1
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Jacobson KA, Scortichini M, Idris RM, Moschütz S, Keim A, Salmaso VA, Dobelmann C, Oliva PA, Losenkova K, Irjala H, Vaittinen S, Sandholm J, Yegutkin GG, Sträter N, Junker A, Müller CE. Structure activity relationship of 3‐methylcytidine‐5’‐α,β‐methylenediphosphates as CD73 inhibitors. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susanne Moschütz
- Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineUniversity of LeipzigLeipzig
| | - Antje Keim
- Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineUniversity of LeipzigLeipzig
| | | | - Clemens Dobelmann
- European Institute for Molecular ImagingUniversity of MünsterMünster
| | | | | | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryTurku University Hospital and Turku UniversityTurku
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Sträter
- Center for Biotechnology and BiomedicineUniversity of LeipzigLeipzig
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular ImagingUniversity of MünsterMünster
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2
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Losenkova K, Takeda A, Ragauskas S, Cerrada-Gimenez M, Vähätupa M, Kaja S, Paul ML, Schmies CC, Rolshoven G, Müller CE, Sandholm J, Jalkanen S, Kalesnykas G, Yegutkin GG. CD73 controls ocular adenosine levels and protects retina from light-induced phototoxicity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:152. [PMID: 35212809 PMCID: PMC8881442 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ATP and adenosine have emerged as important signaling molecules involved in vascular remodeling, retinal functioning and neurovascular coupling in the mammalian eye. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of purinergic signaling in the eye. Here, we used three-dimensional multiplexed imaging, in situ enzyme histochemistry, flow cytometric analysis, and single cell transcriptomics to characterize the whole pattern of purine metabolism in mouse and human eyes. This study identified ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39), NTPDase2, and ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 as major ocular ecto-nucleotidases, which are selectively expressed in the photoreceptor layer (CD73), optic nerve head, retinal vasculature and microglia (CD39), as well as in neuronal processes and cornea (CD39, NTPDase2). Specifically, microglial cells can create a spatially arranged network in the retinal parenchyma by extending and retracting their branched CD39high/CD73low processes and forming local “purinergic junctions” with CD39low/CD73− neuronal cell bodies and CD39high/CD73− retinal blood vessels. The relevance of the CD73–adenosine pathway was confirmed by flash electroretinography showing that pharmacological inhibition of adenosine production by injection of highly selective CD73 inhibitor PSB-12489 in the vitreous cavity of dark-adapted mouse eyes rendered the animals hypersensitive to prolonged bright light, manifested as decreased a-wave and b-wave amplitudes. The impaired electrical responses of retinal cells in PSB-12489-treated mice were not accompanied by decrease in total thickness of the retina or death of photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells. Our study thus defines ocular adenosine metabolism as a complex and spatially integrated network and further characterizes the critical role of CD73 in maintaining the functional activity of retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Losenkova
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Akira Takeda
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Simon Kaja
- Experimentica Ltd., Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Marius L Paul
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Pharma Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Constanze C Schmies
- Pharma Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Rolshoven
- Pharma Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharma Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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3
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Scortichini M, Idris RM, Moschütz S, Keim A, Salmaso V, Dobelmann C, Oliva P, Losenkova K, Irjala H, Vaittinen S, Sandholm J, Yegutkin GG, Sträter N, Junker A, Müller CE, Jacobson KA. Structure-Activity Relationship of 3-Methylcytidine-5'-α,β-methylenediphosphates as CD73 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2409-2433. [PMID: 35080883 PMCID: PMC8865918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported N4-substituted 3-methylcytidine-5'-α,β-methylenediphosphates as CD73 inhibitors, potentially useful in cancer immunotherapy. We now expand the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidine nucleotides as human CD73 inhibitors. 4-Chloro (MRS4598 16; Ki = 0.673 nM) and 4-iodo (MRS4620 18; Ki = 0.436 nM) substitution of the N4-benzyloxy group decreased Ki by ∼20-fold. Primary alkylamine derivatives coupled through a p-amido group with a varying methylene chain length (24 and 25) were functionalized congeners, for subsequent conjugation to carrier or reporter moieties. X-ray structures of hCD73 with two inhibitors indicated a ribose ring conformational adaptation, and the benzyloxyimino group (E configuration) binds to the same region (between the C-terminal and N-terminal domains) as N4-benzyl groups in adenine inhibitors. Molecular dynamics identified stabilizing interactions and predicted conformational diversity. Thus, by N4-benzyloxy substitution, we have greatly enhanced the inhibitory potency and added functionality enabling molecular probes. Their potential as anticancer drugs was confirmed by blocking CD73 activity in tumor tissues in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scortichini
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Riham Mohammed Idris
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Moschütz
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Keim
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Clemens Dobelmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paola Oliva
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and Turku University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Vaittinen
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and Turku University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Norbert Sträter
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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4
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Spatola BN, Lerner AG, Wong C, Dela Cruz T, Welch M, Fung W, Kovalenko M, Losenkova K, Yegutkin GG, Beers C, Corbin J, Soros VB. Fully human anti-CD39 antibody potently inhibits ATPase activity in cancer cells via uncompetitive allosteric mechanism. MAbs 2021; 12:1838036. [PMID: 33146056 PMCID: PMC7646477 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1838036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular ATP/adenosine axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as an important immune-regulatory pathway. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1), otherwise known as CD39, is highly expressed in the TME, both on infiltrating immune cells and tumor cells across a broad set of cancer indications. CD39 processes pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP to ADP and AMP, which is then processed by Ecto-5ʹ-nucleotidase/CD73 to immunosuppressive adenosine. Directly inhibiting the enzymatic function of CD39 via an antibody has the potential to unleash an immune-mediated anti-tumor response via two mechanisms: 1) increasing the availability of immunostimulatory extracellular ATP released by damaged and/or dying cells, and 2) reducing the generation and accumulation of suppressive adenosine within the TME. Tizona Therapeutics has engineered a novel first-in-class fully human anti-CD39 antibody, TTX-030, that directly inhibits CD39 ATPase enzymatic function with sub-nanomolar potency. Further characterization of the mechanism of inhibition by TTX-030 using CD39+ human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-28 revealed an uncompetitive allosteric mechanism (α < 1). The uncompetitive mechanism of action enables TTX-030 to inhibit CD39 at the elevated ATP concentrations reported in the TME. Maximal inhibition of cellular CD39 ATPase velocity was 85%, which compares favorably to results reported for antibody inhibitors to other enzyme targets. The allosteric mechanism of TTX-030 was confirmed via mapping the epitope to a region of CD39 distant from its active site, which suggests possible models for how potent inhibition is achieved. In summary, TTX-030 is a potent allosteric inhibitor of CD39 ATPase activity that is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Spatola
- Antibody Development, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alana G Lerner
- Immunology, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clifford Wong
- Antibody Development, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Dela Cruz
- Immunology, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Immunology, Trishula Therapeutics, South San Francisco , CA, USA
| | - Megan Welch
- Immunology, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wanchi Fung
- Antibody Development, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Courtney Beers
- Immunology, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Corbin
- Antibody Development, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa B Soros
- Antibody Development, Tizona Therapeutics , South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Schmies CC, Rolshoven G, Idris RM, Losenkova K, Renn C, Schäkel L, Al-Hroub H, Wang Y, Garofano F, Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Zimmermann H, Yegutkin GG, Müller CE. Fluorescent Probes for Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2253-2260. [PMID: 33214837 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of AMP to anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive adenosine. It is expressed on vascular endothelial, epithelial, and also numerous cancer cells where it strongly contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In the present study we designed and synthesized fluorescent-labeled CD73 inhibitors with low nanomolar affinity and high selectivity based on N 6 -benzyl-α,β-methylene-ADP (PSB-12379) as a lead structure. Fluorescein was attached to the benzyl residue via different linkers resulting in PSB-19416 (14b, K i 12.6 nM) and PSB-18332 (14a, K i 2.98 nM) as fluorescent high-affinity probes for CD73. These compounds are anticipated to become useful tools for biological studies, drug screening, and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze C. Schmies
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Rolshoven
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Riham M. Idris
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christian Renn
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Haneen Al-Hroub
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yulu Wang
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Francesca Garofano
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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6
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Losenkova K, Zuccarini M, Karikoski M, Laurila J, Boison D, Jalkanen S, Yegutkin GG. Compartmentalization of adenosine metabolism in cancer cells and its modulation during acute hypoxia. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241463. [PMID: 32317394 PMCID: PMC10681022 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine mediates diverse anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and vasoactive effects, and has become an important therapeutic target for cancer, which has been translated into clinical trials. This study was designed to comprehensively assess adenosine metabolism in prostate and breast cancer cells. We identified cellular adenosine turnover as a complex cascade, comprising (1) the ectoenzymatic breakdown of ATP via sequential ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1, officially known as ENPP1), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73, also known as NT5E), and adenosine deaminase reactions, and ATP re-synthesis through a counteracting adenylate kinase and members of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK, also known as NME/NM23) family; (2) the uptake of nucleotide-derived adenosine via equilibrative nucleoside transporters; and (3) the intracellular adenosine phosphorylation into ATP by adenosine kinase and other nucleotide kinases. The exposure of cancer cells to 1% O2 for 24 h triggered an ∼2-fold upregulation of CD73, without affecting nucleoside transporters, adenosine kinase activity and cellular ATP content. The ability of adenosine to inhibit the tumor-initiating potential of breast cancer cells via a receptor-independent mechanism was confirmed in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. The existence of redundant pathways controlling extracellular and intracellular adenosine provides a sufficient justification for reexamination of the current concepts of cellular purine homeostasis and signaling in cancer.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marika Karikoski
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Laurila
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson and New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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7
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Lerner AG, Kovalenko M, Welch M, Cruz TD, Jones J, Wong C, Spatola B, Eberhardt M, Wong A, Fung W, Lagpacan L, Losenkova K, Yegutkin G, Soros V, Corbin J, Beers C, Moesta AK. Abstract 5012: Targeting CD39 with a first-in-class inhibitory antibody prevents ATP processing and increases T-cell activation. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ATP/Adenosine pathway in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as an important immune-regulatory pathway. The ATPase CD39 is highly expressed in the TME, both on infiltrating immune cells and tumor cells across a broad set of cancer indications. CD39 processes pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP to ADP and AMP, which is then processed by CD73, to immunosuppressive adenosine. Inhibiting the enzymatic function of CD39 has the potential to shift the immunosuppressive milieu of the TME in a 2-pronged fashion: 1) Enhancement of immunostimulatory extracellular ATP released by damaged and/or dying tumor cells and 2) Inhibition of the generation and accumulation of suppressive adenosine within the TME, thereby unleashing an immune-mediated anti-tumor response.
Tizona has generated a novel first-in-class fully human anti-CD39 antibody, TTX-030, that inhibits CD39 ATPase enzymatic function with sub-nanomolar affinity and potency. TTX-030 is specific for CD39 and binds to CD39+ cancer cell lines and primary human leukocytes with high affinity. TTX-030 is capable of inhibiting CD39 at elevated ATP concentrations reported in the TME. Enzymatic inhibition by TTX-030 has demonstrated: preservation of pro-inflammatory extracellular ATP, reduction of adenosine accumulation, and inhibition of phosphate release by a variety of CD39-expressing cells, including tumor cells and immune cells. In vitro functional assays using stimulated PBMCs exposed to exogenous ATP demonstrated increased proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the presence of TTX-030 and increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. Treatment of mice with a mouse-specific CD39 inhibitory antibody in a syngeneic tumor model significantly decreased tumor growth.
In summary, TTX-030 is a selective and potent CD39 enzymatic inhibitor, capable of preventing adenosine-mediated immune suppression and increasing T-cell activation. Inhibition of CD39 with TTX-030 represents a unique therapeutic target aimed at modulating the immunosuppressive TME in cancer.
Citation Format: Alana G. Lerner, Maria Kovalenko, Megan Welch, Tracy dela Cruz, Jeff Jones, Clifford Wong, Bradley Spatola, Meghan Eberhardt, Andrew Wong, Wanchi Fung, Leanna Lagpacan, Karolina Losenkova, Gennady Yegutkin, Vanessa Soros, John Corbin, Courtney Beers, Achim K. Moesta. Targeting CD39 with a first-in-class inhibitory antibody prevents ATP processing and increases T-cell activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5012.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Welch
- 1Tizona Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Jeff Jones
- 1Tizona Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Wong
- 1Tizona Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Wanchi Fung
- 1Tizona Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Gennady Yegutkin
- 2MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - John Corbin
- 1Tizona Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
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8
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Junker A, Renn C, Dobelmann C, Namasivayam V, Jain S, Losenkova K, Irjala H, Duca S, Balasubramanian R, Chakraborty S, Börgel F, Zimmermann H, Yegutkin GG, Müller CE, Jacobson KA. Structure-Activity Relationship of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides as Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3677-3695. [PMID: 30895781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73) converts adenosine 5'-monophosphate to immunosuppressive adenosine, and its inhibition was proposed as a new strategy for cancer treatment. We synthesized 5'- O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] derivatives of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, which represent nucleoside diphosphate analogues, and compared their CD73 inhibitory potencies. In the adenine series, most ribose modifications and 1-deaza and 3-deaza were detrimental, but 7-deaza was tolerated. Uracil substitution with N3-methyl, but not larger groups, or 2-thio, was tolerated. 1,2-Diphosphono-ethyl modifications were not tolerated. N4-(Aryl)alkyloxy-cytosine derivatives, especially with bulky benzyloxy substituents, showed increased potency. Among the most potent inhibitors were the 5'- O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] derivatives of 5-fluorouridine (4l), N4-benzoyl-cytidine (7f), N4-[ O-(4-benzyloxy)]-cytidine (9h), and N4-[ O-(4-naphth-2-ylmethyloxy)]-cytidine (9e) ( Ki values 5-10 nM at human CD73). Selected compounds tested at the two uridine diphosphate-activated P2Y receptor subtypes showed high CD73 selectivity, especially those with large nucleobase substituents. These nucleotide analogues are among the most potent CD73 inhibitors reported and may be considered for development as parenteral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Junker
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States.,PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI) , University of Münster , Waldeyerstr. 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Clemens Dobelmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI) , University of Münster , Waldeyerstr. 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Karolina Losenkova
- Medicity Research Laboratory , University of Turku , 20520 Turku , Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Turku University Hospital and Turku University , 20520 Turku , Finland
| | - Sierra Duca
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Saibal Chakraborty
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Münster , Correnstr. 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience , Goethe-University , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- Medicity Research Laboratory , University of Turku , 20520 Turku , Finland
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I , University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
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