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821940. [PMID: 35264958 PMCID: PMC8899510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a traditional Oriental herbal drug widely used in East Asia. Its main active ingredients are ginsenosides whose constituents are known to have various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antinociception, and neuroprotection. The analgesic effects of ginsenosides, such as Rg1, Rg2, and Rb1, as well as compound K, are well known and the analgesic mechanism of action in inflammatory pain models is thought to be the down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α IL-1β, and IL-6). Several studies have also demonstrated that ginsenosides regulate neuropathic pain through the modulation of estrogen receptors. Recently, an increasing number of pathways have emerged in relation to the antinociceptive effect of ginseng and ginsenosides. Therefore, this review presents our current understanding of the effectiveness of ginseng in chronic pain and how its active constituents regulate nociceptive responses and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xian Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian-Qi Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Tibet Military Command, Xizang, China
| | - Huan-Jun Lu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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6
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Modulation of KIF17/NR2B crosstalk by tozasertib attenuates inflammatory pain in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:549-563. [PMID: 35243557 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is among the most burdensome and devastating disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent studies suggest the role of kinesin nanomotors in development and maintenance of chronic pain. KIF17 is a member of kinesin superfamily that binds to NR2B cargo system via mLin10 scaffolding protein and makes the NMDARs functional at cell surface. NMDA receptor activation is known to induce the central sensitization and excitotoxicity which can be recognized by the glial cells followed by the release of cytokine storm at spinal and supraspinal level leading to chronic pain. In this study, we have investigated the role of aurora kinase in the regulation of KIF17 and NR2B trafficking in the animal model of chronic inflammatory pain. Tozasertib (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg i.p.), a pan aurora kinase inhibitor, significantly attenuates acute inflammatory pain and suppresses enhanced pain hypersensitivity to heat, cold, and mechanical stimuli in CFA-injected rats. Molecular investigations suggest enhanced expression of KIF17/mLin10/NR2B in L4-L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord of CFA-injected rats which was significantly attenuated on treatment with tozasertib. Moreover, tozasertib treatment significantly attenuated CFA-induced oxido-nitrosative stress and macrophage activation in DRG and microglia activation in spinal cord of rats. Findings from the current study suggest that tozasertib mediates anti-nociceptive activity by inhibiting aurora kinase-mediated KIF17/mLin10/NR2B signaling.
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7
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Paton KF, Luo D, La Flamme AC, Prisinzano TE, Kivell BM. Sex Differences in Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist Mediated Attenuation of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813562. [PMID: 35250563 PMCID: PMC8894863 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is a common side effect for cancer patients which has limited effective treatment options. Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists are a promising alternative to currently available opioid drugs due to their low abuse potential. In the current study, we have investigated the effects of Salvinorin A (SalA) analogues, 16-Ethynyl SalA, 16-Bromo SalA and ethyoxymethyl ether (EOM) SalB, and in a preclinical model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Using an acute dose-response procedure, we showed that compared to morphine, 16-Ethynyl SalA was more potent at reducing mechanical allodynia; and SalA, 16-Ethynyl SalA, and EOM SalB were more potent at reducing cold allodynia. In the mechanical allodynia testing, U50,488 was more potent in males and SalA was more potent in females. There were no sex differences in the acute cold allodynia testing. In the chronic administration model, treatment with U50,488 (10 mg/kg) reduced the mechanical and cold allodynia responses to healthy levels over 23 days of treatment. Overall, we have shown that KOR agonists are effective in a model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, indicating that KOR agonists could be further developed to treat this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly F. Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anne C. La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thomas E. Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bronwyn M. Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Bronwyn M. Kivell,
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8
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Uniyal A, Akhilesh, Singh Rathore A, Kumari Keshri P, Pratap Singh S, Singh S, Tiwari V. Inhibition of pan-Aurora kinase attenuates evoked and ongoing pain in nerve injured rats via regulating KIF17-NR2B mediated signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108622. [PMID: 35183034 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins (KIF's) are the motor proteins which are recently reported to be involved in the trafficking of nociceptors leading to chronic pain. Aurora kinases are known to be involved in the regulation of KIF proteins which are associated with the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Here, we investigated the effect of tozasertib, a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor, on nerve injury-induced evoked and chronic ongoing pain in rats and the involvement of kinesin family member 17 (KIF17) and NMDA receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) crosstalk in the same. Rats with chronic constriction injury showed a significantly decreased pain threshold in a battery of pain behavioural assays. We found that tozasertib [10, 20, and 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)] treatment showed a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of both evoked and chronic ongoing pain in rats with nerve injury. Tozasertib (40 mg/kg i.p.) and gabapentin (30 mg/kg i.p.) treatment significantly inhibits spontaneous ongoing pain in nerve injured rats but did not produce any place preference behaviour in healthy naïve rats pointing towards their non-addictive analgesic potential. Moreover, tozasertib (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg i.p.) and gabapentin (30 mg/kg i.p.) treatment did not altered the normal pain threshold in healthy naïve rats and didn't produce central nervous system associated side effects as well. Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies suggested enhanced expressions of NR2B and KIF-17 along with increased nuclear factor kappa β (NFkβ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord of nerve injured rats which was significantly attenuated on treatment with different does of Tozasertib. Findings from the current study suggests that inhibition of pan-Aurora kinase decreased KIF-17 mediated NR2B activation which further leads to significant inhibition of evoked and chronic ongoing pain in nerve-injured rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar Central University (BBAU), Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Gadepalli A, Akhilesh, Uniyal A, Modi A, Chouhan D, Ummadisetty O, Khanna S, Solanki S, Allani M, Tiwari V. Multifarious Targets and Recent Developments in the Therapeutics for the Management of Bone Cancer Pain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4195-4208. [PMID: 34723483 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a distinct pain state showing characteristics of both neuropathic and inflammatory pain. On average, almost 46% of cancer patients exhibit BCP with numbers flaring up to as high as 76% for terminally ill patients. Patients suffering from BCP experience a compromised quality of life, and the unavailability of effective therapeutics makes this a more devastating condition. In every individual cancer patient, the pain is driven by different mechanisms at different sites. The mechanisms behind the manifestation of BCP are very complex and poorly understood, which creates a substantial barrier to drug development. Nevertheless, some of the key mechanisms involved have been identified and are being explored further to develop targeted molecules. Developing a multitarget approach might be beneficial in this case as the underlying mechanism is not fixed and usually a number of these pathways are simultaneously dysregulated. In this review, we have discussed the role of recently identified novel modulators and mechanisms involved in the development of BCP. They include ion channels and receptors involved in sensing alteration of temperature and acidic microenvironment, immune system activation, sodium channels, endothelins, protease-activated receptors, neurotrophins, motor proteins mediated trafficking of glutamate receptor, and some bone-specific mechanisms. Apart from this, we have also discussed some of the novel approaches under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of bone cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Gadepalli
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ajay Modi
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Deepak Chouhan
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Obulapathi Ummadisetty
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shreya Khanna
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shreya Solanki
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Meghana Allani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh India
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10
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Mansour A, Nagi K, Dallaire P, Lukasheva V, Le Gouill C, Bouvier M, Pineyro G. Comprehensive Signaling Profiles Reveal Unsuspected Functional Selectivity of δ-Opioid Receptor Agonists and Allow the Identification of Ligands with the Greatest Potential for Inducing Cyclase Superactivation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1483-1498. [PMID: 34661070 PMCID: PMC8506601 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Prolonged exposure
to opioid receptor agonists triggers adaptations
in the adenylyl cyclase (AC) pathway that lead to enhanced production
of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) upon withdrawal. This cellular
phenomenon contributes to withdrawal symptoms, hyperalgesia and analgesic
tolerance that interfere with clinical management of chronic pain
syndromes. Since δ-opioid receptors (DOPrs) are a promising
target for chronic pain management, we were interested in finding
out if cell-based signaling profiles as generated for drug discovery
purposes could inform us of the ligand potential to induce sensitization
of the cyclase path. For this purpose, signaling of DOPr agonists
was monitored at multiple effectors. The resulting signaling profiles
revealed marked functional selectivity, particularly for Met-enkephalin
(Met-ENK) whose signaling bias profile differed from those of synthetic
ligands like SNC-80 and ARM390. Signaling diversity among ligands
was systematized by clustering agonists according to similarities
in Emax and Log(τ) values for the
different responses. The classification process revealed that the
similarity in Gα/Gβγ, but not in β-arrestin
(βarr), responses was correlated with the potential of Met-ENK,
deltorphin II, (d-penicillamine2,5)-enkephalin (DPDPE), ARM390,
and SNC-80 to enhance cAMP production, all of which required Ca2+ mobilization to produce this response. Moreover, superactivation
by Met-ENK, which was the most-effective Ca2+ mobilizing
agonist, required Gαi/o activation, availability of Gβγ
subunits at the membrane, and activation of Ca2+ effectors
such as calmodulin and protein kinase C (PKC). In contrast, superactivation by (N-(l-tyrosyl)-(3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carbonyl)-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanine (TIPP), which was set
in a distinct category through clustering, required activation of
Gαi/o subunits but was independent of the Gβγ dimer
and Ca2+ mobilization, relying instead on Src and Raf-1
to induce this cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Karim Nagi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul Dallaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Viktoriya Lukasheva
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
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11
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Ahmadi S, Zobeiri M, Mohammadi Talvar S, Masoudi K, Khanizad A, Fotouhi S, Bradburn S. Differential expression of H19, BC1, MIAT1, and MALAT1 long non-coding RNAs within key brain reward regions after repeated morphine treatment. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113478. [PMID: 34302875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morphine-induced analgesic tolerance and dependence are significant limits of pain control; however, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance and dependence have remained unclear. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in morphine tolerance and dependence is yet to be determined. We aimed to explore the association of specific lncRNAs expression in key brain reward regions after repeated injection of morphine. Male Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of twice-daily morphine (10 mg/kg) or saline (1 mL/kg) for eight days. On day 8 of the repeated injections, induction of morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence was confirmed through a hotplate test and a naloxone-precipitated withdrawal analysis, respectively. Expression of H19, BC1, MIAT1, and MALAT1 lncRNAs was determined from the midbrain, striatum, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus by real-time PCR on day 8 of the repeated injections. The H19 expression was significantly different between morphine-treated and control saline-treated rats in all investigated areas except for the hippocampus. The BC1 expression significantly altered in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, but not in the striatum and PFC after repeated morphine treatment. The MIAT1 and MALAT1 expression site-specifically altered in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and striatum; however, no significant changes were detected in their expression in the PFC and hippocampus after repeated morphine treatment. We conclude that alterations in the expression of these lncRNAs in the brain reward regions especially in the midbrain, striatum and hypothalamus may have critical roles in the development of morphine dependence and tolerance, which need to be considered in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zobeiri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi Talvar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kayvan Masoudi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Khanizad
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shima Fotouhi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Steven Bradburn
- Department of Life Sciences, Bioscience Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Zhou J, Ma R, Jin Y, Fang J, Du J, Shao X, Liang Y, Fang J. Molecular mechanisms of opioid tolerance: From opioid receptors to inflammatory mediators (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1004. [PMID: 34345286 PMCID: PMC8311239 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are considered the most effective analgesics for the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. However, prolonged opioid use can induce a certain level of tolerance to its analgesic effects, leading to a reduction in its effectiveness, addiction and abuse. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance may provide insights into this phenomenon and aid in the development of novel methods to combat the side effects of opioid tolerance. The present review focused on two major contributors to tolerance, opioid receptors and inflammatory mediators. The molecular mechanisms involved in the desensitization of the opioid receptors were briefly described, including their phosphorylation, internalisation and recycling. Subsequently, the effects of Toll like receptor 4/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3-mediated proinflammatory responses in opioid tolerance were discussed, aiming in supporting the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Junfan Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Junying Du
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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13
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On the Role of Peripheral Sensory and Gut Mu Opioid Receptors: Peripheral Analgesia and Tolerance. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112473. [PMID: 32466522 PMCID: PMC7321260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence on the role of peripheral µ-opioid receptors (MORs) in analgesia and analgesic tolerance. Opioid analgesics are the mainstay in the management of moderate to severe pain, and their efficacy in the alleviation of pain is well recognized. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with opioid analgesics induces central analgesic tolerance, thus limiting their clinical usefulness. Numerous molecular mechanisms, including receptor desensitization, G-protein decoupling, β-arrestin recruitment, and alterations in the expression of peripheral MORs and microbiota have been postulated to contribute to the development of opioid analgesic tolerance. However, these studies are largely focused on central opioid analgesia and tolerance. Accumulated literature supports that peripheral MORs mediate analgesia, but controversial results on the development of peripheral opioid receptors-mediated analgesic tolerance are reported. In this review, we offer evidence on the consequence of the activation of peripheral MORs in analgesia and analgesic tolerance, as well as approaches that enhance analgesic efficacy and decrease the development of tolerance to opioids at the peripheral sites. We have also addressed the advantages and drawbacks of the activation of peripheral MORs on the sensory neurons and gut (leading to dysbiosis) on the development of central and peripheral analgesic tolerance.
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