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Lemmerhirt JP, Isaak A, Liu R, Kock M, Daniliuc CG, Jacobson KA, Heitman LH, Junker A. Development of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-Based A 3 Receptor Ligands: Closing the Gaps in the Structure-Affinity Relationships. Molecules 2022; 27:2283. [PMID: 35408685 PMCID: PMC9000336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A3 receptor is a promising target for treating and diagnosing inflammation and cancer. In this paper, a series of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-based nucleosides was synthesized and evaluated for their P1 receptor affinities in radioligand binding studies. The study focused on modifications at 1-, 2-, and 6-positions of the purine ring and variations of the 5'-position at the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane moiety, closing existing gaps in the structure-affinity relationships. The most potent derivative 30 displayed moderate A3AR affinity (Ki of 0.38 μM) and high A3R selectivity. A subset of compounds varied at 5'-position was further evaluated in functional P2Y1R assays, displaying no off-target activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Phillip Lemmerhirt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.P.L.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Andreas Isaak
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.P.L.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (L.H.H.)
| | - Max Kock
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.P.L.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (L.H.H.)
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.P.L.); (A.I.); (M.K.)
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Tosh DK, Salmaso V, Campbell RG, Rao H, Bitant A, Pottie E, Stove CP, Liu N, Gavrilova O, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. A 3 adenosine receptor agonists containing dopamine moieties for enhanced interspecies affinity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113983. [PMID: 34844790 PMCID: PMC8865922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Following our study of 4'-truncated (N)-methanocarba-adenosine derivatives that displayed unusually high mouse (m) A3AR affinity, we incorporated dopamine-related N6 substituents in the full agonist 5'-methylamide series. N6-(2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl) derivative MRS7618 11 displayed Ki (nM) 0.563 at hA3AR (∼20,000-fold selective) and 1.54 at mA3AR. 2-Alkyl ethers maintained A3 affinity, but with less selectivity than 2-alkynes. Parallel functional assays of G protein-dependent and β-arrestin 2 (βarr2)-dependent pathways indicate these are full agonists but not biased. Through use of computational modeling, we hypothesized that phenyl OH/OMe groups interact with polar residues, particularly Gln261, on the mA3AR extracellular loops as the basis for the affinity enhancement. Although the pharmacokinetics indicated facile clearance of parent O-methyl catechol nucleosides 21 and 31, prolonged mA3AR activation in vivo was observed in a hypothermia model, suggested potential formation of active metabolites through demethylation. Selected analogues induced mouse hypothermia following i.p. injection, indicative of peripheral A3AR agonism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ryan G. Campbell
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Harsha Rao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P. Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Corresponding author. Address correspondence to: Dr. Kenneth A. Jacobson, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810 USA; Molecular Recognition Section, Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC, Bethesda, MD, USA. Phone: 301-496-9024. Fax: 301-496-8422. (K.A. Jacobson)
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Jacobson KA, Salmaso V, Suresh RR, Tosh DK. Expanding the repertoire of methanocarba nucleosides from purinergic signaling to diverse targets. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1808-1825. [PMID: 34825182 PMCID: PMC8597424 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside derivatives are well represented as pharmaceuticals due to their druglike physicochemical properties, and some nucleoside drugs are designed to act on receptors. The purinergic signaling pathways for extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides, consisting of adenosine receptors, P2Y/P2X receptors for nucleotides, and enzymes such as adenosine (ribo)kinase, have been extensively studied. A general modification, i.e. a constrained, bicyclic ring system (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, also called methanocarba) substituted in place of a furanose ring, can increase nucleoside/nucleotide potency and/or selectivity at purinergic and antiviral targets and in interactions at diverse and unconventional targets. Compared to other common drug discovery scaffolds containing planar rings, methanocarba nucleosides display greater sp3 character (i.e. more favorable as drug-like molecules) and can manifest as sterically-constrained North (N) or South (S) conformations. Initially weak, off-target interactions of (N)-methanocarba adenosine derivatives were detected as leads that were structurally optimized to enhance activity and selectivity toward target proteins that normally do not recognize nucleosides. By this approach, novel modulators for 5HT2 serotonin and κ-opioid receptors, dopamine (DAT) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were found, and previously undetected antiviral activities were revealed. Thus, through methanocarba nucleoside synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and multi-target pharmacology, a robust purinergic receptor scaffold has been repurposed to satisfy the pharmacophoric requirements of various GPCRs, enzymes and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-0810 USA +301 480 8422 +301 496 9024
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Uncovering the Mechanisms of Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Pain Control: Focus on the A 3 Receptor Subtype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157952. [PMID: 34360719 PMCID: PMC8347395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists of the Gi protein-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) have shown important pain-relieving properties in preclinical settings of several pain models. Active as a monotherapy against chronic pain, A3AR agonists can also be used in combination with classic opioid analgesics. Their safe pharmacological profile, as shown by clinical trials for other pathologies, i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and fatty liver diseases, confers a realistic translational potential, thus encouraging research studies on the molecular mechanisms underpinning their antinociceptive actions. A number of pathways, involving central and peripheral mechanisms, have been proposed. Recent evidence showed that the prototypical A3AR agonist Cl-IB-MECA and the new, highly selective, A3AR agonist MRS5980 inhibit neuronal (N-type) voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents in dorsal root ganglia, a known pain-related mechanism. Other proposed pathways involve reduced cytokine production, immune cell-mediated responses, as well as reduced microglia and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. The aim of this review is to summarize up-to-date information on A3AR in the context of pain, including cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Based on their safety profile shown in clinical trials for other pathologies, A3AR agonists are proposed as novel, promising non-narcotic agents for pain control.
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Matyugina ES, Kochetkov SN, Khandazhinskaya AL. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AZA- AND DEAZA-ANALOGS OF PURINE NUCLEOSIDES. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Federico S, Margiotta E, Moro S, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Spalluto G. Potent and selective A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists bearing aminoesters as heterobifunctional moieties. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:254-262. [PMID: 34046614 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A3 adenosine receptors were found to have a role in different pathological states, such as glaucoma, renal fibrosis, neuropathic pain and cancer. Consequently, it is important to utilize any molecular tool which could help to study these conditions. In the present study we continue our search for potent A3 adenosine receptor ligands which could be successively conjugated to other molecules with the aim of obtaining more potent (e.g. allosteric ligand conjugation) or detectable ligands (e.g. fluorescent molecule or biotin conjugation). Specifically, different aminoester moieties were introduced at the 5 position of the pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine core. The ester functionalization represents the candidate for the subsequent conjugation. All the reported compounds are potent hA3 adenosine receptor antagonists and some of them exhibited high selectivity against the other adenosine receptors. The main structural terms of ligand recognition and selectivity were disclosed by molecular modelling studies. Molecular docking results led to the characterization of an alternative binding mode for antagonists at the orthosteric binding site of the hA3 adenosine receptor, evaluated and assessed by classical molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Enrico Margiotta
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Cagliari Cittadella Universitaria S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700 09042 Monserrato (CA), Cagliari Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova via Marzolo 5 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste Via Licio Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
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Tosh DK, Salmaso V, Rao H, Campbell R, Bitant A, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Direct Comparison of (N)-Methanocarba and Ribose-Containing 2-Arylalkynyladenosine Derivatives as A 3 Receptor Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1935-1941. [PMID: 33062176 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A side-by-side pharmacological comparison of ribose and (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) nucleosides as A3AR agonists indicated that the bicyclic pseudoribose ring constraint provided higher affinity/selectivity at human and mouse A3AR. The mean affinity enhancement for 5 pairs of 5'-methylamides was 11-fold at hA3AR and 42-fold at mA3AR. Novel C2-(5-fluorothien-2-ylethynyl) substitution enhanced affinity in the methanocarba but not ribose series, with highly hA3AR-selective 16 (MRS7334) displaying Ki 280 pM and favorable pharmacokinetics and off-target activity profile. Molecular dynamics comparison of 16 and its corresponding riboside 8 suggested a qualitative entropic advantage of 16 in hA3AR binding. The 5-F substitution tended to increase hA3AR affinity (cf. 5-Cl) for methanocarba but not ribose derivatives. A representative methanocarba agonist 4 was shown to interact potently exclusively with A3AR, among 240 GPCRs and 466 kinases. Thus, despite added synthetic difficulty, the (N)-methanocarba modification has distinct advantages for A3AR agonists, which have translational potential for chronic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Mouse Metabolism Core, and Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Mouse Metabolism Core, and Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Harsha Rao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Mouse Metabolism Core, and Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ryan Campbell
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Mouse Metabolism Core, and Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Mouse Metabolism Core, and Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Mouse Metabolism Core, and Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Tosh DK, Salmaso V, Rao H, Bitant A, Fisher CL, Lieberman DI, Vorbrüggen H, Reitman ML, Gavrilova O, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Truncated (N)-Methanocarba Nucleosides as Partial Agonists at Mouse and Human A 3 Adenosine Receptors: Affinity Enhancement by N6-(2-Phenylethyl) Substitution. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4334-4348. [PMID: 32271569 PMCID: PMC7443318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine-derived N6-substituents, compared to N6-(2-phenylethyl), in truncated (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl) adenosines favored high A3 adenosine receptor (AR) affinity/selectivity, e.g., C2-phenylethynyl analogue 15 (MRS7591, Ki = 10.9/17.8 nM, at human/mouse A3AR). 15 was a partial agonist in vitro (hA3AR, cAMP inhibition, 31% Emax; mA3AR, [35S]GTP-γ-S binding, 16% Emax) and in vivo and also antagonized hA3AR in vitro. Distal H-bonding substitutions of the N6-(2-phenylethyl) moiety particularly enhanced mA3AR affinity by polar interactions with the extracellular loops, predicted using docking and molecular dynamics simulation with newly constructed mA3AR and hA3AR homology models. These hybrid models were based on an inactive antagonist-bound hA1AR structure for the upper part of TM2 and an agonist-bound hA2AAR structure for the remaining TM portions. These species-independent A3AR-selective nucleosides are low efficacy partial agonists and novel, nuanced modulators of the A3AR, a drug target of growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
| | - Courtney L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
| | | | - Helmut Vorbrüggen
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MA, USA 20892
| | | | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA 53226
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Abel B, Tosh DK, Durell SR, Murakami M, Vahedi S, Jacobson KA, Ambudkar SV. Evidence for the Interaction of A 3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists at the Drug-Binding Site(s) of Human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:180-192. [PMID: 31127007 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a multidrug transporter that is expressed on the luminal surface of epithelial cells in the kidney, intestine, bile-canalicular membrane in the liver, blood-brain barrier, and adrenal gland. This transporter uses energy of ATP hydrolysis to efflux from cells a variety of structurally dissimilar hydrophobic and amphipathic compounds, including anticancer drugs. In this regard, understanding the interaction with P-gp of drug entities in development is important and highly recommended in current US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Here we tested the P-gp interaction of some A3 adenosine receptor agonists that are being developed for the treatment of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, chronic pain, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochemical assays of the ATPase activity of P-gp and by photolabeling P-gp with its transport substrate [125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin led to the identification of rigidified (N)-methanocarba nucleosides (i.e., compound 3 as a stimulator and compound 8 as a partial inhibitor of P-gp ATPase activity). Compound 8 significantly inhibited boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-verapamil transport mediated by human P-gp (IC50 2.4 ± 0.6 µM); however, the BODIPY-conjugated derivative of 8 (compound 24) was not transported by P-gp. In silico docking of compounds 3 and 8 was performed using the recently solved atomic structure of paclitaxel (Taxol)-bound human P-gp. Molecular modeling studies revealed that both compounds 3 and 8 bind in the same region of the drug-binding pocket as Taxol. Thus, this study indicates that nucleoside derivatives can exhibit varied modulatory effects on P-gp activity, depending on structural functionalization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Certain A3 adenosine receptor agonists are being developed for the treatment of chronic diseases. The goal of this study was to test the interaction of these agonists with the human multidrug resistance-linked transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). ATPase and photolabeling assays demonstrated that compounds with rigidified (N)-methanocarba nucleosides inhibit the activity of P-gp; however, a fluorescent derivative of one of the compounds was not transported by P-gp. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that the binding site for these compounds overlaps with the site for paclitaxel in the drug-binding pocket. These results suggest that nucleoside derivatives, depending on structural functionalization, can modulate the function of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biebele Abel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (B.A., S.R.D., M.M., S.V., S.V.A.), and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (D.K.T., K.A.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (B.A., S.R.D., M.M., S.V., S.V.A.), and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (D.K.T., K.A.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (B.A., S.R.D., M.M., S.V., S.V.A.), and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (D.K.T., K.A.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (B.A., S.R.D., M.M., S.V., S.V.A.), and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (D.K.T., K.A.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shahrooz Vahedi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (B.A., S.R.D., M.M., S.V., S.V.A.), and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (D.K.T., K.A.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (B.A., S.R.D., M.M., S.V., S.V.A.), and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (D.K.T., K.A.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (B.A., S.R.D., M.M., S.V., S.V.A.), and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (D.K.T., K.A.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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10
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Tosh D, Ciancetta A, Mannes P, Warnick E, Janowsky A, Eshleman AJ, Gizewski E, Brust TF, Bohn LM, Auchampach JA, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Repurposing of a Nucleoside Scaffold from Adenosine Receptor Agonists to Opioid Receptor Antagonists. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12658-12678. [PMID: 30411015 PMCID: PMC6210068 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While screening off-target effects of rigid (N)-methanocarba-adenosine 5'-methylamides as A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists, we discovered μM binding hits at the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and translocator protein (TSPO). In an effort to increase OR and decrease AR affinity by structure activity analysis of this series, antagonist activity at κ-(K)OR appeared in 5'-esters (ethyl 24 and propyl 30), which retained TSPO interaction (μM). 7-Deaza modification of C2-(arylethynyl)-5'-esters but not 4'-truncation enhanced KOR affinity (MRS7299 28 and 29, K i ≈ 40 nM), revealed μ-OR and DOR binding, and reduced AR affinity. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations located a putative KOR binding mode consistent with the observed affinities, placing C7 in a hydrophobic region. 3-Deaza modification permitted TSPO but not OR binding, and 1-deaza was permissive to both; ribose-restored analogues were inactive at both. Thus, we have repurposed a known AR nucleoside scaffold for OR antagonism, with a detailed hypothesis for KOR recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
K. Tosh
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Philip Mannes
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- VA
Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Amy J. Eshleman
- VA
Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3710 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Blvd., Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Tarsis F. Brust
- Departments
of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - Laura M. Bohn
- Departments
of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United
States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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11
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Yu J, Mannes P, Jung YH, Ciancetta A, Bitant A, Lieberman DI, Khaznadar S, Auchampach JA, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Structure activity relationship of 2-arylalkynyl-adenine derivatives as human A 3 adenosine receptor antagonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1920-1932. [PMID: 30568760 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of nucleosides at adenosine receptors (ARs) is supported by multiple X-ray structures, but the structure of an adenine complex is unknown. We examined the selectivity of predicted A1AR and A3AR adenine antagonists that incorporated known agonist affinity-enhancing N 6 and C2 substituents. Adenines with A1AR-favoring N 6-alkyl, cycloalkyl and arylalkyl substitutions combined with an A3AR-favoring 2-((5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethynyl) group were human (h) A3AR-selective, e.g. MRS7497 17 (∼1000-fold over A1AR). In addition, binding selectivity over hA2AAR and hA2BAR and functional A3AR antagonism were demonstrated. 17 was subjected to computational docking and molecular dynamics simulation in a hA3AR homology model to predict interactions. The SAR of nucleoside AR agonists was not recapitulated in adenine AR antagonists, and modeling suggested an alternative, inverted binding mode with the key N2506.55 H-bonding to the adenine N 3 and N 9, instead of N 6 and N 7 as in adenosine agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinha Yu
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Philip Mannes
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Young-Hwan Jung
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- School of Pharmacy , Queen's University Belfast , 96 Lisburn Rd , Belfast , BT9 7BL , UK
| | - Amelia Bitant
- Department of Pharmacology , Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 Watertown Plank Road , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , USA
| | - David I Lieberman
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Sami Khaznadar
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology , Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 Watertown Plank Road , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section , Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, NIH, NIDDK, LBC , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0810 , USA . ; ; Tel: +301 496 9024
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12
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Probing structure-activity relationship in β-arrestin2 recruitment of diversely substituted adenosine derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:103-113. [PMID: 30292756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the adenosine receptor (AR) subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), biased agonism has been described for the human A1AR, A2BAR and A3AR. While diverse A3AR agonists have been evaluated for receptor binding and Gi-mediated cAMP signalling, the β-arrestin2 (βarr2) pathway has been left largely unexplored. We screened nineteen diverse adenosine derivatives for βarr2 recruitment using a stable hA3AR-NanoBit®-βarr2 HEK293T cell line. Their activity profiles were compared with a cAMP accumulation assay in stable hA3AR CHO cells. Structural features linked to βarr2 activation were further investigated by the evaluation of an additional ten A3AR ligands. The A3AR-selective reference agonist 2-Cl-IB-MECA, which is a full agonist in terms of cAMP inhibition, only showed partial agonist behaviour in βarr2 recruitment. Highly A3AR-selective (N)-methanocarba 5'-uronamide adenosine derivatives displayed higher potency in both cAMP signalling and βarr2 recruitment than reference agonists NECA and 2-Cl-IB-MECA. Their A3AR-preferred conformation tolerates C2-position substitutions, for increased βarr2 efficacy, better than the flexible scaffolds of ribose derivatives. The different amino functionalities in the adenosine scaffold of these derivatives each seem to be important for signalling as well. In conclusion, we have provided insights into ligand features that can help to guide the future therapeutic development of biased A3AR ligands with respect to G-protein and βarr2 signalling.
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13
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A binding kinetics study of human adenosine A 3 receptor agonists. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:248-259. [PMID: 29305857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human adenosine A3 (hA3) receptor has been suggested as a viable drug target in inflammatory diseases and in cancer. So far, a number of selective hA3 receptor agonists (e.g. IB-MECA and 2-Cl-IB-MECA) inducing anti-inflammatory or anticancer effects are under clinical investigation. Drug-target binding kinetics is increasingly recognized as another pharmacological parameter, next to affinity, for compound triage in the early phases of drug discovery. However, such a kinetics-driven analysis has not yet been performed for the hA3 receptor. In this study, we first validated a competition association assay for adenosine A3 receptor agonists to determine the target interaction kinetics. Affinities and Kinetic Rate Index (KRI) values of 11 ribofurano and 10 methanocarba nucleosides were determined in radioligand binding assays. Afterwards, 15 analogues were further selected (KRI <0.70 or KRI >1.35) for full kinetics characterization. The structure-kinetics relationships (SKR) were derived and longer residence times were associated with methanocarba and enlarged adenine N6 and C2 substitutions. In addition, from a kon-koff-KD kinetic map we divided the agonists into three subgroups. A residence time "cliff" was observed, which might be relevant to (N)-methanocarba derivatives' rigid C2-arylalkynyl substitutions. Our findings provide substantial evidence that, next to affinity, additional knowledge of binding kinetics is useful for developing and selecting new hA3R agonists in the early phase of the drug discovery process.
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14
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Salvemini D, Jacobson KA. Highly selective A3 adenosine receptor agonists relieve chronic neuropathic pain. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:967. [PMID: 28604241 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1341018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Salvemini
- a Department of Pharmacology and Physiology , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- b Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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15
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Tosh DK, Janowsky A, Eshleman AJ, Warnick E, Gao ZG, Chen Z, Gizewski E, Auchampach JA, Salvemini D, Jacobson KA. Scaffold Repurposing of Nucleosides (Adenosine Receptor Agonists): Enhanced Activity at the Human Dopamine and Norepinephrine Sodium Symporters. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3109-3123. [PMID: 28319392 PMCID: PMC5501184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have repurposed (N)-methanocarba adenosine derivatives (A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists) to enhance radioligand binding allosterically at the human dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and inhibit DA uptake. We extended the structure-activity relationship of this series with small N6-alkyl substitution, 5'-esters, deaza modifications of adenine, and ribose restored in place of methanocarba. C2-(5-Halothien-2-yl)-ethynyl 5'-methyl 9 (MRS7292) and 5'-ethyl 10 (MRS7232) esters enhanced binding at DAT (EC50 ∼ 35 nM) and at the norepinephrine transporter (NET). 9 and 10 were selective for DAT compared to A3AR in the mouse but not in humans. At DAT, the binding of two structurally dissimilar radioligands was enhanced; NET binding of only one radioligand was enhanced; SERT radioligand binding was minimally affected. 10 was more potent than cocaine at inhibiting DA uptake (IC50 = 107 nM). Ribose analogues were weaker in DAT interaction than the corresponding bicyclics. Thus, we enhanced the neurotransmitter transporter activity of rigid nucleosides while reducing A3AR affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science Univ., Portland, Oregon 97239 USA
| | - Amy J. Eshleman
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science Univ., Portland, Oregon 97239 USA
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri USA 63104
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 USA
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri USA 63104
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
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16
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Tosh DK, Ciancetta A, Warnick E, Crane S, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Structure-Based Scaffold Repurposing for G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Transformation of Adenosine Derivatives into 5HT 2B/5HT 2C Serotonin Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:11006-11026. [PMID: 27933810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine derivatives developed to activate adenosine receptors (ARs) revealed micromolar activity at serotonin 5HT2B and 5HT2C receptors (5HTRs). We explored the structure-activity relationship at 5HT2Rs and modeled receptor interactions in order to optimize affinity and simultaneously reduce AR affinity. Depending on N6 substitution, small 5'-alkylamide modification maintained 5HT2BR affinity, which was enhanced upon ribose substitution with rigid bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (North (N)-methanocarba), e.g., N6-dicyclopropylmethyl 4'-CH2OH derivative 14 (Ki 11 nM). 5'-Methylamide 23 was 170-fold selective as antagonist for 5HT2BR vs 5HT2CR. 5'-Methyl 25 and ethyl 26 esters potently antagonized 5HT2Rs with moderate selectivity in comparison to ARs; related 6-N,N-dimethylamino analogue 30 was 5HT2R-selective. 5' position flexibility of substitution was indicated in 5HT2BR docking. Both 5'-ester and 5'-amide derivatives displayed in vivo t1/2 of 3-4 h. Thus, we used G protein-coupled receptor modeling to repurpose nucleoside scaffolds in favor of binding at nonpurine receptors as novel 5HT2R antagonists, with potential for cardioprotection, liver protection, or central nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Eugene Warnick
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Steven Crane
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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17
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Aziz J, Baladi T, Piguel S. Direct Alkynylation of 3H-Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines Using gem-Dibromoalkenes as Alkynes Source. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4122-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Aziz
- Institut
Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR9187-U1196, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Tom Baladi
- Institut
Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, UMR9187-U1196, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Piguel
- Institut
Curie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
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18
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Janowsky A, Tosh DK, Eshleman AJ, Jacobson KA. Rigid Adenine Nucleoside Derivatives as Novel Modulators of the Human Sodium Symporters for Dopamine and Norepinephrine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:24-35. [PMID: 26813929 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-two congeneric rigid adenine nucleoside derivatives containing a North (N)-methanocarba ribose substitution and a 2-arylethynyl group either enhanced (up to 760% of control) or inhibited [(125)I] methyl (1R,2S,3S)-3-(4-iodophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate (RTI-55) binding at the human dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and inhibited DA uptake. Several nucleosides also enhanced [(3)H]mazindol [(±)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dihydro-2H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol] binding to the DAT. The combination of binding enhancement and functional inhibition suggests possible allosteric interaction with the tropanes. The structure-activity relationship of this novel class of DAT ligands was explored: small N(6)-substition (methyl or ethyl) was favored, while the N1 of the adenine ring was essential. Effective terminal aryl groups include thien-2-yl (compounds 9 and 16), with EC50 values of 35.1 and 9.1 nM, respectively, in [(125)I]RTI-55 binding enhancement, and 3,4-difluorophenyl as in the most potent DA uptake inhibitor (compound 6) with an IC50 value of 92 nM (3-fold more potent than cocaine), but not nitrogen heterocycles. Several compounds inhibited or enhanced binding at the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and serotonin transporter (SERT) and inhibited function in the micromolar range; truncation at the 4'-position in compound 23 allowed for weak inhibition of the SERT. We have not yet eliminated adenosine receptor affinity from this class of DAT modulators, but we identified modifications that remove DAT inhibition as an off-target effect of potent adenosine receptor agonists. Thus, we have identified a new class of allosteric DAT ligands, rigidified adenosine derivatives, and explored their initial structural requirements. They display a very atypical pharmacological profile, i.e., either enhancement by increasing affinity or inhibition of radioligand binding at the DAT, and in some cases the NET and SERT, and inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Janowsky
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (A.J., A.J.E.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.K.T., K.A.J.)
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (A.J., A.J.E.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.K.T., K.A.J.)
| | - Amy J Eshleman
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (A.J., A.J.E.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.K.T., K.A.J.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service (R&D-22), and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (A.J., A.J.E.); and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.K.T., K.A.J.)
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19
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Fang ZZ, Tosh DK, Tanaka N, Wang H, Krausz KW, O'Connor R, Jacobson KA, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolic mapping of A3 adenosine receptor agonist MRS5980. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26212548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1S,2R,3S,4R,5S)-4-(2-((5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethynyl)-6-(methylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl)-2,3-dihydroxy-N-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxamide (MRS5980) is an A3AR selective agonist containing multiple receptor affinity- and selectivity-enhancing modifications and a therapeutic candidate drug for many inflammatory diseases. Metabolism-related poor pharmacokinetic behavior and toxicities are a major reason for drug R&D failure. Metabolomics with UPLC-MS was employed to profile the metabolism of MRS5980 and MRS5980-induced disruption of endogenous compounds. Recombinant drug-metabolizing enzymes screening experiment were used to determine the enzymes involved in MRS5980 metabolism. Analysis of lipid metabolism-related genes was performed to investigate the reason for MRS5980-induced lipid metabolic disorders. Unsupervised principal components analysis separated the control and MRS5980 treatment groups in feces, urine, and liver samples, but not in bile and serum. The major ions mainly contributing to the separation of feces and urine were oxidized MRS5980, glutathione (GSH) conjugates and cysteine conjugate (degradation product of the GSH conjugates) of MRS5980. The major ions contributing to the group separation of liver samples were phosphatidylcholines. In vitro incubation experiments showed the involvement of CYP3A enzymes in the oxidative metabolism of MRS5980 and direct GSH reactivity of MRS5980. The electrophilic attack by MRS5980 is a minor pathway and did not alter GSH levels in liver or liver histology, and thus may be of minor clinical consequence. Gene expression analysis further showed decreased expression of PC biosynthetic genes choline kinase a and b, which further accelerated conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholines through increasing the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3. These data will be useful to guide rational design of drugs targeting A3AR, considering efficacy, metabolic elimination, and electrophilic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haina Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert O'Connor
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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