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Aslan A, Hatırnaz-Ng Ö, Taşar O, Özbek U, Yamantürk-Çelik P. Memantine and SKF82958 but not an enriched environment modulate naloxone-precipitated morphine abstinence syndrome without affecting hippocampal tPA mRNA levels in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 234:173688. [PMID: 38056696 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence supporting the involvement of tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) in the mechanisms underlying the effects of morphine and an enriched environment. This study was designed to investigate possible interactive roles of the glutamatergic and the dopaminergic systems regarding hippocampal tPA in the neurobiology of morphine dependence. For this purpose, Wistar albino rats, housed in either a standard- (SE) or an enriched environment (EE) were implanted subcutaneously with morphine (150 mg base) or placebo pellets. Behavioral and somatic signs of morphine abstinence precipitated by an opioid-receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) 72 h after the pellet implantation were observed individually for 15 min in all groups. Memantine (10 mg/kg i.p.), an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid class of glutamatergic receptor-subtype decreased teeth-chattering, ptosis, diarrhea and the loss of body weight. SKF82958 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a dopamine D1-receptor agonist decreased jumping and ptosis but increased rearing and loss of body weight. On the other hand, co-administration of SKF82958 with memantine prevented some of their effects that occur when administered alone at the same doses. Furthermore, the EE did not change the intensity of morphine abstinence. The level of hippocampal tPA mRNA was found to be lower in the SE morphine abstinence group than in the placebo group and close to the EE morphine abstinence group, whereas there was no significant alteration of its level in the memantine or SKF82958 groups. These findings suggest that the interaction between the glutamatergic and the dopaminergic systems may be an important component of the neurobiology of morphine dependence, and the role of tPA in this interaction should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Aslan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Çapa, İstanbul, Turkey; Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34126 Vezneciler, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Hatırnaz-Ng
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Çapa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Orçun Taşar
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Çapa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Özbek
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Çapa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yamantürk-Çelik
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Çapa, İstanbul, Turkey; Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34126 Vezneciler, İstanbul, Turkey.
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Bertin C, Dècle P, Chappard P, Roux P, Authier N. People who inject oral morphine favor experimentation with injectable opioid substitution. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:130. [PMID: 37700290 PMCID: PMC10496178 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The French Addictovigilance network has observed the existence of the intravenous use of oral morphine capsules among people suffering from opioid use disorders. According to persons who inject morphine, these capsules are easy to dissolve and then inject, giving them the image of an "injectable" opioid substitution treatment (OST). In France, validated OSTs are only available orally, so dissolving morphine capsules represents the only alternative for patients who are not sufficiently relieved by oral forms. This practice presents risks related to the potential persistence of particles of the oral galenic in the injectable solution, despite its filtration, but also risks-notably of overdose-related to the pharmacological effects of opioids and to variations of the quantities of morphine extracted during the dissolution of the capsules. We conducted an online survey among the people concerned to collect data on their needs and expectations regarding a possible injectable substitution. METHOD An anonymous online survey including all voluntary respondents residing in France and using oral morphine intravenously was conducted in partnership with the Psychoactif harm reduction organization, from 23/03/2020 to 01/04/2021. RESULTS The analysis of the 157 exploitable questionnaires showed that 41% of the respondents obtained their drugs only from illegal markets. The others received, regularly or occasionally, medical prescriptions, reimbursed in 84% of cases. For 78% of the respondents, injection was the most frequent route of morphine administration, with 3.8 ± 2 injections per day. 56% of the respondents were receiving an OST, on prescription (79%), monthly (86%), in addition to morphine. Skenan® capsules were the most frequently used (81%) and 47.2% of the respondents had already experienced injection-related complications. 95% of the respondents were in favor of experimenting with an injectable morphine substitution. Those who never received medical prescriptions were the youngest (< 25 years) respondents, they reported only occasional use of morphine, and always intravenously. CONCLUSION Oral morphine capsules dissolved and injected intravenously are not a safe and sustainable injectable substitution. Respondents wish to be able to benefit from an injectable substitution with a formulation adapted to the intravenous route. The availability of an injectable substitution would facilitate harm reduction and entry into care for the people concerned, particularly the youngest who have never received morphine prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célian Bertin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm 1107, Neuro-Dol, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Centres Addictovigilance et Pharmacovigilance, Centre Evaluation et Traitement de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, BP-69, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France.
- Observatoire Français des Médicaments Antalgiques (OFMA), French Monitoring Center for Analgesic Drugs, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Philémon Dècle
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques and Sociales de la Santé and Traitement de l'information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Association PsychoACTIF, Marseille, France
| | | | - Perrine Roux
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques and Sociales de la Santé and Traitement de l'information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Authier
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm 1107, Neuro-Dol, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Centres Addictovigilance et Pharmacovigilance, Centre Evaluation et Traitement de la Douleur, Université Clermont Auvergne, BP-69, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000, Clermont Ferrand, France
- Observatoire Français des Médicaments Antalgiques (OFMA), French Monitoring Center for Analgesic Drugs, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Analgesia, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Jokar Z, Khatamsaz S, Alaei H, Shariati M. The electrical stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala in combination with dopamine receptor antagonist reduces the acquisition phase of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rat. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:430-438. [PMID: 37614617 PMCID: PMC10443671 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is one of the nuclei involved in the reward system. The aim of the current study was to investigate the electrical stimulation (e-stim) effect of the CeA in combination with dopamine D1 receptor antagonist on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. Experimental approach A 5-day procedure of CPP was used in this study. Morphine was administered at an effective dose of 5 mg/kg, and SCH23390 as a selective D1 receptor antagonist was administrated into the CeA. In addition, the CeA was stimulated with an intensity of the current of 150 μA. Finally, the dependence on morphine was evaluated in all experimental groups. Findings/Results Morphine significantly increased CPP. While the blockade of the D1 receptor of the CeA reduced the acquisition phase of morphine-induced CPP. Moreover, the combination of D1 receptor antagonist and e-stim suppressed morphine-induced CPP, even it induced an aversion. Conclusion and implication The current study suggests that the administration of dopamine D1 receptor antagonist into the CeA in combination with e-stim could play a prominent role in morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jokar
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Saeed Khatamsaz
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Shariati
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Amgott-Kwan AT, Zadina JE. Endomorphin analog ZH853 shows low reward, tolerance, and affective-motivational signs of withdrawal, while inhibiting opioid withdrawal and seeking. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109439. [PMID: 36709036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently available μ-opioid receptor agonist pharmacotherapies for opioid use disorder possess adverse effects limiting their use and, despite treatment, rates of relapse remain high. We previously showed that endomorphin analog ZH853 had no effect in rodent models that predict abuse liability in humans. Here we extended these findings by examining dependence liability and reinforcing properties in female rats and male rats with previous opioid exposure. The potential use of ZH853 in managing opioid use disorder was evaluated by examining its effect on opioid-seeking behavior and withdrawal. We found that ZH853 did not induce locomotor activation in male and female mice and was not self-administered by female rats. Relative to morphine, ZH853 led to similar somatic signs of withdrawal, but low affective-motivational signs of withdrawal, and absent changes in ventral tegmental area K(+)-Cl(-) co-transporter expression associated with reward dysregulation. The low abuse liability of ZH853 was further supported in oxycodone self-administering male rats, where ZH853 substitution extinguished opioid-seeking behavior. ZH853 priming also did not reinstate morphine conditioned place preference. Lastly, ZH853 inhibited oxycodone-seeking behavior during relapse after forced abstinence and decreased the expression of morphine withdrawal. These findings suggest the potential use of ZH853 as a safer opioid medication for long-term treatment of pain and opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel T Amgott-Kwan
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute: 6823 St Charles Avenue, 200 Flower Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - James E Zadina
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute: 6823 St Charles Avenue, 200 Flower Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; SE Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 2400 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA.
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5
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Sheikholeslami MA, Parvardeh S, Ghafghazi S, Sabetkasaei M. Curcumin attenuates morphine dependence by modulating μ-opioid receptors and glial cell-activated neuroinflammation in rat. Neuropeptides 2023; 98:102318. [PMID: 36640553 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the association between neuroinflammation and opioid dependence has attracted considerable attention. Curcumin, a component of the Curcuma longa, has been shown to act as a suppressor of glial cells and inflammatory cytokines. The main goal of this study was to explore the attenuating effects of curcumin on morphine dependence with a focus on neuroinflammation and μ-opioid receptors in the rat prefrontal cortex. To induce morphine dependence in male Wistar rats, morphine was administered i.p. once daily for 18 days in an escalating dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was given from the days 10th to 18th. Immunofluorescence staining and ELISA methods were used to evaluate glial cells activity and inflammatory cytokines levels, respectively. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of μ-opioid receptors. The administration of curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) for 9 days significantly attenuated the symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome. The prefrontal cortex concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 was also reduced by curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) significantly. Furthermore, curcumin decreased the number of Iba1 and GFAP positive cells in morphine-dependent rats. Moreover, the expression of μ-opioid receptors was significantly reduced by curcumin (10 mg/kg). The results of this study demonstrate that curcumin attenuates morphine dependence in rats through an inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation and a decrease in the expression of μ-opioid receptors in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sabetkasaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khosravi K, Monajemi Mamaghani A, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacological and toxicity effects of Zhumeria majdae and its bioactive constituents: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2023; 26:255-268. [PMID: 36865035 PMCID: PMC9922363 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64967.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Zhumeria majdae Rech. F. & Wendelbo. traditionally has been used in several remedies, as a carminative agent especially for children, as an antiseptic agent, and it is used in treating diarrhea, stomach irritations, headaches, colds, convulsions, spasms, dysmenorrhea, and healing wounds. According to clinical studies, it is highly effective for reducing inflammation and pain, treating bacterial and fungal infections, morphine tolerance, morphine dependence, withdrawal syndrome symptoms, convulsions, and diabetes. The goal of this review is to find therapeutic opportunities by analyzing the traditional uses and pharmacological effects of the chemical constituents of Z. majdae. The information on Z. majdae in this review was gathered from scientific databases or search engines (PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, and Microsoft Academic). The literature cited in this review dates from 1992 to 2021. Several bioactive components including linalool, camphor, manool, and bioactive diterpenoids are presen in different parts of Z. majdae. Various properties were observed such as antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, larvicidal, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Also, the effect of Z. majdae on morphine tolerance, morphine dependence, and withdrawal syndrome as well as its toxicology has been established. Although there are in vitro and animal studies on several pharmacological effects of Z. majdae, the lack of clinical studies is significant. Therefore, further clinical trials should be performed to confirm the in vitro and animal findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Khosravi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Arman Monajemi Mamaghani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38819042; Fax: +98-51-38823251;
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7
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Ahmadi S, Mohammadi Talvar S, Masoudi K, Zobeiri M. Repeated Use of Morphine Induces Anxiety by Affecting a Proinflammatory Cytokine Signaling Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1425-1439. [PMID: 36450935 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in anxiety-like behaviors after repeated use of morphine. Morphine (10 mg/kg) was used twice daily for 8 days to induce morphine dependence in male Wistar rats. On day 8, opioid dependence was confirmed by measuring naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs. On days 1 and 8, anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using a light/dark box test. Expression of TLR1 and 4, proinflammatory cytokines, and some of the downstream signaling molecules was also evaluated in the bilateral PFC at mRNA and protein levels following morphine dependence. The results revealed that morphine caused anxiolytic-like effects on day 1 while induced anxiety following 8 days of repeated injection. On day 8, a significant decrease in TLR1 expression was detected in the PFC in morphine-dependent rats, but TLR4 remained unaffected. Repeated morphine injection significantly increased IL1-β, TNFα, and IL6 expression, but decreased IL1R and TNFR at mRNA and protein levels except for IL6R at the protein level in the PFC. The p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase expression significantly increased but the JNK3 expression decreased in the PFC in morphine-dependent rats. Repeated injection of morphine also significantly increased the NF-κB expression in the PFC. Further, significant increases in Let-7c, mir-133b, and mir-365 were detected in the PFC in morphine-dependent rats. We conclude that TLR1 and proinflammatory cytokines signaling pathways in the PFC are associated with the anxiogenic-like effects of morphine following its chronic use in rats via a MAP kinase/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Shiva Mohammadi Talvar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kayvan Masoudi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zobeiri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
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8
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Pourhassanali N, Zarbakhsh S, Miladi-Gorji H. Morphine dependence and withdrawal-induced changes in mouse Sertoli cell (TM4) line: Evaluation of apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:175-183. [PMID: 34517100 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chronic morphine exerts deleterious effects on testicular function through either suppression of germ cells or somatic including Sertoli cells, probably through the activation of inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptosis biomarkers. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether the damaging effects of morphine dependence were reversed by the spontaneous morphine withdrawal or incubation with methadone and/or naloxone in Sertoli (TM4) cells using an in- vitro cell model of morphine dependence. Morphine dependence in TM4 cells was induced by increasing daily doses of morphine for 10 days and then maintained for two weeks in 5 μM. The cAMP levels were measured for an evaluation of morphine dependence. The cell viability and inflammatory, oxidative, apoptosis biomarkers, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were measured after the end of treatment following the incubation of cells with methadone and naloxone and spontaneous withdrawal from morphine. We found that morphine dependence decreased cell viability, GDNF level and increased the levels of pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers in TM4 cells, while spontaneous withdrawal from morphine and by naloxone decreased the levels of the biomarkers of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic in TM4 cells. Also, despite the low levels of pro-inflammatory factors following morphine withdrawal by methadone, it increased the cleaved/pro-caspase3 ratio in TM4 cells. This study showed that morphine dependence increased apoptosis probably via oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in TM4 cells. Also, it seems likely that spontaneous and naloxone withdrawal have beneficial consequences in the treatment of morphine dependence than methadone therapy, although they may require longer incubation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Pourhassanali
- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Ahmadi S, Zobeiri M, Mohammadi Talvar S, Masoudi K, Khanizad A, Fotouhi S, Bradburn S. Differential expression of H19, BC1, MIAT1, and MALAT1 long non-coding RNAs within key brain reward regions after repeated morphine treatment. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113478. [PMID: 34302875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morphine-induced analgesic tolerance and dependence are significant limits of pain control; however, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying morphine tolerance and dependence have remained unclear. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in morphine tolerance and dependence is yet to be determined. We aimed to explore the association of specific lncRNAs expression in key brain reward regions after repeated injection of morphine. Male Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of twice-daily morphine (10 mg/kg) or saline (1 mL/kg) for eight days. On day 8 of the repeated injections, induction of morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence was confirmed through a hotplate test and a naloxone-precipitated withdrawal analysis, respectively. Expression of H19, BC1, MIAT1, and MALAT1 lncRNAs was determined from the midbrain, striatum, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus by real-time PCR on day 8 of the repeated injections. The H19 expression was significantly different between morphine-treated and control saline-treated rats in all investigated areas except for the hippocampus. The BC1 expression significantly altered in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, but not in the striatum and PFC after repeated morphine treatment. The MIAT1 and MALAT1 expression site-specifically altered in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and striatum; however, no significant changes were detected in their expression in the PFC and hippocampus after repeated morphine treatment. We conclude that alterations in the expression of these lncRNAs in the brain reward regions especially in the midbrain, striatum and hypothalamus may have critical roles in the development of morphine dependence and tolerance, which need to be considered in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zobeiri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi Talvar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kayvan Masoudi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Khanizad
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shima Fotouhi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Steven Bradburn
- Department of Life Sciences, Bioscience Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Nazeri-Rezaabad M, Jamalpoor Z, Alemrajabi MS, Nozari M, Razavinasab M, Nezhadi A. Chronic Exposure to Morphine Leads to a Reduced Affective Pain Response in the Presence of Hyperalgesia in an Animal Model of Empathy. Addict Health 2021; 12:251-258. [PMID: 33623644 PMCID: PMC7878003 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v12i4.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Empathy is the capability to represent the mental and emotional states of other subjects. Previous studies have demonstrated a possible correlation between morphine addiction and altered empathy response in morphine-addicted subjects. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of chronic morphine exposure as an animal model of morphine addiction on empathic changes in affective and sensory pain. Methods Adult male Wistar rats (3 months old) were used for the current study. Animals were grouped in cages of two (n = 8 for each group) and one animal was selected as the pain observer group. Pain observer animals received either saline or morphine (10 mg/kg, twice daily for 8 days). At ninth day, formalin [50 µg, 5%, subcutaneous (SC)] was injected into the hindpaw of the cagemate and placed inside the cage. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were recruited to evaluate anxiety; hot plate and tail flick tests were used to assay sensory pain. Conditioned place aversion (CPA) was also measured as indicator of affective pain component. Findings Chronic morphine exposure led to a reduced level of anxiety in EPM and OFT assays. An opioid-induced hyperalgesia was observed in the sensory pain assays, while there was a reduced affective pain in the CPA paradigm in morphine-treated animals. Conclusion It might be plausible that chronic morphine exposure might alter empathy for pain through affective and not sensory pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoomeh Nozari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine AND Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moazamehosadat Razavinasab
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine AND Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rezamohammadi F, Rahmani M, Ghanbari A, Khaleghian A, Miladi-Gorji H. BDNF receptor antagonism during the induction of morphine dependence exacerbates the severity of physical dependence and ameliorates psychological dependence in rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 737:135332. [PMID: 32860885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of systemic administration of the TrkB receptor antagonist (ANA-12) during induction of morphine dependence on the severity of physical and psychological dependence and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) BDNF levels in morphine-dependent and withdrawn rats. Rats became morphine-dependent by increasing daily doses of morphine for 7 days, along with ANA-12 injection. Then, rats were tested for the severity of physical dependence on morphine (spontaneous withdrawal signs), anxiety-like (the elevated plus maze), depressive-like (sucrose preference test) behaviors after spontaneous morphine withdrawal. Also, the CSF BDNF levels were assessed 2 h after the last dose of morphine and day 13 after morphine withdrawal in morphine-dependent and withdrawn rats. We found that the morphine withdrawal signs were significantly higher in morphine dependent rats receiving ANA-12 on days of 5-7 after morphine withdrawal, also ANA-12 exacerbated overall dependence severity. While, the percentage of time spent in the open arms and sucrose preference were higher in morphine-dependent rats receiving ANA-12 than morphine-dependent rats receiving saline. Also, the ANA-12 injection decreased the CSF BDNF levels following morphine dependence, while increased it after morphine withdrawal. We conclude that the ANA-12 exacerbated the severity of physical morphine dependence but attenuated the anxiety/depressive-like behaviors in morphine-dependent and withdrawn rats. Also, ANA-12 injection was able to reverse the changes in the CSF BDNF levels. Therefore, ANA-12 is not more likely to complete treatment for opiate addiction.
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Sheikholeslami MA, Parvardeh S, Ghafghazi S, Moini Zanjani T, Sabetkasaei M. The Attenuating Effect of Curcumin on Morphine Dependence in Rats: The Involvement of Spinal Microglial Cells and Inflammatory Cytokines. Iran J Pharm Res 2020; 18:198-207. [PMID: 32802100 PMCID: PMC7393048 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.111701.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New evidence suggests an important role for spinal glial cells in the development of opioid dependence. Curcumin, a component of the Curcuma Longa, has shown to act as a suppressor of microglial cells. The main goal of this study was to explore the attenuating effects of curcumin on morphine dependence with a focus on spinal microglial cells and inflammatory cytokines. In order to induce morphine dependence in male Wistar rats, morphine was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily for 9 days in an increasing dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. Curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was given from the days 10th to 18th. Naloxone-precipitated abstinence syndrome was used to assess the behavioral symptoms of morphine dependence. Immunofluorescence staining of Iba1 and ELISA test were used to measure spinal microglial activity and inflammatory cytokines levels, respectively. The results showed that curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased jumping, leaning, and diarrhea in morphine-dependent rats. In addition, the spinal concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 was reduced by curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) significantly. Moreover, curcumin showed a potent attenuating effect on the number of Iba1 positive cells in rats which were subjected to morphine dependence. The results of this study demonstrated that curcumin exerts a remarkable reducing effect on morphine dependence in rats. The findings showed that the therapeutic effect of curcumin on morphine dependence is mediated through the suppression of activated microglial cells and reduction of inflammatory cytokines levels in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Moini Zanjani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sabetkasaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fatahi Z, Zeinaddini-Meymand A, Karimi S, Khodagholi F, Haghparast A. Impairment of cost-benefit decision making in morphine-dependent rats is partly mediated via the alteration of BDNF and p-CREB levels in the nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 194:172952. [PMID: 32428531 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to choose goals based on decision usefulness or the time required to reach the goals chosen are important aspects of decision making. There is considerable evidence in the literature indicating the fact that drug abuse affects different aspects of cognition. In the current study, we assessed the effects of morphine dependence and its withdrawal on cost-benefit decision making and furthermore the involvement of BDNF and p-CREB in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain area involved in decision making was measured. Different groups of male Wistar rats were trained in an effort-based and/or delay-based form of cost-benefit T-maze decision-making task. Thereafter, the animals were morphine dependent and the percentage of the high reward preference was evaluated. After behavioral tests, the BDNF level, and p-CREB/CREB ratio were measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that during effort-based but not delay-based decision making, BDNF and p-CREB levels increased. During effort-based decision making in morphine dependent rats, BDNF decreased but there was no significant change in p-CREB. Besides, during delay-based decision making in the morphine dependent group, both BDNF and p-CREB did not show any significant change. These findings revealed that BDNF and p-CREB/CREB ratio in the NAc are essential factors for effort-based but not delay-based decision making. In addition, impairment of effort-based decision making in morphine dependent rats is related to the decrease of BDNF level but not p-CREB/CREB ratio in the NAc. However, delay-based decision making defects in morphine dependent rats did not associate with the change in BDNF and p-CREB levels in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fatahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Zeinaddini-Meymand
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mohammadian J, Miladi-Gorji H. Age- and sex-related changes in the severity of physical and psychological dependence in morphine-dependent rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 187:172793. [PMID: 31639387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gender- and age-dependent effects on the severity of morphine dependence are still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of age and sex on the severity of physical and psychological dependence in morphine-dependent rats. The adult/aged male and female Wistar rats were chronically treated with bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg, at 12 h intervals) of morphine for 14 days. Then, rats were tested for the severity of physical dependence on morphine (spontaneous withdrawal signs), anxiety-like (the elevated plus maze), depressive-like (sucrose preference test) and grooming behaviors after spontaneous morphine withdrawal. We found that the morphine withdrawal signs decreased after 3 and 7 days of withdrawal in female and male rats respectively, while there was no significant difference in overall dependence severity between the two sexes or ages. Also, we found that the withdrawal of morphine led to increased anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive behavior in the D (dependent)/Adult male and female rats. Also, the D/aged female and male rats exhibited a reduction in depressive-like behavior than the D/Adult rats. Moreover, the D/female rats exhibited a decreased obsessive-compulsive behavior in both age groups than male rats. We conclude that age has no effect on the duration of withdrawal from morphine and overall dependence severity. While, the duration of withdrawal from morphine was lower in female than male rats. Our results showed a sex difference on the duration of morphine withdrawal and an age difference in the expression of psychological dependence on morphine. Thus, therapeutic strategies may be different for opiate-dependent individuals in physical and psychological dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mohammadian
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Laboratory of Animal Addiction Models, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan, University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Moon S, Kang S, Shin H, Yayeh T, Sur B, Oh S. Morphine Dependence is Attenuated by Treatment of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Cinnamic Acid in Mice and Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:874-83. [PMID: 30632088 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy cinnamic acid (TMCA) against morphine-induced dependence in mice and rats was investigated. Mice were pretreated with TMCA and then morphine was injected intraperitoneally; whereas rats were treated with TMCA (i.p.) and infused with morphine into the lateral ventricle of brain. Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome and conditioned place preference test were performed. Moreover, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure protein expressions. Number of naloxone-precipitated jumps and conditioned place preference score in mice were attenuated by TMCA. Likewise, TMCA attenuated morphine dependent behavioral patterns such as diarrhea, grooming, penis licking, rearing, teeth chattering, and vocalization in rats. Moreover, the expression levels of pNR1and pERK in the frontal cortex of mice and cultured cortical neurons were diminished by TMCA. In the striatum, pERK expression was attenuated despite unaltered expression of pNR1 and NR1. Interestingly, morphine-induced elevations of FosB/ΔFosB+ cells were suppressed by TMCA (50, 100 mg/kg) in the nucleus accumbens sub-shell region of mice. In conclusion, TMCA could be considered as potential therapeutic agent against morphine-induced dependence.
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Fang M, Li J, Zhu D, Luo C, Li C, Zhu C, Fan M, Yung KKL, Mo Z. Effect of Sinomenine on the Morphine-Dependence and Related Neural Mechanisms in Mice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3587-3596. [PMID: 29116553 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the dopamine receptor rate-limiting enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the glutamate receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B (NR2B), contribute to morphine dependence. Previous studies show that chronic exposure to morphine changes the expression of opioid receptors. In this study, we focus on the effects of sinomenine on morphine-dependent mice and its related neural mechanisms. Conditioned place preference (CPP) mouse model was established using morphine (9 mg/kg, s.c.), and their expression levels of TH and NR2B were observed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, their mu opioid receptor (MOR) and delta opioid receptor (DOR) contents were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that high sinomenine dose (80 mg/kg) effectively attenuated the behavior of CPP mice and reversed increased expression levels of TH and NR2B induced by morphine. Moreover, compared with the morphine group, sinomenine up-regulated the content of MOR to a normal level but did not significantly affect the DOR expression. In summary, these data indicate that sinomenine can inhibit morphine dependence by increasing the expression levels of TH, NR2B, and MOR in the mouse brain; however, DOR may not contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Junkui Li
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Daoqi Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaohua Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglin Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Zhixian Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1063 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Liu Y, Lu GY, Chen WQ, Li YF, Wu N, Li J. Agmatine inhibits chronic morphine exposure-induced impairment of hippocampal neural progenitor proliferation in adult rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:50-56. [PMID: 29031903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that agmatine inhibited opioid dependence, yet the neural mechanism remains unclear. Growing evidence showed that opioids decrease neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal subgranular zone by inhibiting neural progenitor proliferation. However, whether agmatine affects chronic opioid exposure-induced impairment to hippocampal neural progenitor cell proliferation remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of agmatine in hippocampal neural progenitors in morphine dependence rats. We found that chronic administration of morphine for 12 days induced morphine dependence in rats. This treatment not only decreased the proliferation of hippocampal neural progenitors in the granule cell layer, but also decreased the levels of hippocampal cAMP, pCREB and BDNF. However, these alterations can be restored to normal levels by co-treatment of agmatine (10mg/kg, s.c.). In vitro treatment with agmatine (10µM) for two days significantly increased proliferation of the cultured hippocampal neural progenitors. Concurrent treatment of agmatine (10µM) with morphine (10 or 50µM) reversed the supression of morphine-induced neural progenitor proliferation. In conclusion, we found that agmatine abolished chronic morphine-induced decrease in proliferation of hippocampal progenitors in vivo and in vitro, which may be due to the increase in cAMP-CREB-BDNF signaling. The enhancement of agmatine to proliferation of hippocampal progenitors may be one of the important mechanisms involved in the inhibition of morphine dependence by agmatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Guan-Yi Lu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiang Chen
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Jin Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Khanavi M, Maadani S, Farahanikia B, Eftekhari M, Sharifzadeh M. Effect of the methanolic extracts of different parts of Ferula assa-foetida on naloxone-induced withdrawal behavior in morphine-dependent mice. Avicenna J Phytomed 2017; 7:426-435. [PMID: 29062804 PMCID: PMC5641417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferula assa-foetida, a native species in Iran, is used for treatment of several diseases particularly for neurological disorders in Iranian Traditional Medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of methanolic roots, fruits, and aerial parts extracts of Ferula assa-foetida on withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aerial parts, roots, and fruits of the plant were separately extracted with 80% MeOH. For induction of dependence, morphine (50, 50 and 75 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously three times daily (10 am, 1 pm and 4 pm) for three days and a last dose of morphine (50 mg/kg) was administrated on the fourth day. Withdrawal syndrome was induced by injection of naloxone (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) 2 hr after the final dose of morphine. Different doses of the extracts were administered i.p. 60 minutes before naloxone injection and withdrawal sign was recorded 2 minutes after naloxone injection for a period of 60 minutes. RESULTS Pre-treatment of animals with different doses (2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of F. assa-foetida caused a significant decrease in naloxone-induced behavior. Intraperitoneal administration of different doses (10, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg) of methanolic extract of the fruit significantly reduced the naloxone-induced withdrawal behavior (p<0.001). CONCLUSION It might be concluded that the extracts of Ferula assa-foetida affect morphine withdrawal syndrome possibly via interference with the neurotransmitters in nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sajad Maadani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Farahanikia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98 21 6648 2705, Fax: +98 21 6646 1178,
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García-Pérez D, Ferenczi S, Kovács KJ, Laorden ML, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Different contribution of glucocorticoids in the basolateral amygdala to the formation and expression of opiate withdrawal-associated memories. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 74:350-362. [PMID: 27728875 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-withdrawal aversive memories generate a motivational state leading to compulsive drug taking, with plasticity changes in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) being essential in aversive motivational learning. The conditioned-place aversion (CPA) paradigm allows for measuring the negative affective component of drug withdrawal. First, CPA triggers association between negative affective consequences of withdrawal with context (memory consolidation). Afterwards, when the animals are re-exposed to the paired environment, they avoid it due to the association between the context and aversive memories (memory retrieval). We examined the influence of glucocorticoids (GCs) for a morphine-withdrawal CPA paradigm, along with plasticity changes in the BLA, in sham-operated and adrenalectomized (ADX) animals. We demonstrated that sham+morphine animals robustly displayed CPA, whereas ADX-dependent animals lacked the affective-like signs of opiate withdrawal but displayed increased somatic signs of withdrawal. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) actions promote memory consolidation but highly depend on increases in GC levels. Interestingly, we observed that GCs were only increased in sham-dependent rodents during aversive-withdrawal memory consolidation, and that GR expression correlated with phosphorylated cAMP response element binding (pCREB) protein, early growth response 1 (Egr-1) and activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc) mRNA induction in this experimental group. In contrast, ADX-animals displayed reduced (pCREB). GCs are also known to impair memory retrieval. Accordingly, we showed that GCs levels remained at basal levels in all experimental groups following memory retrieval, and consequently GRs no longer acted as transcriptional regulators. Importantly, memory retrieval elicited increased pCREB levels in sham+morphine animals (not in ADX+morphine group), which were directly correlated with enhanced Arc mRNA/protein expression mainly in glutamatergic neurons. In conclusion, context-withdrawal associations are accompanied plasticity changes in the BLA, which are, in part, regulated by GR signaling. Moreover, dysregulation of CREB signaling, in part through Arc expression, may enhance reconsolidation, resulting in the maintenance of excessive aversive states. These findings might have important implications for drug-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Szilamer Ferenczi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina J Kovács
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Luisa Laorden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, Spain
| | - M Victoria Milanés
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, Spain
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García-Pérez D, Ferenczi S, Kovács KJ, Laorden ML, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Glucocorticoid Homeostasis in the Dentate Gyrus Is Essential for Opiate Withdrawal-Associated Memories. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:6523-41. [PMID: 27730515 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug-withdrawal-associated aversive memories might trigger relapse to drug-seeking behavior. However, changes in structural and synaptic plasticity, as well as epigenetic mechanisms, which may be critical for long-term aversive memory, have yet to be elucidated. We used male Wistar rats and performed conditioned-place aversion (CPA) paradigm to uncover the role of glucocorticoids (GCs) on plasticity-related processes that occur within the dentate gyrus (DG) during opiate-withdrawal conditioning (memory formation-consolidation) and after reactivation by re-exposure to the conditioned environment (memory retrieval). Rats subjected to conditioned morphine-withdrawal robustly expressed CPA, while adrenalectomy impaired naloxone-induced CPA. Importantly, while activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) expression was induced in sham- and ADX-dependent animals during the conditioning phase, Arc and early growth response 1 (Egr-1) induction was restricted to sham-dependent rats following memory retrieval. Moreover, we found a correlation between Arc induction and CPA score, and Arc was selectively expressed in the granular zone of the DG in dopaminoceptive, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. We further found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor was regulated in the opposite way during the test phase. Our results also suggest a role for epigenetic regulation on the expression of glucocorticoid receptors and Arc following memory retrieval. Our data provide the first evidence that GC homeostasis is important for the expression of long-term morphine-withdrawal memories. Moreover, our results support the idea that targeting Arc and Egr-1 in the DG may provide important insights into the role of these signaling cascades in withdrawal-context memory re-consolidation. Together, disrupting these processes in the DG might lead to effective treatments in drug addiction thereby rapidly and persistently reducing invasive memories and subsequent drug seeking.
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Peregud DI, Yakovlev AA, Stepanichev MY, Onufriev MV, Panchenko LF, Gulyaeva NV. Expression of BDNF and TrkB Phosphorylation in the Rat Frontal Cortex During Morphine Withdrawal are NO Dependent. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:839-849. [PMID: 26346883 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) mediates pharmacological effects of opiates including dependence and abstinence. Modulation of NO synthesis during the induction phase of morphine dependence affects manifestations of morphine withdrawal syndrome, though little is known about mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Neurotrophic and growth factors are involved in neuronal adaptation during opiate dependence. NO-dependent modulation of morphine dependence may be mediated by changes in expression and activity of neurotrophic and/or growth factors in the brain. Here, we studied the effects of NO synthesis inhibition during the induction phase of morphine dependence on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as well as their receptors in rat brain regions after spontaneous morphine withdrawal in dependent animals. Morphine dependence in rats was induced within 6 days by 12 injections of morphine in increasing doses (10-100 mg/kg), and NO synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg) was given 1 h before each morphine injection. The expression of the BDNF, GDNF, NGF, IGF1, and their receptors in the frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and midbrain was assessed 40 h after morphine withdrawal. L-NAME treatment during morphine intoxication resulted in an aggravation of the spontaneous morphine withdrawal severity. Morphine withdrawal was accompanied by upregulation of BDNF, IGF1, and their receptors TrkB and IGF1R, respectively, on the mRNA level in the frontal cortex, and only BDNF in hippocampus and midbrain. L-NAME administration during morphine intoxication decreased abstinence-induced upregulation of these mRNAs in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and midbrain. L-NAME prevented from abstinence-induced elevation of mature but not pro-form of BDNF polypeptide in the frontal cortex. While morphine abstinence did not affect TrkB protein levels as well as its phosphorylation status, inhibition of NO synthesis decreased levels of phosphorylated TrkB after withdrawal. Thus, NO signaling during induction of dependence may be involved in the mechanisms of BDNF expression and processing at abstinence, thereby affecting signaling through TrkB in the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil I Peregud
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction", of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 119002.,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Alexander A Yakovlev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Mikhail Yu Stepanichev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Mikhail V Onufriev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485
| | - Leonid F Panchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction", of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 119002.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 125315
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerov Str., Moscow, Russia, 117485.
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Xu JY, Bai WF, Tu P, Liu XY, Yu SY, Luo SY. Changes of dopamine content and D2 receptor expression in gastrointestinal tissues of morphine-dependent rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1110-1114. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i7.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanism of action of dopamine in gastrointestinal injury in morphine-dependent rats.
METHODS: A conditioned place preference (CPP) model was established by injecting rats with increasing doses of morphine. The rats were divided into two groups: a model group (M) and a saline group (N). Ten rats in each group were killed to detect the DA contents in the stomach and duodenum with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The other 10 rats were used to test the expression levels of D2 receptor in the gastric cardia, body, pylorus and duodenum by Western blot.
RESULTS: The expression of DA in the stomach and duodenum was significantly lower in the model group than in the control group (18.41 ng/g ± 0.62 ng/g vs 32.01 ng/g ± 0.61 ng/g, 9.01 ng/g ± 2.37 ng/g vs 17.31 ng/g ± 2.58 ng/g, P < 0.01). The expression of D2R in the gastric cardia, gastric body and duodenum was significantly higher in the morphine dependent group than in the control group (0.67 ± 0.05 vs 0.43 ± 0.08, 0.53 ± 0.08 vs 0.33 ± 0.07, 0.61 ± 0.07 vs 0.44 ± 0.05, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: There is an obvious link between the pathological injury in gastrointestinal tissue and the DA system change in morphine-dependent rats.
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Yang HY, Pu XP, Liu Y. Chronic morphine treatment induces over-expression of HSP70 in mice striatum related with abnormal ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 139:53-9. [PMID: 24685564 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that opioid dependence-related neuronal plasticity may rely not only on protein synthesis, but also on protein degradation, mainly mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of morphine on the regulation of protein degradation in the brain and to determine which proteins are involved in the underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were given chronic morphine administration and the state of morphine dependence was confirmed by induction of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping. The level of ubiquitinated proteins in the striatum and spinal cord of morphine-dependent mice was detected by Western blotting. One of the abnormal-ubiquitinated proteins in mice striatum was identified by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and the result was further confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence method. RESULTS We found that the expression of some ubiquitinated proteins was clearly decreased in the striatum of morphine-depnendent mice, but not in the spinal cord. And we identified a ubiquitinated protein (>79 kDa) decreased in the striatum as heat shock cognate 70 protein, one member of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70). Moreover, we confirmed the level of HSP70 protein was significantly increased in mice striatum. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest morphine-induced HSP70 overexpression in the striatum is closely related with its abnormal degradation by UPS and it seems to be an important mechanism associated with morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicial Sciences, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Pu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Province People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
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Campbell LA, Avdoshina V, Rozzi S, Mocchetti I. CCL5 and cytokine expression in the rat brain: differential modulation by chronic morphine and morphine withdrawal. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 34:130-40. [PMID: 23968971 PMCID: PMC3795805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids have been shown to influence the immune system and to promote the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system. However, recent data have shown that activation of opioid receptors increases the expression and release of the neuroprotective chemokine CCL5 from astrocytes in vitro. To further define the interaction between CCL5 and inflammation in response to opioids, we have examined the effect of chronic morphine and morphine withdrawal on the in vivo expression of CCL5 as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Rats undergoing a chronic morphine paradigm (10 mg/kg increasing to 30 mg/kg, twice a day for 5 days) showed a twofold increase of CCL5 protein and mRNA within the cortex and striatum. No changes were observed in the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. Naltrexone blocked the effect of morphine. A chronic morphine paradigm with no escalating doses (10 mg/kg, twice a day) did not alter CCL5 levels compared to saline-treated animals. On the contrary, rats undergoing spontaneous morphine withdrawal exhibited lower levels of CCL5 within the cortex as well as increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Iba-1 positive cells than saline-treated rats. Overall, these data suggest that morphine withdrawal may promote cytokines and other inflammatory responses that have the potential of exacerbating neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057
| | - Valeriya Avdoshina
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057
| | - Summer Rozzi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057
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Karami M, Shamerani MM, Hossini E, Gohari AR, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nosrati A. Antinociceptive activity and effect of methanol extracts of three salvia spp. On withdrawal syndrome in mice. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:457-9. [PMID: 24312878 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are several reports about effects of Salvia spp. on CNS. The present experiment is undertaken to study effect of S. limbata, S. hypoleuca and S. macrosiphon on withdrawal syndrome in mice. METHODS Antinociceptive activities of aerial parts of Salvia spp. is investigated using hot plate method. In addition, the effect of its aerial parts on morphine dependence is investigated in mice. After induction of morphine dependency, different concentrations of plant extract are injected. To assess morphine withdrawal, naloxone (5 mg kg-1, i.p.) are injected into mice on the 5th day. Withdrawal syndrome is assessed by placing each mouse in a glass box 30 cm in height and recording the incidence of escape jumps for 60 minutes. RESULTS A decrease in incidence of escape jumps is observed in morphine dependence mice. S. limbata and S. hypoleuca extracts produced a statistically significant inhibition of pain induced by hot plate latency at (500, 1000 and 1500 mg kg-1) i.p. A significant increase in pain threshold is observed after 30 and 60 minutes (p < 0.001). The activity was comparable to that of morphine (30 mg kg-1, i.p., p > 0.05). The antinociceptive activity increased up to 60 minutes. CONCLUSION S. limbataand S. hypolecuca extracts produced statistically significant inhibition of pain and development of morphine dependence in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karami
- Department of Toxicopharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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