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Passarella D, Ciampi S, Di Liberto V, Zuccarini M, Ronci M, Medoro A, Foderà E, Frinchi M, Mignogna D, Russo C, Porcile C. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 8 at the Crossroad between Cancer and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168921. [PMID: 36012187 PMCID: PMC9408729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density-lipoprotein receptors represent a family of pleiotropic cell surface receptors involved in lipid homeostasis, cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. The family shares common structural features but also has significant differences mainly due to tissue-specific interactors and to peculiar proteolytic processing. Among the receptors in the family, recent studies place low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) at the center of both neurodegenerative and cancer-related pathways. From one side, its overexpression has been highlighted in many types of cancer including breast, gastric, prostate, lung and melanoma; from the other side, LRP8 has a potential role in neurodegeneration as apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and reelin receptor, which are, respectively, the major risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the main driver of neuronal migration, and as a γ-secretase substrate, the main enzyme responsible for amyloid formation in AD. The present review analyzes the contributions of LDL receptors, specifically of LRP8, in both cancer and neurodegeneration, pointing out that depending on various interactions and peculiar processing, the receptor can contribute to both proliferative and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciampi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Emanuele Foderà
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0874404897
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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The discovery and development of transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors: what are the lessons? Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2083-2105. [PMID: 34633220 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human amyloid diseases. Various kinetic stabilizers have been developed to inhibit the dissociation of TTR tetramer and the formation of amyloid fibrils. Most of them are bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans. In this review article, we focus on TTR tetramer stabilizers, genetic therapeutic approaches and fibril remodelers. The binding modes of typical bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans are discussed. Based on knowledge of the binding of thyroxine to TTR tetramer, many stabilizers have been screened to dock into the thyroxine binding sites, leading to TTR tetramer stabilization. Particularly, those stabilizers with unique binding profiles have shown great potential in developing the therapeutic management of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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Liu L, Han C, Jiang M, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang X, Wang P, Zhou F. Rapid and regenerable surface plasmon resonance determinations of biomarker concentration and biomolecular interaction based on tris-nitrilotriacetic acid chips. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1170:338625. [PMID: 34090589 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (tris-NTA) chip has been used for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) kinetic studies involving histidine (His)-tagged proteins. However, its full potential, especially for analyte quantification in complex biological media, has not been realized due to a lack of systematic studies on the factors governing ligand immobilization, surface regeneration, and data analysis. We demonstrate that the tris-NTA chip not only retains His-tagged proteins more strongly than its mono-NTA counterpart, but also orients them more uniformly than protein molecules coupled to carboxymethylated dextran films. We accurately and rapidly quantified immunoglobulin (IgG) molecules in sera by using the initial association phase of their conjugation with His-tagged protein G densely immobilized onto the tris-NTA chip, and established criteria for selecting the optimal time for constructing the calibration curve. The method is highly reproducible (less than 2% RSD) and three orders of magnitude more sensitive than immunoturbidimetry. In addition, we found that the amount of His-protein immobilized is highly dependent on the protein isoelectric point (pI). Reliable kinetic data in a multi-channel SPR instrument can also be rapidly obtained by using a low density of immobilized His-tagged protein. The experimental parameters and procedures outlined in this study help expand the range of SPR applications involving His-tagged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Liu
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Chaowei Han
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- University Hospital, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Qing Kang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China.
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China.
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Bezerra F, Saraiva MJ, Almeida MR. Modulation of the Mechanisms Driving Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:592644. [PMID: 33362465 PMCID: PMC7759661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.592644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are systemic diseases associated with TTR aggregation and extracellular deposition in tissues as amyloid. The most frequent and severe forms of the disease are hereditary and associated with amino acid substitutions in the protein due to single point mutations in the TTR gene (ATTRv amyloidosis). However, the wild type TTR (TTR wt) has an intrinsic amyloidogenic potential that, in particular altered physiologic conditions and aging, leads to TTR aggregation in people over 80 years old being responsible for the non-hereditary ATTRwt amyloidosis. In normal physiologic conditions TTR wt occurs as a tetramer of identical subunits forming a central hydrophobic channel where small molecules can bind as is the case of the natural ligand thyroxine (T4). However, the TTR amyloidogenic variants present decreased stability, and in particular conditions, dissociate into partially misfolded monomers that aggregate and polymerize as amyloid fibrils. Therefore, therapeutic strategies for these amyloidoses may target different steps in the disease process such as decrease of variant TTR (TTRv) in plasma, stabilization of TTR, inhibition of TTR aggregation and polymerization or disruption of the preformed fibrils. While strategies aiming decrease of the mutated TTR involve mainly genetic approaches, either by liver transplant or the more recent technologies using specific oligonucleotides or silencing RNA, the other steps of the amyloidogenic cascade might be impaired by pharmacologic compounds, namely, TTR stabilizers, inhibitors of aggregation and amyloid disruptors. Modulation of different steps involved in the mechanism of ATTR amyloidosis and compounds proposed as pharmacologic agents to treat TTR amyloidosis will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Bezerra
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gomes JR, Lobo A, Nogueira R, Terceiro AF, Costelha S, Lopes IM, Magalhães A, Summavielle T, Saraiva MJ. Neuronal megalin mediates synaptic plasticity-a novel mechanism underlying intellectual disabilities in megalin gene pathologies. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa135. [PMID: 33225275 PMCID: PMC7667529 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Donnai-Barrow syndrome, a genetic disorder associated to LRP2 (low-density lipoprotein receptor 2/megalin) mutations, is characterized by unexplained neurological symptoms and intellectual deficits. Megalin is a multifunctional endocytic clearance cell-surface receptor, mostly described in epithelial cells. This receptor is also expressed in the CNS, mainly in neurons, being involved in neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective mechanisms. Yet, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of megalin in the CNS are poorly understood. Using transthyretin knockout mice, a megalin ligand, we found that transthyretin positively regulates neuronal megalin levels in different CNS areas, particularly in the hippocampus. Transthyretin is even able to rescue megalin downregulation in transthyretin knockout hippocampal neuronal cultures, in a positive feedback mechanism via megalin. Importantly, transthyretin activates a regulated intracellular proteolysis mechanism of neuronal megalin, producing an intracellular domain, which is translocated to the nucleus, unveiling megalin C-terminal as a potential transcription factor, able to regulate gene expression. We unveil that neuronal megalin reduction affects physiological neuronal activity, leading to decreased neurite number, length and branching, and increasing neuronal susceptibility to a toxic insult. Finally, we unravel a new unexpected role of megalin in synaptic plasticity, by promoting the formation and maturation of dendritic spines, and contributing for the establishment of active synapses, both in in vitro and in vivo hippocampal neurons. Moreover, these structural and synaptic roles of megalin impact on learning and memory mechanisms, since megalin heterozygous mice show hippocampal-related memory and learning deficits in several behaviour tests. Altogether, we unveil a complete novel role of megalin in the physiological neuronal activity, mainly in synaptic plasticity with impact in learning and memory. Importantly, we contribute to disclose the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive and intellectual disabilities related to megalin gene pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Gomes
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Lobo
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Nogueira
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F Terceiro
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susete Costelha
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Igor M Lopes
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Saraiva
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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