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Pirone A, Ciregia F, Lazzarini G, Miragliotta V, Ronci M, Zuccarini M, Zallocco L, Beghelli D, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Giusti L. Correction: Proteomic Profiling Reveals Specific Molecular Hallmarks of the Pig Claustrum. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04165-w. [PMID: 38581540 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine, COIIM, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Buccella S, Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Belluardo N, Carluccio M, Rossini M, Condorelli DF, Rathbone MP, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Retraction Note: Modulation of the TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by P1 and P2 purine receptors in MDCK cells. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:711. [PMID: 37773485 PMCID: PMC10754805 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Margherita Rossini
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Michel Piers Rathbone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Pirone A, Ciregia F, Lazzarini G, Miragliotta V, Ronci M, Zuccarini M, Zallocco L, Beghelli D, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Giusti L. Proteomic Profiling Reveals Specific Molecular Hallmarks of the Pig Claustrum. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4336-4358. [PMID: 37095366 PMCID: PMC10293365 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study, employing a comparative proteomic approach, analyzes the protein profile of pig claustrum (CLA), putamen (PU), and insula (IN). Pig brain is an interesting model whose key translational features are its similarities with cortical and subcortical structures of human brain. A greater difference in protein spot expression was observed in CLA vs PU as compared to CLA vs IN. The deregulated proteins identified in CLA resulted to be deeply implicated in neurodegenerative (i.e., sirtuin 2, protein disulfide-isomerase 3, transketolase) and psychiatric (i.e., copine 3 and myelin basic protein) disorders in humans. Metascape analysis of differentially expressed proteins in CLA vs PU comparison suggested activation of the α-synuclein pathway and L1 recycling pathway corroborating the involvement of these anatomical structures in neurodegenerative diseases. The expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and dihydropyrimidinase like 2, which are linked to these pathways, was validated using western blot analysis. Moreover, the protein data set of CLA vs PU comparison was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis to obtain a prediction of most significant canonical pathways, upstream regulators, human diseases, and biological functions. Interestingly, inhibition of presenilin 1 (PSEN1) upstream regulator and activation of endocannabinoid neuronal synapse pathway were observed. In conclusion, this is the first study presenting an extensive proteomic analysis of pig CLA in comparison with adjacent areas, IN and PUT. These results reinforce the common origin of CLA and IN and suggest an interesting involvement of CLA in endocannabinoid circuitry, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine, COIIM, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Zuccarini M, Pruccoli L, Balducci M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031172. [PMID: 36769818 PMCID: PMC9917437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain is homeostatically controlled and contributes to normal neural functions. Inefficiency of control mechanisms in brain aging or pathological conditions leads to ROS overproduction with oxidative neural cell damage and degeneration. Among the compounds showing therapeutic potential against neuro-dysfunctions induced by oxidative stress are the guanine-based purines (GBPs), of which the most characterized are the nucleoside guanosine (GUO) and the nucleobase guanine (GUA), which act differently. Indeed, the administration of GUO to in vitro or in vivo models of acute brain injury (ischemia/hypoxia or trauma) or chronic neurological/neurodegenerative disorders, exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, decreasing the production of reactive radicals and improving mitochondrial function via multiple molecular signals. However, GUO administration to rodents also causes an amnesic effect. In contrast, the metabolite, GUA, could be effective in memory-related disorders by transiently increasing ROS production and stimulating the nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G cascade, which has long been recognized as beneficial for cognitive function. Thus, it is worth pursuing further studies to ascertain the therapeutic role of GUO and GUA and to evaluate the pathological brain conditions in which these compounds could be more usefully used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Martina Balducci
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Garozzo R, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Ciruela F, Di Iorio P, Condorelli DF. Guanine inhibits the growth of human glioma and melanoma cell lines by interacting with GPR23. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970891. [PMID: 36199684 PMCID: PMC9527276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-based purines (GBPs) exert numerous biological effects at the central nervous system through putative membrane receptors, the existence of which is still elusive. To shed light on this question, we screened orphan and poorly characterized G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), selecting those that showed a high purinoreceptor similarity and were expressed in glioma cells, where GBPs exerted a powerful antiproliferative effect. Of the GPRs chosen, only the silencing of GPR23, also known as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 4 receptor, counteracted GBP-induced growth inhibition in U87 cells. Guanine (GUA) was the most potent compound behind the GPR23-mediated effect, acting as the endpoint effector of GBP antiproliferative effects. Accordingly, cells stably expressing GPR23 showed increased sensitivity to GUA. Furthermore, while GPR23 expression was low in a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HGPRT)-mutated melanoma cell line showing poor sensitivity to GBPs, and in HGPRT-silenced glioma cells, GPR23-induced expression in both cell types rescued GUA-mediated cell growth inhibition. Finally, binding experiments using [3H]-GUA and U87 cell membranes revealed the existence of a selective GUA binding (KD = 29.44 ± 4.07 nM; Bmax 1.007 ± 0.035 pmol/mg prot) likely to GPR23. Overall, these data suggest GPR23 involvement in modulating responses to GUA in tumor cell lines, although further research needs to verify whether this receptor mediates other GUA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Patrizia Di Iorio,
| | - Daniele F. Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Gambino G, Giglia G, Gallo D, Scordino M, Giardina C, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Ciruela F, Ferraro G, Mudò G, Sardo P, Di Liberto V. Guanosine modulates K + membrane currents in SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of adenosine receptors. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1133-1145. [PMID: 36048287 PMCID: PMC9560947 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO), widely considered a key signaling mediator, is implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes. While its interaction with neural membranes has been described, GUO still is an orphan neuromodulator. It has been postulated that GUO may eventually interact with potassium channels and adenosine (ADO) receptors (ARs), both particularly important for the control of cellular excitability. Accordingly, here, we investigated the effects of GUO on the bioelectric activity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We first explored the contribution of voltage-dependent K+ channels and, besides this, the role of ARs in the regulation of GUO-dependent cellular electrophysiology. Our data support that GUO is able to specifically modulate K+-dependent outward currents over cell membranes. Importantly, administering ADO along with GUO potentiates its effects. Overall, these results suggested that K+ outward membrane channels may be targeted by GUO with an implication of ADO receptors in SH-SY5Y cells, but also support the hypothesis of a functional interaction of the two ligands. The present research runs through the leitmotif of the deorphanization of GUO, adding insight on the interplay with adenosinergic signaling and suggesting GUO as a powerful modulator of SH-SY5Y excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Gallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriana Scordino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Costanza Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Passarella D, Ciampi S, Di Liberto V, Zuccarini M, Ronci M, Medoro A, Foderà E, Frinchi M, Mignogna D, Russo C, Porcile C. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 8 at the Crossroad between Cancer and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168921. [PMID: 36012187 PMCID: PMC9408729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density-lipoprotein receptors represent a family of pleiotropic cell surface receptors involved in lipid homeostasis, cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. The family shares common structural features but also has significant differences mainly due to tissue-specific interactors and to peculiar proteolytic processing. Among the receptors in the family, recent studies place low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) at the center of both neurodegenerative and cancer-related pathways. From one side, its overexpression has been highlighted in many types of cancer including breast, gastric, prostate, lung and melanoma; from the other side, LRP8 has a potential role in neurodegeneration as apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and reelin receptor, which are, respectively, the major risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the main driver of neuronal migration, and as a γ-secretase substrate, the main enzyme responsible for amyloid formation in AD. The present review analyzes the contributions of LDL receptors, specifically of LRP8, in both cancer and neurodegeneration, pointing out that depending on various interactions and peculiar processing, the receptor can contribute to both proliferative and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciampi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Emanuele Foderà
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0874404897
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Passarella D, Ronci M, Di Liberto V, Zuccarini M, Mudò G, Porcile C, Frinchi M, Di Iorio P, Ulrich H, Russo C. Bidirectional Control between Cholesterol Shuttle and Purine Signal at the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158683. [PMID: 35955821 PMCID: PMC9369131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms controlling the formation of cerebral cholesterol, which is synthesized in situ primarily by astrocytes, where it is loaded onto apolipoproteins and delivered to neurons and oligodendrocytes through interactions with specific lipoprotein receptors. The “cholesterol shuttle” is influenced by numerous proteins or carbohydrates, which mainly modulate the lipoprotein receptor activity, function and signaling. These molecules, provided with enzymatic/proteolytic activity leading to the formation of peptide fragments of different sizes and specific sequences, could be also responsible for machinery malfunctions, which are associated with neurological, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this context, we have pointed out that purines, ancestral molecules acting as signal molecules and neuromodulators at the central nervous system, can influence the homeostatic machinery of the cerebral cholesterol turnover and vice versa. Evidence gathered so far indicates that purine receptors, mainly the subtypes P2Y2, P2X7 and A2A, are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Niemann–Pick C diseases, by controlling the brain cholesterol homeostasis; in addition, alterations in cholesterol turnover can hinder the purine receptor function. Although the precise mechanisms of these interactions are currently poorly understood, the results here collected on cholesterol–purine reciprocal control could hopefully promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-087-440-4897
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9
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Ronci M, Caciagli F, Caruso V, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Purinergic Signaling in Oral Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147790. [PMID: 35887132 PMCID: PMC9318746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the purinergic signal has been extensively investigated in many tissues and related organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and immune systems. Less attention has been paid to the influence of purines in the oral cavity, which is the first part of the digestive apparatus and also acts as the body’s first antimicrobial barrier. In this review, evidence is provided of the presence and possible physiological role of the purinergic system in the different structures forming the oral cavity including teeth, tongue, hard palate, and soft palate with their annexes such as taste buds, salivary glands, and nervous fibers innervating the oral structures. We also report findings on the involvement of the purinergic signal in pathological conditions affecting the oral apparatus such as Sjögren’s syndrome or following irradiation for the treatment of head and neck cancer, and the use of experimental drugs interfering with the purine system to improve bone healing after damage. Further investigations are required to translate the results obtained so far into the clinical setting in order to pave the way for a wider application of purine-based treatments in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
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10
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Di Liberto V, Frinchi M, Caciagli F, Caruso V, Ciccarelli R, Mudò G, Di Iorio P. Adipose Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Next-Generation Anti-Obesity Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031543. [PMID: 35163472 PMCID: PMC8836090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, several compounds have been identified for the treatment of obesity. However, due to the complexity of the disease, many pharmacological interventions have raised concerns about their efficacy and safety. Therefore, it is important to discover new factors involved in the induction/progression of obesity. Adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which are mostly isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue, are the primary cells contributing to the expansion of fat mass. Like other cells, ASCs release nanoparticles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are being actively studied for their potential applications in a variety of diseases. Here, we focused on the importance of the contribution of ASC-derived EVs in the regulation of metabolic processes. In addition, we outlined the advantages/disadvantages of the use of EVs as potential next-generation anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia;
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Stem TeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.D.L.); (M.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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11
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Beggiato S, Ieraci A, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Schwarcz R, Ferraro L. Alterations in rat prefrontal cortex kynurenic acid levels are involved in the enduring cognitive dysfunctions induced by tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during the adolescence. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:996406. [PMID: 36483135 PMCID: PMC9722723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis abuse during adolescence is a risk factor for cognitive impairments in psychiatric disorders later in life. To date, the possible causal relationship between cannabinoids, kynurenic acid (KYNA; i.e., a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan degradation) and cognition has not been investigated in adolescence. Early exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; i.e., the main psychotropic component of cannabis) causes enduring cognitive deficits, which critically involve impaired glutamatergic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In addition, prenatal cannabis exposure results in enduring increases in PFC KYNA levels. Based on these findings, the effects of chronic THC exposure in rats, during another critical period of neurodevelopment particularly sensitive to perturbation by exogenous stimuli, such as adolescence, have been investigated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were chronically treated with vehicle or ascending intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of THC starting on postnatal day (PND) 35 until PND 45. In adulthood (PND 75), cognitive assessment (Y-maze) and extracellular KYNA/glutamate levels were measured in the PFC by in vivo microdialysis, before and after a challenge with KYN (5 mg/kg i.p., the biological precursor of KYNA). By using the selective, brain-penetrable KAT II inhibitor PF-04859989, we then examined whether blockade of KYNA neosynthesis prevents the cognitive impairment. RESULTS Compared to vehicle-treated controls, extracellular basal KYNA levels were higher in the PFC of adult rats chronically exposed to THC in adolescence (p < 0.01). No changes were observed in extracellular glutamate levels. Following a challenge with KYN, extracellular KYNA levels similarly increased in both groups (i.e., vehicle- and THC-treated; p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Chronic adolescent THC exposure negatively affected short-term memory (reduced spontaneous alternation), in adult animals (p < 0.001), while PF-04859989 (30 mg/kg i.p.) restored the cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION We propose that the observed alterations in PFC KYNA signaling might be involved in the cognitive dysfunction induced by the exposure to THC during the adolescence. In the translational realm, these experiments raise the prospect of prevention of KYNA neosynthesis as a possible novel approach to counteract some of the detrimental long-term effects of adolescence cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Theoretical and Applied Science, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Robert Schwarcz
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for the Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA Centre), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Zuccarini M, Lambertucci C, Carluccio M, Giuliani P, Ronci M, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Multipotent Stromal Cells from Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Normal Weight and Obese Subjects: Modulation of Their Adipogenic Differentiation by Adenosine A 1 Receptor Ligands. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123560. [PMID: 34944069 PMCID: PMC8700077 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) activation, stimulating lipogenesis and decreasing insulin resistance, could be useful for metabolic syndrome management in obese subjects. Since full A1R agonists induce harmful side-effects, while partial agonists show a better pharmacological profile, we investigated the influence of two derivatives of the full A1R agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), C1 and C2 behaving as A1R partial agonists in animal models, on the adipogenic differentiation of stromal/stem cells (ASCs) from human subcutaneous adipose tissue, which mainly contribute to increase fat mass in obesity. The ASCs from normal-weight subjects showed increased proliferation and A1R expression but reduced adipogenic differentiation compared to obese individual-derived ASCs. Cell exposure to CCPA, C1, C2 or DPCPX, an A1R antagonist, did not affect ASC proliferation, while mainly C2 and DPCPX significantly decreased adipogenic differentiation of both ASC types, reducing the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the expression of PPARγ and FABP-4, all adipogenic markers, and phosphorylation of Akt in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway, which plays a key-role in adipogenesis. While requiring confirmation in in vivo models, our results suggest that A1R partial agonists or antagonists, by limiting ASC differentiation into adipocytes and, thereby, fat mass expansion, could favor development/worsening of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects without a dietary control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (C.L.); (A.S.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Study and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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13
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. In Search of a Role for Extracellular Purine Enzymes in Bone Function. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050679. [PMID: 33946568 PMCID: PMC8147220 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the major tissues that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life, thus ensuring both organic body growth during development and protection of internal organs as well as repair of trauma during adulthood. Many endogenous substances contribute to bone homeostasis, including purines. Their role has increasingly emerged in recent decades as compounds which, by interacting with specific receptors, can help determine adequate responses of bone cells to physiological or pathological stimuli. Equally, it is recognized that the activity of purines is closely dependent on their interconversion or metabolic degradation ensured by a series of enzymes present at extracellular level as predominantly bound to the cell membrane or, also, as soluble isoforms. While the effects of purines mediated by their receptor interactions have sufficiently, even though not entirely, been characterized in many tissues including bone, those promoted by the extracellular enzymes providing for purine metabolism have not been. In this review, we will try to circumstantiate the presence and the role of these enzymes in bone to define their close relationship with purine activities in maintaining bone homeostasis in normal or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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14
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Caruso V, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Muhammad I, Ronci M. Metabolic Changes Induced by Purinergic Signaling: Role in Food Intake. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655989. [PMID: 33995077 PMCID: PMC8117016 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinergic signalling has a well-established role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, but there is growing evidence of its implication in the control of food intake. In this review, we provide an integrative view of the molecular mechanisms leading to changes in feeding behaviour within hypothalamic neurons following purinergic receptor activation. We also highlight the importance of purinergic signalling in metabolic homeostasis and the possibility of targeting its receptors for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Institute for Research on Pain, ISAL-Foundation, Rimini, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ishaq Muhammad
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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15
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Di Iorio P, Beggiato S, Ronci M, Nedel CB, Tasca CI, Zuccarini M. Unfolding New Roles for Guanine-Based Purines and Their Metabolizing Enzymes in Cancer and Aging Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653549. [PMID: 33935764 PMCID: PMC8085521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Ronci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - C B Nedel
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Gliomas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - C I Tasca
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica-4, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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16
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Beggiato S, Zuccarini M, Cassano T, Borroto-Escuela DO, Di Iorio P, Schwarcz R, Fuxe K, Ferraro L. Adenosine and Kynurenic Acid Interactions: Possible Relevance for Schizophrenia Treatment? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654426. [PMID: 33935767 PMCID: PMC8080066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Robert Schwarcz
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Ishaq M, Tran D, Wu Y, Nowak K, Deans BJ, Xin JTZ, Loh HL, Ng WY, Yee CW, Southam B, Vicenzi S, Randall C, Yang C, Tan E, Pasupuleti M, Grewal AK, Ahmad T, Shastri M, Vicario C, Ronci M, Zuccarini M, Bleasel M, Scowen P, Raffaeli W, D’Andrea G, Chellappan DK, Jacobson G, Bissember AC, Smith JA, Eri R, Canales J, Iglesias M, Guven N, Caruso V. Asperuloside Enhances Taste Perception and Prevents Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:615446. [PMID: 33927690 PMCID: PMC8076851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.615446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants that has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models. In previous studies, three months of asperuloside administration reduced food intake, body weight, and adipose masses in rats consuming a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms by which asperuloside exerts its anti-obesity properties were not clarified. Here, we investigated homeostatic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms regulating food intake in mice consuming HFD. We confirmed the anti-obesity properties of asperuloside and, importantly, we identified some mechanisms that could be responsible for its therapeutic effect. Asperuloside reduced body weight and food intake in mice consuming HFD by 10.5 and 12.8% respectively, with no effect on mice eating a standard chow diet. Fasting glucose and plasma insulin were also significantly reduced. Mechanistically, asperuloside significantly reduced hypothalamic mRNA ghrelin, leptin, and pro-opiomelanocortin in mice consuming HFD. The expression of fat lingual receptors (CD36, FFAR1-4), CB1R and sweet lingual receptors (TAS1R2-3) was increased almost 2-fold by the administration of asperuloside. Our findings suggest that asperuloside might exert its therapeutic effects by altering nutrient-sensing receptors in the oral cavity as well as hypothalamic receptors involved in food intake when mice are exposed to obesogenic diets. This signaling pathway is known to influence the subtle hypothalamic equilibrium between energy homeostasis and reward-induced overeating responses. The present pre-clinical study demonstrated that targeting the gustatory system through asperuloside administration could represent a promising and effective new anti-obesity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Duyen Tran
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Yijia Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Nowak
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bianca J. Deans
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Hui Lin Loh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wen Ying Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Wen Yee
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Southam
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Silvia Vicenzi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Cameron Randall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ee Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Avneet Kaur Grewal
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Madhur Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Carmelo Vicario
- Department of Psychology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Martin Bleasel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Paul Scowen
- Animal Services department/Research Division, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - William Raffaeli
- Institute for Research on Pain, Istituto di Formazione e Ricerca in Scienze Algologiche (ISAL) Foundation, Rimini, Italy
| | - Gianvicenzo D’Andrea
- Institute for Research on Pain, Istituto di Formazione e Ricerca in Scienze Algologiche (ISAL) Foundation, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Glenn Jacobson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Raj Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Juan Canales
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Miguel Iglesias
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Nuri Guven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Institute for Research on Pain, Istituto di Formazione e Ricerca in Scienze Algologiche (ISAL) Foundation, Rimini, Italy
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18
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Massari CM, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Tasca CI. Guanosine Mechanisms of Action: Toward Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653146. [PMID: 33867993 PMCID: PMC8044438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caio M Massari
- Laboratório De Neuroquímica-4, Departamento De Bioquímica, Centro De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Laboratório De Neuroquímica-4, Departamento De Bioquímica, Centro De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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19
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Di Giuseppe F, Carluccio M, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, De Sanctis P, Di Pietro R, Ciccarelli R, Angelucci S. Proteomic Characterization of Two Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes Isolated from Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Secretome by Sequential Centrifugal Ultrafiltration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020146. [PMID: 33546239 PMCID: PMC7913340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from tumor cells are actively investigated, since molecules therein contained and likely transferred to neighboring cells, supplying them with oncogenic information/functions, may represent cancer biomarkers and/or druggable targets. Here, we characterized by a proteomic point of view two EV subtypes isolated by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration technique from culture medium of glioblastoma (GBM)-derived stem-like cells (GSCs) obtained from surgical specimens of human GBM, the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. Electron microscopy and western blot analysis distinguished them into microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (Exos). Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI TOF analysis allowed us to identify, besides a common pool, sets of proteins specific for each EV subtypes with peculiar differences in their molecular/biological functions. Such a diversity was confirmed by identification of some top proteins selected in MVs and Exos. They were mainly chaperone or metabolic enzymes in MVs, whereas, in Exos, molecules are involved in cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration/aggressiveness, and chemotherapy resistance. These proteins, identified by EVs from primary GSCs and not GBM cell lines, could be regarded as new possible prognostic markers/druggable targets of the human tumor, although data need to be confirmed in EVs isolated from a greater GSC number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo De Sanctis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871541482
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20
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Giuliani A, Zuccarini M, Cichelli A, Khan H, Reale M. Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5655. [PMID: 32764471 PMCID: PMC7460375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children's toys, and medical devices. People and animals can be exposed through different routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or iatrogenic exposure), as these compounds can be easily released from plastics to water, food, soil, air, making them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In the last decades, phthalates and their metabolites have proven to be of concern, particularly in products for pregnant women or children. Moreover, many authors reported high concentrations of phthalates in soft drinks, mineral waters, wine, oil, ready-to-eat meals, and other products, as a possible consequence of their accumulation along the food production chain and their accidental release from packaging materials. However, due to their different physical and chemical properties, phthalates do not have the same human and environmental impacts and their association to several human diseases is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of phthalate toxicity, pointing out the health and legal issues related to their occurrence in several types of food and beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giuliani
- "G.d'Annunzio" School of Advanced Studies, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Center on Interactions between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems, National Research Council-Institute for Electromagnetic Detection of The Environment, (ICEMB-CNR-IREA), 80124 Naples, Italy
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21
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Vinciguerra G, Belcaro G, Feragalli B, Cesarone MR, Rotondi V, Ledda A, Zuccarini M, Hosoi M, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Cornelli U. PycnoRacer®, a fitness drink including Pycnogenol®, improves recovery and training in the Cooper test. Panminerva Med 2020; 61:457-463. [PMID: 32043843 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.19.03639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the effects of training (on running distance measured with a Cooper test) in 3 weeks in non-professional athletes using PycnoRacer®, a fitness drink (FD) including Pycnogenol® during the training period. METHODS Pycnogenol® has been used in preclinical conditions and prevention. PycnoRacer® is a liquid combination of Pycnogenol® (15 mg), L-leucine (0.6 g), L-arginine (0.3 g), L-isoleucine (0.3 g), and L-valine (0.3 g). Two comparable groups (one using the FD) were formed: 60 training athletes were requested to drink one bottle 4 times/day, while 65 controls did not use PycnoRacer® or other comparable sports drinks. All subjects had a strong athletic background and advanced knowledge of the procedures of the tests. Two daily training sessions were completed. The sessions consisted in warming up and running a Cooper test. RESULTS 125 subjects completed the three weeks according to plans. There were nine dropouts due to logistical or working problems. Subjects using the FD improved on average by 18.83% (range 12-23%) in their running distance with training. The difference with controls was significant (P<0.05) at 3 weeks (controls improved on average by 8.9%; range 3-17.4%). The difference between the two groups was on average 9.93% (P<0.05). A comparable increase in VO2max was observed in the groups. In the FD group the increase was on average by 10.05 mL/kg/min compared to 4.95 mL/kg/min in controls, with a difference of 5.1 mL/kg/min (P<0.05). A VAS score showed comparable values. Lower values (concerning muscular pain and cramps) were observed in FD subjects (P<0.05) at the end of the 3 weeks of training. The level of plasma free radicals (PFR) values after the last Cooper test was significantly lower at 3 weeks in the FD group (P<0.05). No intolerance problem was observed by subjects using the FD. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the use of PycnoRacer® improved training, running distance, VO2max and PFR decreasing muscular pain and cramps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vinciguerra
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences, and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianni Belcaro
- IRVINE3 Labs, Pescara, Italy - .,International Agency for Pharma Standard Supplements (IAPPS), Pescara, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, and Physiology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Feragalli
- IRVINE3 Labs, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, and Physiology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Cesarone
- IRVINE3 Labs, Pescara, Italy.,International Agency for Pharma Standard Supplements (IAPPS), Pescara, Italy
| | - Valentina Rotondi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences, and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Ledda
- IRVINE3 Labs, Pescara, Italy.,International Agency for Pharma Standard Supplements (IAPPS), Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Morio Hosoi
- IRVINE3 Labs, Pescara, Italy.,International Agency for Pharma Standard Supplements (IAPPS), Pescara, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- IRVINE3 Labs, Pescara, Italy.,International Agency for Pharma Standard Supplements (IAPPS), Pescara, Italy
| | - Marisa Cacchio
- Department of Clinical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, and Physiology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Umberto Cornelli
- IRVINE3 Labs, Pescara, Italy.,International Agency for Pharma Standard Supplements (IAPPS), Pescara, Italy
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22
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Carluccio M, Zuccarini M, Ziberi S, Giuliani P, Morabito C, Mariggiò MA, Lonardo MT, Adinolfi E, Orioli E, Di Iorio P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. Involvement of P2X7 Receptors in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Derived from Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:574-589. [PMID: 30955192 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is involved in bone homeostasis but its role in osteogenesis is controversial. Thus, we investigated the expression of P2X7R and the effects exerted by its modulation in mesenchymal stromal cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (S-ASCs), which have potential therapeutic application in bone regenerative medicine. We found that undifferentiated S-ASCs expressed P2X7R and its functional splice variants P2X7AR and P2X7BR. Cell stimulation by P2X7R agonist BzATP (100 μM) neither modified proliferation nor caused membrane pore opening while increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels and migration. The P2X7R antagonist A438079 reversed these effects. However, 25-100 μM BzATP, administered to S-ASCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation, dose-dependently decreased extracellular matrix mineralization and expression of osteogenic transcription factors Runx2, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. These effects were not coupled to cell proliferation reduction or to cell death increase, but were associated to decrease in P2X7AR and P2X7BR expression. In contrast, expression of P2X7R, especially P2X7BR isoform, significantly increased during the osteogenic process. Noteworthy, the antagonist A438079, administered alone, at first restrained cell differentiation, enhancing it later. Accordingly, A438079 reversed BzATP effects only in the second phase of S-ASCs osteogenic differentiation. Apyrase, a diphosphohydrolase converting ATP/ADP into AMP, showed a similar behavior. Altogether, findings related to A438079 or apyrase effects suggest an earlier and prevailing pro-osteogenic activity by endogenous ATP and a later one by adenosine derived from endogenous ATP metabolism. Conversely, P2X7R pharmacological stimulation by BzATP, mimicking the effects of high ATP levels occurring during tissue injuries, depressed receptor expression/activity impairing MSC osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sihana Ziberi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery end Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery end Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy.
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23
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Carluccio M, Ziberi S, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Caciagli F, Di Iorio P, Ciccarelli R. Adult mesenchymal stem cells: is there a role for purine receptors in their osteogenic differentiation? Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:263-287. [PMID: 32500422 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role played by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in contributing to adult tissue homeostasis and damage repair thanks to their differentiation capabilities has raised a great interest, mainly in bone regenerative medicine. The growth/function of these undifferentiated cells of mesodermal origin, located in specialized structures (niches) of differentiated organs is influenced by substances present in this microenvironment. Among them, ancestral and ubiquitous molecules such as adenine-based purines, i.e., ATP and adenosine, may be included. Notably, extracellular purine concentrations greatly increase during tissue injury; thus, MSCs are exposed to effects mediated by these agents interacting with their own receptors when they act/migrate in vivo or are transplanted into a damaged tissue. Here, we reported that ATP modulates MSC osteogenic differentiation via different P2Y and P2X receptors, but data are often inconclusive/contradictory so that the ATP receptor importance for MSC physiology/differentiation into osteoblasts is yet undetermined. An exception is represented by P2X7 receptors, whose expression was shown at various differentiation stages of bone cells resulting essential for differentiation/survival of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. As well, adenosine, usually derived from extracellular ATP metabolism, can promote osteogenesis, likely via A2B receptors, even though findings from human MSCs should be implemented and confirmed in preclinical models. Therefore, although many data have revealed possible effects caused by extracellular purines in bone healing/remodeling, further studies, hopefully performed in in vivo models, are necessary to identify defined roles for these compounds in favoring/increasing the pro-osteogenic properties of MSCs and thereby their usefulness in bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sihana Ziberi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,StemTeCh Group, Via L. Polacchi, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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24
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Losenkova K, Zuccarini M, Karikoski M, Laurila J, Boison D, Jalkanen S, Yegutkin GG. Compartmentalization of adenosine metabolism in cancer cells and its modulation during acute hypoxia. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241463. [PMID: 32317394 PMCID: PMC10681022 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine mediates diverse anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and vasoactive effects, and has become an important therapeutic target for cancer, which has been translated into clinical trials. This study was designed to comprehensively assess adenosine metabolism in prostate and breast cancer cells. We identified cellular adenosine turnover as a complex cascade, comprising (1) the ectoenzymatic breakdown of ATP via sequential ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1, officially known as ENPP1), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73, also known as NT5E), and adenosine deaminase reactions, and ATP re-synthesis through a counteracting adenylate kinase and members of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK, also known as NME/NM23) family; (2) the uptake of nucleotide-derived adenosine via equilibrative nucleoside transporters; and (3) the intracellular adenosine phosphorylation into ATP by adenosine kinase and other nucleotide kinases. The exposure of cancer cells to 1% O2 for 24 h triggered an ∼2-fold upregulation of CD73, without affecting nucleoside transporters, adenosine kinase activity and cellular ATP content. The ability of adenosine to inhibit the tumor-initiating potential of breast cancer cells via a receptor-independent mechanism was confirmed in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. The existence of redundant pathways controlling extracellular and intracellular adenosine provides a sufficient justification for reexamination of the current concepts of cellular purine homeostasis and signaling in cancer.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marika Karikoski
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Laurila
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Giuliani P, Zuccarini M, Carluccio M, Ziberi S, Di Iorio P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. A New Investigational Perspective for Purines Against Glioblastoma Invasiveness. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:1871-1881. [PMID: 29484991 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180226123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain malignancy. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of stem-like cells (GSCs) inside the tumor with high self-renewal, resistance to chemotherapy and invasiveness/migration potential is associated with poor GBM prognosis. GSC aggressiveness seems to be linked to an important process involved in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis called Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), which is responsible for several biochemical changes and the acquisition of a more mesenchymal phenotype by GSCs, that enhance their migration, invasiveness and resistance to apoptosis. OBJECTIVE Since previous reports demonstrated that purines, interacting with their own receptors, exerted anti-tumor effects in GBM and derived cells, we tried to investigate the ability of these compounds to reduce tumor cell migration/invasion acting on EMT-associated genes/activators and/or signal pathways. METHODS Search in the literature of relevant articles related to the objective. RESULTS Papers examining the activity of purines on EMT signaling pathways/markers in GSCs are still few whereas literature is more abundant as for other kinds of tumors. CONCLUSION Considering the significance of EMT in GBM aggressiveness and the promising involvement of purines in this process, we think that further research in this regard may open the way towards a new therapeutic approach for the control of GBM invasiveness/recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Giuliani
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences. University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences. University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences. University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) Chieti, Italy.,StemTech Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sihana Ziberi
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences. University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) Chieti, Italy.,StemTech Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences. University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences. University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences. University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) Chieti, Italy.,StemTech Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Zuccarini M, Carluccio M, Ziberi S, Giuliani P, Buccella S, Conti C, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Does the purinergic system affect extracellular matrix functions in the central nervous system? J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:1349-1353. [PMID: 30574738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a plethora of proteins and polysaccharides, which aggregate into an organized network connected to the surface of the producing cells. It is structurally and functionally present in all components of tissues and organs and represents the substrate on which cells adhere, migrate, proliferate and differentiate, influencing their survival, shape and function. In response to acute (trauma) or chronic (degenerative) insults, brain ECM modifies its composition and function, actively contributing to "scar forming" gliosis or tissue degeneration/remodelling. Moreover, morphological changes in dendritic spines associated with extracellular matrix remodeling play key roles in rewiring synaptic circuitry pertinent to memory formation. In the present report, we collected the main acquisitions on the functional interplay between ECM alterations and the adenine-/guaninebased purine system with particular regard on how purine compounds and their respective receptors may affect and be affected by changes of the cerebral ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I.Me.T., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I.Me.T., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Ziberi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I.Me.T., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I.Me.T., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I.Me.T., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Conti
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I.Me.T., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - P Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I.Me.T., "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Riva A, Corti A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Vinciguerra G, Feragalli B, Zuccarini M, Eggenhoffner R, Giacomelli L. Interaction study between antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, diabetic therapy and a novel delivery form of quercetin. Minerva Cardioangiol 2018; 67:79-83. [PMID: 30226032 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.18.04795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this pilot non-interference clinical study we evaluated possible interactions between Quercetin Phytosome® (Quercefit™), an innovative delivery form of quercetin, and antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and anti-diabetic therapy in otherwise healthy subjects. METHODS Interaction with antiplatelet therapy was assessed through the bleeding time (BT) test in 30 patients treated with acetylsalicylic acid, ticlopidine or clopidogrel before and after 10 days of supplementation with Quercetin Phytosome®. Interaction with anticoagulants was evaluated by measuring the International Normalized Ratio (INR) in 20 patients using warfarin or dabigatran before and after 20 days of supplementation with Quercetin Phytosome®. Lastly, glycaemia and glycated hemoglobin were measured in 12 diabetic patients treated with metformin and restricted diet before and after 20 days of supplementation with Quercetin Phytosome®. RESULTS After 10 days of supplementation no significant difference was observed in mean BT in patients treated with acetylsalicylic acid, ticlopidine or clopidogrel at standard dosages. Similarly, after 20 days of supplementation, the INR level among patients assuming warfarin or dabigatran was not statistically different from baseline. Lastly, no statistically significant difference in mean levels of glycaemia and glycated hemoglobin was reported before and after 20 days of complementary administration of Quercetin Phytosome® in diabetic patients treated with metformin and restricted diet. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin Phytosome® does not alter the antiplatelet activity of the most common antiplatelet agents, has no impact on the INR values in stable patients treated with warfarin or dabigatran, and does not influence the metabolic control of diabetic patient treated with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianni Belcaro
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria R Cesarone
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Feragalli
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Eggenhoffner
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Giacomelli
- Polistudium SRL, Milan, Italy - .,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Frinchi M, Mudò G, Serio RM, Belluardo N, Buccella S, Carluccio M, Condorelli DF, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Uncovering the Signaling Pathway behind Extracellular Guanine-Induced Activation of NO System: New Perspectives in Memory-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29515443 PMCID: PMC5826394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the guanine-based purines stand out as key player in cell metabolism and in several models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Guanosine (GUO) and guanine (GUA) are extracellular signaling molecules derived from the breakdown of the correspondent nucleotide, GTP, and their intracellular and extracellular levels are regulated by the fine-tuned activity of two major enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and guanine deaminase (GDA). Noteworthy, GUO and GUA, seem to play opposite roles in the modulation of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory. Indeed GUO, despite exerting neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic and neurotrophic effects, causes a decay of cognitive activities, whereas GUA administration in rats results in working memory improvement (prevented by L-NAME pre-treatment). This study was designed to investigate, in a model of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, the signal transduction pathway activated by extracellular GUA. Altogether, our results showed that: (i) in addition to an enhanced phosphorylation of ASK1, p38 and JNK, likely linked to a non-massive and transient ROS production, the PKB/NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG/ERK cascade seems to be the main signaling pathway elicited by extracellular GUA; (ii) the activation of this pathway occurs in a pertussis-toxin sensitive manner, thus suggesting the involvement of a putative G protein coupled receptor; (iii) the GUA-induced NO production, strongly reduced by cell pre-treatment with L-NAME, is negatively modulated by the EPAC-cAMP-CaMKII pathway, which causes the over-expression of GDA that, in turn, reduces the levels of GUA. These molecular mechanisms activated by GUA may be useful to support our previous observation showing that GUA improves learning and memory functions through the stimulation of NO signaling pathway, and underscore the therapeutic potential of oral administration of guanine for treating memory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Ziberi S, Carluccio M, Iorio PD, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. The Role of Wnt Signal in Glioblastoma Development and Progression: A Possible New Pharmacological Target for the Therapy of This Tumor. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020105. [PMID: 29462960 PMCID: PMC5852601 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt is a complex signaling pathway involved in the regulation of crucial biological functions such as development, proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells, mainly stem cells, which are virtually present in all embryonic and adult tissues. Conversely, dysregulation of Wnt signal is implicated in development/progression/invasiveness of different kinds of tumors, wherein a certain number of multipotent cells, namely “cancer stem cells”, are characterized by high self-renewal and aggressiveness. Hence, the pharmacological modulation of Wnt pathway could be of particular interest, especially in tumors for which the current standard therapy results to be unsuccessful. This might be the case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one of the most lethal, aggressive and recurrent brain cancers, probably due to the presence of highly malignant GBM stem cells (GSCs) as well as to a dysregulation of Wnt system. By examining the most recent literature, here we point out several factors in the Wnt pathway that are altered in human GBM and derived GSCs, as well as new molecular strategies or experimental drugs able to modulate/inhibit aberrant Wnt signal. Altogether, these aspects serve to emphasize the existence of alternative pharmacological targets that may be useful to develop novel therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sihana Ziberi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, via L. Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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30
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Buccella S, Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Belluardo N, Carluccio M, Rossini M, Condorelli DF, Rathbone MP, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Modulation of the TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by P1 and P2 purine receptors in MDCK cells. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:429-442. [PMID: 28616713 PMCID: PMC5714834 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during embryogenesis or under pathological conditions such as hypoxia, injury, chronic inflammation, or tissue fibrosis. In renal tubular epithelial cells (MDCK), TGF-β1 induces EMT by reducing or increasing epithelial or mesenchymal marker expression, respectively. In this study, we confirmed that the cAMP analogues, 8-CPT-cAMP or N6-Ph-cAMP, inhibited the TGF-β1-driven overexpression of the mesenchymal markers ZEB-1, Slug, Fibronectin, and α-SMA. Furthermore, we showed that A1, A2A, P2Y1, P2Y11, and P2X7 purine receptor agonists modulated the TGF-β1-induced EMT through the involvement of PKA and/or MAPK/ERK signaling. The stimulation of A2A receptor reduced the overexpression of the EMT-related markers, mainly through the cAMP-dependent PKA pathway, as confirmed by cell pre-treatment with Myr-PKI. Both A1 and P2Y1 receptor stimulation exacerbated the TGF-β1-driven effects, which were reduced by cell pre-treatment with the MAPK inhibitor PD98059, according to the increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation upon receptor activation. The effects induced by P2Y11 receptor activation were oppositely modulated by PKA or MAPK inhibition, in line with the dual nature of the Gs- and Gq-coupled receptor. Differently, P2X7 receptor induced, per se, similar and not additive effects compared to TGF-β1, after prolonged cell exposure to BzATP. These results suggest a putative role of purine receptors as target for anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Margherita Rossini
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Michel Piers Rathbone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Peña-Altamira LE, Polazzi E, Giuliani P, Beraudi A, Massenzio F, Mengoni I, Poli A, Zuccarini M, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P, Virgili M, Monti B, Caciagli F. Release of soluble and vesicular purine nucleoside phosphorylase from rat astrocytes and microglia induced by pro-inflammatory stimulation with extracellular ATP via P2X 7 receptors. Neurochem Int 2017; 115:37-49. [PMID: 29061383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), a crucial enzyme in purine metabolism which converts ribonucleosides into purine bases, has mainly been found inside glial cells. Since we recently demonstrated that PNP is released from rat C6 glioma cells, we then wondered whether this occurs in normal brain cells. Using rat primary cultures of microglia, astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons, we found that in basal condition all these cells constitutively released a metabolically active PNP with Km values very similar to those measured in C6 glioma cells. However, the enzyme expression/release was greater in microglia or astrocytes that in neurons. Moreover, we exposed primary brain cell cultures to pro-inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ATP alone or in combination. LPS alone caused an increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion mainly from microglia and no modification in the PNP release, even from neurons in which it enhanced cell death. In contrast, ATP administered alone to glial cells at high micromolar concentrations significantly stimulated the release of PNP within 1 h, an effect not modified by LPS presence, whereas IL-1β secretion was stimulated by ATP only in cells primed for 2 h with LPS. In both cases ATP effect was mediated by P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), since it was mimicked by cell exposure to Bz-ATP, an agonist of P2X7R, and blocked by cell pre-treatment with the P2X7R antagonist A438079. Interestingly, ATP-induced PNP release from glial cells partly occurred through the secretion of lysosomal vesicles in the extracellular medium. Thus, during inflammatory cerebral events PNP secretion promoted by extracellular ATP accumulation might concur to control extracellular purine signals. Further studies could elucidate whether, in these conditions, a consensual activity of enzymes downstream of PNP in the purine metabolic cascade avoids accumulation of extracellular purine bases that might concur to brain injury by unusual formation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Polazzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alina Beraudi
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mengoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Virgili
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Bio-Technology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Giuliani P, Zuccarini M, Buccella S, Peña-Altamira LE, Polazzi E, Virgili M, Monti B, Poli A, Rathbone MP, Di Iorio P, Ciccarelli R, Caciagli F. Evidence for purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) release from rat C6 glioma cells. J Neurochem 2017; 141:208-221. [PMID: 28251649 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular purine turnover is mainly oriented to preserving the level of triphosphate nucleotides, fundamental molecules in vital cell functions that, when released outside cells, act as receptor signals. Conversely, high levels of purine bases and uric acid are found in the extracellular milieu, even in resting conditions. These compounds could derive from nucleosides/bases that, having escaped to cell reuptake, are metabolized by extracellular enzymes similar to the cytosolic ones. Focusing on purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) that catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of purine (deoxy)-nucleosides/bases, we found that it is constitutively released from cultured rat C6 glioma cells into the medium, and has a molecular weight and enzyme activity similar to the cytosolic enzyme. Cell exposure to 10 μM ATP or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) increased the extracellular amount of all corresponding purines without modifying the levels/activity of released PNP, whereas selective activation of ATP P2Y1 or adenosine A2A metabotropic receptors increased PNP release and purine base formation. The reduction to 1% in oxygen supply (2 h) to cells decreased the levels of released PNP, leading to an increased presence of extracellular nucleosides and to a reduced formation of xanthine and uric acid. Conversely, 2 h cell re-oxygenation enhanced the extracellular amounts of both PNP and purine bases. Thus, hypoxia and re-oxygenation modulated in opposite manner the PNP release/activity and, thereby, the extracellular formation of purine metabolism end-products. In conclusion, extracellular PNP and likely other enzymes deputed to purine base metabolism are released from cells, contributing to the purinergic system homeostasis and exhibiting an important pathophysiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Polazzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Virgili
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michel P Rathbone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University - Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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D'Alimonte I, Mastrangelo F, Giuliani P, Pierdomenico L, Marchisio M, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Quaresima R, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Comparative Analysis Between Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Dental Pulp. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:843-855. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda D'Alimonte
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Unit of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita e Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raimondo Quaresima
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
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Giuliani P, Zuccarini M, Buccella S, Rossini M, D'Alimonte I, Ciccarelli R, Marzo M, Marzo A, Di Iorio P, Caciagli F. Development of a new HPLC method using fluorescence detection without derivatization for determining purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1009-1010:114-21. [PMID: 26720700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity is involved in cell survival and function, since PNP is a key enzyme in the purine metabolic pathway where it catalyzes the phosphorolysis of the nucleosides to the corresponding nucleobases. Its dysfunction has been found in relevant pathological conditions (such as inflammation and cancer), so the detection of PNP activity in plasma could represent an attractive marker for early diagnosis or assessment of disease progression. Thus the aim of this study was to develop a simple, fast and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of PNP activity in plasma. The separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex PFP column using 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol as mobile phases in gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1ml/min and purine compounds were detected using UV absorption and fluorescence. The analysis was fast since the run was achieved within 13min. This method improved the separation of the different purines, allowing the UV-based quantification of the natural PNP substrates (inosine and guanosine) or products (hypoxanthine and guanine) and its subsequent metabolic products (xanthine and uric acid) with a good precision and accuracy. The most interesting innovation is the simultaneous use of a fluorescence detector (excitation/emission wavelength of 260/375nm) that allowed the quantification of guanosine and guanine without derivatization. Compared with UV, the fluorescence detection improved the sensitivity for guanine detection by about 10-fold and abolished almost completely the baseline noise due to the presence of plasma in the enzymatic reaction mixture. Thus, the validated method allowed an excellent evaluation of PNP activity in plasma which could be useful as an indicator of several pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Margherita Rossini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Iolanda D'Alimonte
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Matteo Marzo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Antonio Marzo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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35
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D'Alimonte I, Nargi E, Zuccarini M, Lanuti P, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. Potentiation of temozolomide antitumor effect by purine receptor ligands able to restrain the in vitro growth of human glioblastoma stem cells. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:331-46. [PMID: 25976165 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in humans, comprises a population of stem-like cells (GSCs) that are currently investigated as potential target for GBM therapy. Here, we used GSCs isolated from three different GBM surgical specimens to examine the antitumor activity of purines. Cultured GSCs expressed either metabotropic adenosine P1 and ATP P2Y receptors or ionotropic P2X7 receptors. GSC exposure for 48 h to 10-150 μM ATP, P2R ligand, or to ADPβS or MRS2365, P2Y1R agonists, enhanced cell expansion. This effect was counteracted by the PY1R antagonist MRS2500. In contrast, 48-h treatment with higher doses of ATP or UTP, which binds to P2Y2/4R, or 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (Bz-ATP), P2X7R agonist, decreased GSC proliferation. Such a reduction was due to apoptotic or necrotic cell death but mostly to growth arrest. Accordingly, cell regrowth and secondary neurosphere formation were observed 2 weeks after the end of treatment. Suramin, nonselective P2R antagonist, MRS1220 or AZ11645373, selective A3R or P2X7R antagonists, respectively, counteracted ATP antiproliferative effects. AZ11645373 also abolished the inhibitory effect of Bz-ATP low doses on GSC growth. These findings provide important clues on the anticancer potential of ligands for A3R, P2Y1R, and P2X7R, which are involved in the GSC growth control. Interestingly, ATP and BzATP potentiated the cytotoxicity of temozolomide (TMZ), currently used for GBM therapy, enabling it to cause a greater and long-lasting inhibitory effect on GSC duplication when readded to cells previously treated with purine nucleotides plus TMZ. These are the first findings identifying purine nucleotides as able to enhance TMZ antitumor efficacy and might have an immediate translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda D'Alimonte
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 29, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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36
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Giuliani P, Romano S, Ballerini P, Ciccarelli R, Petragnani N, Cicchitti S, Zuccarini M, Jiang S, Rathbone MP, Caciagli F, Di Iorio P. Protective activity of guanosine in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Panminerva Med 2012; 54:43-51. [PMID: 23241934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a pathological condition characterized by a progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons with the consequent reduction of dopamine content in the substantia nigra. The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is widely used to mimic the neuropathology of PD in both in vivo and in vitro experimental models. We found that, as expected, in dopaminergic human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells the toxin reduced cell viability causing programmed cell death as assessed by an increase in DNA fragmentation. We also examined, in these cells, the activation/inactivation of several pro and anti apoptotic signaling pathways by 6-OHDA including p-38 kinase (p-38), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase B (also known as Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), and Bcl-2 protein. Guanine-based purines, exert neuroprotective effects and we previously reported that guanosine activates cell survival pathways including PI3K/Akt/PKB signaling in different kinds of cells including glia and neuroblastoma cells. In the present study we found that guanosine (300 µM) protected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells when they were exposed to 6-OHDA, promoting their survival. Guanosine reduced the 6-OHDA mediated activation of p-38 and JNK. Moreover the nucleoside potentiated the early increase in the phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic kinase Akt and the increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein induced by 6-OHDA. In summary our results show that guanosine results to be neuroprotective in a recognized in vitro model of PD thus suggesting that it could represent a new potential pharmacological tool to be studied in the therapeutic approach to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giuliani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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