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Abed S, Sholeh M, Khazani Asforooshani M, Shafiei M, Hashemi Shahraki A, Nasr S. Insights into the novel Enterococcus faecalis phage: A comprehensive genome analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301292. [PMID: 38743671 PMCID: PMC11093359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive bacterium, poses a significant clinical challenge owing to its intrinsic resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, warranting urgent exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the viability of phage therapy as an alternative intervention for antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis, with a specific emphasis on the comprehensive genomic analysis of bacteriophage SAM-E.f 12. The investigation involved whole-genome sequencing of SAM-E.f 12 using Illumina technology, resulting in a robust dataset for detailed genomic characterization. Bioinformatics analyses were employed to predict genes and assign functional annotations. The bacteriophage SAM-E.f 12, which belongs to the Siphoviridae family, exhibited substantial potential, with a burst size of 5.7 PFU/infected cells and a latent period of 20 min. Host range determination experiments demonstrated its effectiveness against clinical E. faecalis strains, positioning SAM-E.f 12 as a precise therapeutic agent. Stability assays underscore resilience across diverse environmental conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of SAM-E.f 12 genomic composition, lytic lifecycle parameters, and practical applications, particularly its efficacy in murine wound models. These results emphasize the promising role of phage therapy, specifically its targeted approach against antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis strains. The nuanced insights derived from this research will contribute to the ongoing pursuit of efficacious phage therapies and offer valuable implications for addressing the clinical challenges associated with E. faecalis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morvarid Shafiei
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Hashemi Shahraki
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shaghayegh Nasr
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Yuan H, Liu B, Liu F, Li C, Han L, Huang X, Xue J, Qu W, Xu J, Liu W, Feng F, Wang L. Enhanced Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity of Total Alkaloids from Picrasma Quassioides in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats by a Targeted Drug Delivery System. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2483-2493. [PMID: 37023852 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
New drug delivery systems have rarely been used in the formulation of traditional Chinese medicine, especially those that are crude active Chinese medicinal ingredients. In the present study, hyaluronic acid decorated lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles were used to prepare a targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) for total alkaloid extract from Picrasma quassioides (TAPQ) to improve its targeting property and anti-inflammatory activity. Picrasma quassioides, a common-used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), containing a series of hydrophobic total alkaloids including β-carboline and canthin-6-one alkaloids show great anti-inflammatory activity. However, its high toxicity (IC50= 8.088±0.903 μg/ml), poor water solubility (need to dissolve with 0.8% Tween-80) and poor targeting property severely limits its clinical application. Herein, hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with TAPQ (TAPQ-NPs) were designed to overcome above mentioned deficiencies. TAPQ-NPs have good water solubility, strong anti-inflammatory activity and great joint targeting property. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity assay showed that the efficacy of TAPQ-NPs was significantly higher than TAPQ(P<0.001). Animal experiments showed that the nanoparticles had good joint targeting property and had strong inhibitory activity against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). These results indicate that the application of this novel targeted drug delivery system in the formulation of traditional Chinese medicine is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixuan Yuan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fulei Liu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; The Joint Laboratory of Chinese Pharmaceutical University and Taian City Centrol Hospitol, Taian City Central Hospitol, Taian, 271000, China; Pharmacy Department, Taian City Central Hospitol, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lingfei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxian Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- The Joint Laboratory of Chinese Pharmaceutical University and Taian City Centrol Hospitol, Taian City Central Hospitol, Taian, 271000, China; Taian City institute of Digestive Disease, Taian City Central Hospitol, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Li G, Walker MJ, De Oliveira DMP. Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010024. [PMID: 36677316 PMCID: PMC9866002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria have acquired broad resistance to several major classes of antibiotics, including commonly employed glycopeptides. Exemplified by resistance to vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance is mediated through intrinsic gene mutations, and/or transferrable van resistance gene cassette-carrying mobile genetic elements. Here, this review will discuss the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings, explore vancomycin resistance in the context of van and non-van mediated resistance development and provide insights into alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at treating drug-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus infections.
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Lee H, Kharel S, Loo SCJ. Lipid-Coated Hybrid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bacterial Biofilm Penetration and Antibiofilm Efficacy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35814-35824. [PMID: 36249378 PMCID: PMC9558607 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Up to 80% of all infections are biofilm-mediated and they are often challenging to treat as the underlying bacterial cells can become 100- to 1000-fold more tolerant toward antibiotics. Antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles have gained traction as a potential drug delivery system to treat biofilm infections. In particular, lipid-coated hybrid nanoparticles (LCHNPs) were investigated on their capability to deliver antibiotics into biofilms. In this study, LCHNPs composed of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) lipid shell were developed and loaded with vancomycin (Van). In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the LCHNPs. LCHNPs were successfully fabricated with high vancomycin encapsulation and loading efficiencies, and exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects against planktonic Staphylococcus aureus USA300 when compared against Free-Van and Van-PLGANPs. When used to treat USA300 biofilms, Van-LCHNPs eradicated up to 99.99% of the underlying biofilm cells, an effect which was not observed for Free-Van and Van-PLGANPs. Finally, we showed that by possessing a robust DOTAP shell, LCHNPs were able to penetrate deeply into the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiang
Wee Lee
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Sharad Kharel
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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Shariati A, Chegini Z, Ghaznavi-Rad E, Zare EN, Hosseini SM. PLGA-Based Nanoplatforms in Drug Delivery for Inhibition and Destruction of Microbial Biofilm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:926363. [PMID: 35800390 PMCID: PMC9253276 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.926363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm community of microorganisms has been identified as the dominant mode of microbial growth in nature and a common characteristic of different microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The biofilm structure helps in the protection from environmental threats including host immune system and antimicrobial agents. Thus, the biofilm community has led to a higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in recent years. In this regard, the use of a new class of antibiotics, natural compounds, and anti-biofilm enzymes has been considered for the destruction of the microbial biofilm. However, different drawbacks such as low penetration, high susceptibility to degradation, instability, and poor solubility in aqueous solutions limit the use of anti-biofilm agents (ABAs) in a clinical setting. As such, recent studies have been using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based nanoplatforms (PLGA NPFs) for delivery of ABAs that have reported promising results. These particles, due to proper drug loading and release kinetics, could suppress microbial attachment, colonization, and biofilm formation for a long time. Additionally, PLGA NPFs, because of the high drug-loading efficiencies, hydrophilic surface, negative charge, and electrostatic interaction, lead to effective penetration of antibiotics to the deeper layer of the biofilm, thereby eliminating the microbial biofilm. Thus, PLGA NPFs could be considered as a potential candidate for coating catheters and other medical material surfaces for inhibition and destruction of the microbial biofilm. However, the exact interaction of PLGA NPFs and the microbial biofilm should be evaluated in animal studies. Additionally, a future goal will be to develop PLGA formulations as systems that can be used for the treatment of the MDR microbial biofilm, since the exact interactions of PLGA NPFs and these biofilm structures are not elucidated. In the present review article, we have discussed various aspects of PLGA usage for inhibition and destruction of the microbial biofilm along with different methods and procedures that have been used for improving PLGA NPF efficacy against the microbial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Seyed Mostafa Hosseini,
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Jampilek J, Kralova K. Advances in Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072388. [PMID: 35407720 PMCID: PMC8999898 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections caused by a variety of drug-resistant microorganisms are more common, but there are fewer and fewer approved new antimicrobial chemotherapeutics for systemic administration capable of acting against these resistant infectious pathogens. Formulation innovations of existing drugs are gaining prominence, while the application of nanotechnologies is a useful alternative for improving/increasing the effect of existing antimicrobial drugs. Nanomaterials represent one of the possible strategies to address this unfortunate situation. This review aims to summarize the most current results of nanoformulations of antibiotics and antibacterial active nanomaterials. Nanoformulations of antimicrobial peptides, synergistic combinations of antimicrobial-active agents with nitric oxide donors or combinations of small organic molecules or polymers with metals, metal oxides or metalloids are discussed as well. The mechanisms of actions of selected nanoformulations, including systems with magnetic, photothermal or photodynamic effects, are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Antimicrobial Activity Enhancers: Towards Smart Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030412. [PMID: 35326875 PMCID: PMC8944422 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective treatments against infectious diseases is an extensive and ongoing process due to the rapid adaptation of bacteria to antibiotic-based therapies. However, appropriately designed activity enhancers, including antibiotic delivery systems, can increase the effectiveness of current antibiotics, overcoming antimicrobial resistance and decreasing the chance of contributing to further bacterial resistance. The activity/delivery enhancers improve drug absorption, allow targeted antibiotic delivery, improve their tissue and biofilm penetration and reduce side effects. This review provides insights into various antibiotic activity enhancers, including polymer, lipid, and silver-based systems, designed to reduce the adverse effects of antibiotics and improve formulation stability and efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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