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Sánchez-Hernández R, Benítez-Angeles M, Hernández-Vega AM, Rosenbaum T. Recent advances on the structure and the function relationships of the TRPV4 ion channel. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2313323. [PMID: 38354101 PMCID: PMC10868539 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2313323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the superfamily of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels are physiologically important molecules that have been studied for many years and are still being intensively researched. Among the vanilloid TRP subfamily, the TRPV4 ion channel is an interesting protein due to its involvement in several essential physiological processes and in the development of various diseases. As in other proteins, changes in its function that lead to the development of pathological states, have been closely associated with modification of its regulation by different molecules, but also by the appearance of mutations which affect the structure and gating of the channel. In the last few years, some structures for the TRPV4 channel have been solved. Due to the importance of this protein in physiology, here we discuss the recent progress in determining the structure of the TRPV4 channel, which has been achieved in three species of animals (Xenopus tropicalis, Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens), highlighting conserved features as well as key differences among them and emphasizing the binding sites for some ligands that play crucial roles in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Benítez-Angeles
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ana M. Hernández-Vega
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
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Amoakon JP, Mylavarapu G, Amin RS, Naren AP. Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunctions in Cystic Fibrosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38501963 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it was discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells. Despite the great strides that have been made in understanding the role of CFTR in the airway epithelium, the role of CFTR in the endothelium remains unclear. Considering that the airway epithelium and endothelium work in tandem to allow gas exchange, it becomes very crucial to understand how a defective CFTR protein can impact the pulmonary vasculature and overall lung function. Fortunately, more recent research has been dedicated to elucidating the role of CFTR in the endothelium. As a result, several vascular dysfunctions associated with CF disease have come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on pulmonary vascular dysfunctions in CF and discuss applicable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Amoakon
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Goutham Mylavarapu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Raouf S Amin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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3
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Cai X, Yang S, Sun S, Zhou S, Lv W, Du N, Li Y, Ma C, Ren K, Liu M, Tang B, Wang A, Chen X, Li P, Lv K, Zheng Z. Exploration and structure-activity relationship research of benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potent TRPV4 inhibitors for treating acute lung injury. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107396. [PMID: 38705108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
RN-9893, a TRPV4 antagonist identified by Renovis Inc., showcased notable inhibition of TRPV4 channels. This research involved synthesizing and evaluating three series of RN-9893 analogues for their TRPV4 inhibitory efficacy. Notably, compounds 1b and 1f displayed a 2.9 to 4.5-fold increase in inhibitory potency against TRPV4 (IC50 = 0.71 ± 0.21 μM and 0.46 ± 0.08 μM, respectively) in vitro, in comparison to RN-9893 (IC50 = 2.07 ± 0.90 μM). Both compounds also significantly outperformed RN-9893 in TRPV4 current inhibition rates (87.6 % and 83.2 % at 10 μM, against RN-9893's 49.4 %). For the first time, these RN-9893 analogues were profiled in an in vivo mouse model, where intraperitoneal injections of 1b or 1f at 10 mg/kg notably mitigated symptoms of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These outcomes indicate that compounds 1b and 1f are promising candidates for acute lung injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yuehao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xu Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institution, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shangze Yang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shiyang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institution, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Weizhen Lv
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Na Du
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- MindRank AI Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Kexin Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bowen Tang
- MindRank AI Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Apeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Pengyun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institution, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Kai Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhibing Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institution, Beijing 100850, China
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4
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Fan J, Guo C, Liao D, Ke H, Lei J, Xie W, Tang Y, Tominaga M, Huang Z, Lei X. Structural Pharmacology of TRPV4 Antagonists. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401583. [PMID: 38659239 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The nonselective calcium-permeable Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member4 (TRPV4) channel regulates various physiological activities. Dysfunction of TRPV4 is linked to many severe diseases, including edema, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, lung diseases, and inherited neurodegeneration. Emerging TRPV4 antagonists show potential clinical benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms of TRPV4 antagonism remain poorly understood. Here, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human TRPV4 are presented in-complex with two potent antagonists, revealing the detailed binding pockets and regulatory mechanisms of TRPV4 gating. Both antagonists bind to the voltage-sensing-like domain (VSLD) and stabilize the channel in closed states. These two antagonists induce TRPV4 to undergo an apparent fourfold to twofold symmetry transition. Moreover, it is demonstrated that one of the antagonists binds to the VSLD extended pocket, which differs from the canonical VSLD pocket. Complemented with functional and molecular dynamics simulation results, this study provides crucial mechanistic insights into TRPV4 regulation by small-molecule antagonists, which may facilitate future drug discovery targeting TRPV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Daohong Liao
- Iongen Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 211151, China
| | - Han Ke
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Wenjun Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuliang Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Nagoya Advanced Research and Developmet Center, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Fialho MFP, Brum ES, Becker G, Oliveira SM. TRPV4 Activation and its Intracellular Modulation Mediated by Kinin Receptors Contribute to Painful Symptoms Induced by Anastrozole. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1627-1642. [PMID: 37740866 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, induces painful musculoskeletal symptoms, which affect patients' quality of life and lead to therapy discontinuation. Efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms involved in these painful symptoms to manage them better. In this context, we explored the role of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a potential transducer of several nociceptive mechanisms, in anastrozole-induced musculoskeletal pain in mice. Besides, we evaluated the possible sensibilization of TRPV4 by signalling pathways downstream, PLC, PKC and PKCε from kinin B2 (B2R) and B1 (B1R) receptors activation in anastrozole-induced pain. Anastrozole caused mechanical allodynia and muscle strength loss in mice. HC067047, TRPV4 antagonist, reduced the anastrozole-induced mechanical allodynia and muscle strength loss. In animals previously treated with anastrozole, the local administration of sub-nociceptive doses of the TRPV4 (4α-PDD or hypotonic solution), B2R (Bradykinin) or B1R (DABk) agonists enhanced the anastrozole-induced pain behaviours. The sensitizing effects induced by local injection of the TRPV4, B2R and B1R agonists in animals previously treated with anastrozole were reduced by pre-treatment with TRPV4 antagonist. Furthermore, inhibition of PLC, PKC or PKCε attenuated the mechanical allodynia and muscle strength loss induced by TRPV4, B2R and B1R agonists. The generation of painful conditions caused by anastrozole depends on direct TRPV4 activation or indirect, e.g., PLC, PKC and PKCε pathways downstream from B2R and B1R activation. Thus, the TRPV4 channels act as sensors of extracellular and intracellular changes, making them potential therapeutic targets for alleviating pain related to aromatase inhibitors use, such as anastrozole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Pessano Fialho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelyne Silva Brum
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Becker
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Cao R, Tian H, Tian Y, Fu X. A Hierarchical Mechanotransduction System: From Macro to Micro. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302327. [PMID: 38145330 PMCID: PMC10953595 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a strictly regulated process whereby mechanical stimuli, including mechanical forces and properties, are sensed and translated into biochemical signals. Increasing data demonstrate that mechanotransduction is crucial for regulating macroscopic and microscopic dynamics and functionalities. However, the actions and mechanisms of mechanotransduction across multiple hierarchies, from molecules, subcellular structures, cells, tissues/organs, to the whole-body level, have not been yet comprehensively documented. Herein, the biological roles and operational mechanisms of mechanotransduction from macro to micro are revisited, with a focus on the orchestrations across diverse hierarchies. The implications, applications, and challenges of mechanotransduction in human diseases are also summarized and discussed. Together, this knowledge from a hierarchical perspective has the potential to refresh insights into mechanotransduction regulation and disease pathogenesis and therapy, and ultimately revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
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7
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Endesh N, Chuntharpursat‐Bon E, Revill C, Yuldasheva NY, Futers TS, Parsonage G, Humphreys N, Adamson A, Morley LC, Cubbon RM, Prasad KR, Foster R, Lichtenstein L, Beech DJ. Independent endothelial functions of PIEZO1 and TRPV4 in hepatic portal vein and predominance of PIEZO1 in mechanical and osmotic stress. Liver Int 2023; 43:2026-2038. [PMID: 37349903 PMCID: PMC10946873 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS PIEZO1 and TRPV4 are mechanically and osmotically regulated calcium-permeable channels. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance and relationship of these channels in the contractile tone of the hepatic portal vein, which experiences mechanical and osmotic variations as it delivers blood to the liver from the intestines, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen. METHODS Wall tension was measured in freshly dissected portal veins from adult male mice, which were genetically unmodified or modified for either a non-disruptive tag in native PIEZO1 or endothelial-specific PIEZO1 deletion. Pharmacological agents were used to activate or inhibit PIEZO1, TRPV4 and associated pathways, including Yoda1 and Yoda2 for PIEZO1 and GSK1016790A for TRPV4 agonism, respectively. RESULTS PIEZO1 activation leads to nitric oxide synthase- and endothelium-dependent relaxation of the portal vein. TRPV4 activation causes contraction, which is also endothelium-dependent but independent of nitric oxide synthase. The TRPV4-mediated contraction is suppressed by inhibitors of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenases and mimicked by prostaglandin E2 , suggesting mediation by arachidonic acid metabolism. TRPV4 antagonism inhibits the effect of agonising TRPV4 but not PIEZO1. Increased wall stretch and hypo-osmolality inhibit TRPV4 responses while lacking effects on or amplifying PIEZO1 responses. CONCLUSIONS The portal vein contains independently functioning PIEZO1 channels and TRPV4 channels in the endothelium, the pharmacological activation of which leads to opposing effects of vessel relaxation (PIEZO1) and contraction (TRPV4). In mechanical and osmotic strain, the PIEZO1 mechanism dominates. Modulators of these channels could present important new opportunities for manipulating liver perfusion and regeneration in disease and surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | | | - K. Raj Prasad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant SurgerySt James's University HospitalLeedsUK
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Kumar M, Zaman MK, Das S, Goyary D, Pathak MP, Chattopadhyay P. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV4) channel inhibition: A novel promising approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114861. [PMID: 37178575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) can provide a promising potential therapeutic target in the development of novel medicines for lung disorders. TRPV4 expresses in lung tissue and plays an important role in the maintenance of respiratory homeostatic function. TRPV4 is upregulated in life-threatening respiratory diseases like pulmonary hypertension, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. TRPV4 is linked to several proteins that have physiological functions and are sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli, such as mechanical stimulation, changes in temperature, and hypotonicity, and responds to a variety of proteins and lipid mediators, including anandamide (AA), the arachidonic acid metabolite, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET), a plant dimeric diterpenoid called bisandrographolide A (BAA), and the phorbol ester 4-alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD). This study focused on relevant research evidence of TRPV4 in lung disorders and its agonist and antagonist effects. TRPV4 can be a possible target of discovered molecules that exerts high therapeutic potential in the treatment of respiratory diseases by inhibiting TRPV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Md Kamaruz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Sanghita Das
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India; Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemical Division, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India.
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India.
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10
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Ai C, Wang Z, Li P, Wang M, Zhang W, Song H, Cai X, Lv K, Chen X, Zheng Z. Discovery and pharmacological characterization of a novel benzimidazole TRPV4 antagonist with cyanocyclobutyl moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115137. [PMID: 36696767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
GSK-Bz, a TPRV4 antagonist discovered by GSK, displayed potent in vitro TRPV4 inhibition activity, and demonstrated ability to inhibit TRPV4-mediated pulmonary edema in an in vivo rat model. In this study, a series of GSK-Bz derivatives were designed and synthesized based on our previous findings. Compound 2b with cyanocyclobutyl moiety (IC50 = 22.65 nM) was found to be 5.3-fold more potent than GSK-Bz (IC50 = 121.6 nM) in the calcium imaging experiment. Patch-clamp experiments confirmed that compound 2b (IR = 77.1%) also gave significantly improved potency on TRPV4 currents measured at -60 mV. Furthermore, 2b effectively suppressed the permeability response to LPS in HUVEC with negligible cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μM). The in vivo protective effects of compounds 2b on acute lung injury were finally assessed in an LPS-induced ALI mice model. Notably, 2b gave better results than HC-067047 against all of the tested indexes (lung W/D ratios, the concentrations of BALF protein and pathological scores), indicating that 2b is a novel and highly potent TRPV4 antagonist which is worth for further development. Currently, evaluation for the drug-like properties of 2b is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyi Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Zhibing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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11
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Luo D, Liu L, Zhang HM, Zhou YD, Zhou MF, Li JX, Yu ZM, Chen R, Liang FX. Relationship between acupuncture and transient receptor potential vanilloid: Current and future directions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:817738. [PMID: 36407763 PMCID: PMC9668865 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.817738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a common complementary and alternative therapy around the world, but its mechanism remains still unclear. In the past decade, some studies indicated that transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels play a great role in the response of acupuncture stimulation. In this article, we discussed the relationship between acupuncture and TRPV channels. Different from inhibitors and agonists, the regulation of acupuncture on TRPV channels is multi-targeted and biphasic control. Acupuncture stimulation shows significant modulation on TRPV1 and TRPV4 at the autonomic nervous system (ANS) including central and peripheral nervous systems. On the contrary, the abundant expression and functional participation of TRPV1 and TRPV4 were specific to acupuncture stimulation at acupoints. The enhancement or inhibition of TRPV channels at different anatomical levels will affect the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. In conclusion, TRPV channels help to understand the principle of acupuncture stimulation, and acupuncture also provides a potential approach to TRPV-related trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-ming Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oncology, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-dian Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Min-feng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-xiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-min Yu
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-xia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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12
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Calcium–Permeable Channels and Endothelial Dysfunction in Acute Lung Injury. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2217-2229. [PMID: 35678679 PMCID: PMC9164020 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased permeability of the lung microvascular endothelium is one critical initiation of acute lung injury (ALI). The disruption of vascular-endothelium integrity results in leakiness of the endothelial barrier and accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the alveoli. During ALI, increased endothelial-cell (EC) permeability is always companied by high frequency and amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Mechanistically, cytosolic calcium oscillations include calcium release from internal stores and calcium entry via channels located in the cell membrane. Recently, numerous publications have shown substantial evidence that calcium-permeable channels play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the endothelium barrier function of the vessel wall in ALI. These novel endothelial signaling pathways are future targets for the treatment of lung injury. This short review focuses on the up-to-date research and provide insight into the contribution of calcium influx via ion channels to the disruption of lung microvascular endothelial-barrier function during ALI.
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13
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Subbaiah MAM, Meanwell NA. Bioisosteres of the Phenyl Ring: Recent Strategic Applications in Lead Optimization and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14046-14128. [PMID: 34591488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The benzene moiety is the most prevalent ring system in marketed drugs, underscoring its historic popularity in drug design either as a pharmacophore or as a scaffold that projects pharmacophoric elements. However, introspective analyses of medicinal chemistry practices at the beginning of the 21st century highlighted the indiscriminate deployment of phenyl rings as an important contributor to the poor physicochemical properties of advanced molecules, which limited their prospects of being developed into effective drugs. This Perspective deliberates on the design and applications of bioisosteric replacements for a phenyl ring that have provided practical solutions to a range of developability problems frequently encountered in lead optimization campaigns. While the effect of phenyl ring replacements on compound properties is contextual in nature, bioisosteric substitution can lead to enhanced potency, solubility, and metabolic stability while reducing lipophilicity, plasma protein binding, phospholipidosis potential, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and the hERG channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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14
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Pero JE, McAtee JJ, Behm DJ, Briand J, Graczyk-Millbrandt G, Erhard K, Roberts AD, Rivero RA, Holt DA, Lawhorn BG. Identification, Synthesis, and Characterization of a Major Circulating Human Metabolite of TRPV4 Antagonist GSK2798745. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1498-1502. [PMID: 34531959 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK2798745, an antagonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel, was recently investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of cardiac and respiratory diseases. Human plasma and urine samples collected from healthy volunteers following oral administration were analyzed to identify circulating and excreted metabolites of the parent drug. One major circulating metabolite (1) was found in pooled human plasma samples, accounting for approximately half of the observed drug-related material. Isolation of metabolite 1 from urine samples followed by MS and NMR studies led to a putative structural assignment of 1 where hydroxylation of GSK2798745 occurred on the central ring, producing a penta-substituted cyclohexane structure containing three stereocenters. Two unique chemical syntheses of the proposed structure were developed to confirm the identity of metabolite 1 and provide access to gram quantities for biological characterization.
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15
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With-No-Lysine Kinase 1 (WNK1) Augments TRPV4 Function in the Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephron. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061482. [PMID: 34204757 PMCID: PMC8231605 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys play a central role in regulation of potassium homeostasis and maintenance of plasma K+ levels within a narrow physiological range. With-no-lysine (WNK) kinases, specifically WNK1 and WNK4, have been recognized to regulate K+ balance, in part, by orchestrating maxi K+ channel (BK)-dependent K+ secretion in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN), which includes the connecting tubule and collecting duct. We recently demonstrated that the Ca2+-permeable TRPV4 channel is essential for BK activation in the ASDN. Furthermore, high K+ diet increases TRPV4 activity and expression largely in an aldosterone-dependent manner. In the current study, we aimed to test whether WNK kinases contribute to regulation of TRPV4 activity and its stimulation by aldosterone. Systemic inhibition of WNK with WNK463 (1 mg/kgBW for 3 days) markedly decreased TRPV4-dependent Ca2+ influx in freshly isolated split-opened collecting ducts. Aldosterone greatly increased TRPV4 activity and expression in cultured mpkCCDc14 cells and this effect was abolished in the presence of WNK463. Selective inhibition of WNK1 with WNK-in-11 (400 nM, 24 h) recapitulated the effects of WNK463 on TRPV4-dependent Ca2+ influx. Interestingly, WNK-in-11 did not interfere with up-regulation of TRPV4 expression by aldosterone, but prevented translocation of the channel to the apical plasma membrane. Furthermore, co-expression of TRPV4 and WNK1 into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells increased the macroscopic TRPV4-dependent cation currents. In contrast, over-expression of TRPV4 with a dominant negative WNK1 variant (K233M) decreased the whole-cell currents, suggesting both stimulatory and permissive roles of WNK1 in regulation of TRPV4 activity. Overall, we show that WNK1 is essential for setting functional TRPV4 expression in the ASDN at the baseline and in response to aldosterone. We propose that this new mechanism contributes to regulation of K+ secretion and, by extension, urinary K+ levels to maintain systemic potassium homeostasis.
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16
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Chen M, Li X. Role of TRPV4 channel in vasodilation and neovascularization. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12703. [PMID: 33971061 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel, a Ca2+ -permeable nonselective cation channel, is widely distributed in the circulatory system, particularly in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The TRPV4 channel is activated by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including shear stress, low intravascular pressure, and arachidonic acid. TRPV4 has a role in mediating vascular tone and arterial blood pressure. The activation of the TRPV4 channel induces Ca2+ influx, thereby resulting in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and SMC relaxation through SKCa and IKCa activation on ECs or through BKCa activation on SMCs. Ca2+ binds to calmodulin, which leads to the production of nitric oxide, causing vasodilation. Furthermore, the TRPV4 channel plays an important role in angiogenesis and arteriogenesis and is critical for tumor angiogenesis and growth, since it promotes or inhibits the development of various types of cancer. The TRPV4 channel is involved in the active growth of collateral arteries induced by flow shear stress, which makes it a promising therapeutic target in the occlusion or stenosis of the main arteries. In this review, we explore the role and the potential mechanism of action of the TRPV4 channel in the regulation of vascular tone and in the induction of neovascularization to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiucun Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Liu L, Guo M, Lv X, Wang Z, Yang J, Li Y, Yu F, Wen X, Feng L, Zhou T. Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Vascular Function. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:677661. [PMID: 33981725 PMCID: PMC8107436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.677661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are widely expressed in systemic tissues and can be activated by many stimuli. TRPV4, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, plays an important role in the vasculature and is implicated in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis processes such as blood pressure, vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension and edema. Within the vasculature, TRPV4 channels are expressed in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and perivascular nerves. The activation of endothelial TRPV4 contributes to vasodilation involving nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor pathways. TRPV4 activation also can directly cause vascular smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization and vasodilation. In addition, TRPV4 activation can evoke constriction in some specific vascular beds or under some pathological conditions. TRPV4 participates in the control of vascular permeability and vascular damage, particularly in the lung capillary endothelial barrier and lung injury. It also participates in vascular remodeling regulation mainly by controlling vasculogenesis and arteriogenesis. This review examines the role of TRPV4 in vascular function, particularly in vascular dilation and constriction, vascular permeability, vascular remodeling, and vascular damage, along with possible mechanisms, and discusses the possibility of targeting TRPV4 for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowang Lv
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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18
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Haywood N, Ta HQ, Rotar E, Daneva Z, Sonkusare SK, Laubach VE. Role of the purinergic signaling network in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:250-257. [PMID: 33651003 PMCID: PMC9270688 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of early mortality following lung transplantation and is typically caused by lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Current management of PGD is largely supportive and there are no approved therapies to prevent lung IRI after transplantation. The purinergic signaling network plays an important role in this sterile inflammatory process, and pharmacologic manipulation of said network is a promising therapeutic strategy. This review will summarize recent findings in this area. RECENT FINDINGS In the past 18 months, our understanding of lung IRI has improved, and it is becoming clear that the purinergic signaling network plays a vital role. Recent works have identified critical components of the purinergic signaling network (Pannexin-1 channels, ectonucleotidases, purinergic P1 and P2 receptors) involved in inflammation in a number of pathologic states including lung IRI. In addition, a functionally-related calcium channel, the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel, has recently been linked to purinergic signaling and has also been shown to mediate lung IRI. SUMMARY Agents targeting components of the purinergic signaling network are promising potential therapeutics to limit inflammation associated with lung IRI and thus decrease the risk of developing PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Haywood
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Huy Q. Ta
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Evan Rotar
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zdravka Daneva
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Victor E. Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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19
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Abstract
Introduction: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is an ion channel that is widely expressed and is activated by numerous chemical, osmotic and mechanical stimuli. By modulating Ca2+ entry, TRPV4 regulates cellular signaling associated with a variety of (patho)physiological processes and is a target of interest for treatment of human diseases including heart failure, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatological conditions, pain and cancer, among others.Areas covered: This article reviews small molecule TRPV4 antagonists and new therapeutic use claims disclosed in the patent literature from 2015 to 2020, including applications covering the first potent and selective TRPV4 clinical candidate and other advanced chemotypes.Expert opinion: TRPV4 has proven to be a tractable target and significant progress in discovery of TRPV4 antagonists has been realized in recent years. Several unique chemical templates with drug-like properties inhibit the channel and show efficacy in models that suggest their potential for treatment of a variety of diseases. While compelling clinical efficacy has not yet been seen in the limited early studies conducted with GSK2798745, evaluation of TRPV4 antagonists in larger trials across several indications is warranted given the availability of high-quality candidates and the promise of therapeutic benefit based on pre-clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Lawhorn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, and Early Development Leaders, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Edward J Brnardic
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, and Early Development Leaders, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David J Behm
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, and Early Development Leaders, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, United States
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20
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Aynetdinova D, Callens MC, Hicks HB, Poh CYX, Shennan BDA, Boyd AM, Lim ZH, Leitch JA, Dixon DJ. Installing the “magic methyl” – C–H methylation in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5517-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following notable cases of remarkable potency increases in methylated analogues of lead compounds, this review documents the state-of-the-art in C–H methylation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Aynetdinova
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Mia C. Callens
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Harry B. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Charmaine Y. X. Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Alistair M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Zhong Hui Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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21
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Xu X, Goyal N, Costell MH, Roethke T, James CH, Thorneloe KS, Patterson J, Stoy P, Goodman K, Sprecher DL, Behm DJ. Identification of a Human Whole Blood-Based Endothelial Cell Impedance Assay for Assessing Clinical Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Target Engagement Ex Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:436-443. [PMID: 33376150 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels expressed on pulmonary endothelial cells are activated by elevated pulmonary vascular pressure, resulting in endothelial shape change, pulmonary barrier disruption, and edema. As such, TRPV4 blocker GSK2798745 was recently investigated in phase I/IIa trials to reduce pulmonary edema caused by heart failure (HF). In the absence of a suitable TRPV4 target engagement biomarker, we hypothesized that an ex vivo assay could be used to predict pharmacological activity at the intended site of action (endothelial cells) of subjects. In this assay, the ability of GSK2798745 to block TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790-induced impendence reduction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the presence of human whole blood was assessed. Blood from healthy volunteers drawn 1-12 hours after single or repeated dose of GSK2798745 (5 mg) inhibited GSK1016790-induced impedance reduction by ≥85%. Similarly, blood samples from 16 subjects with HF dosed with GSK2798745 (2.4 mg) inhibited GSK1016790-induced HUVEC impedance reduction by ≥58% 1-24 hours after single dosing and ≥78% 1-24 hours after 7 days of repeated dosing. No inhibition was detected using blood from placebo subjects. Using matched GSK2798745 plasma levels, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship was calculated as 2.9 nM IC50, consistent with the 6.5 nM IC50 of GSK2798745 obtained from a rat in vivo PK/PD model of pulmonary edema after correcting for rat-to-human differences. These results indicate that circulating levels of GSK2798745 in the recently completed phase I/IIa trials were sufficient to block TRPV4 in lung vascular endothelial cells to a large extent, supporting this dosing regimen for assessing efficacy in HF. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In the absence of a suitable target engagement biomarker, we developed an ex vivo assay to predict the pharmacological activity of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) blocker GSK2798745 in healthy volunteers and subjects with heart failure (HF) from phase I/IIa trials. The potency values from the ex vivo assay were consistent with those predicted from a rat in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of pulmonary edema, strongly suggesting that circulating levels of GSK2798745 were sufficient to robustly block TRPV4, supporting use of GSK2798745 for assessing efficacy in HF.
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22
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Patterson JR, Terrell LR, Donatelli CA, Holt DA, Jolivette LJ, Rivero RA, Roethke TJ, Shu A, Stoy P, Ye G, Youngman M, Lawhorn BG. Design and Optimization of an Acyclic Amine Series of TRPV4 Antagonists by Electronic Modulation of Hydrogen Bond Interactions. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14867-14884. [PMID: 33201708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of TRPV4 as a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary edema associated with heart failure generated a novel series of acyclic amine inhibitors displaying exceptional potency and PK properties. The series arose through a scaffold hopping approach, which relied on use of an internal H-bond to replace a saturated heterocyclic ring. Optimization of the lead through investigation of both aryl regions revealed approaches to increase potency through substituents believed to enhance separate intramolecular and intermolecular H-bond interactions. A proposed internal H-bond between the amine and neighboring benzenesulfonamide was stabilized by electronically modulating the benzenesulfonamide. In the aryl ether moiety, substituents para to the nitrile demonstrated an electronic effect on TRPV4 recognition. Finally, the acyclic amines inactivated CYP3A4 and this liability was addressed by modifications that sterically preclude formation of a putative metabolic intermediate complex to deliver advanced TRPV4 antagonists as leads for discovery of novel medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn R Patterson
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lamont R Terrell
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Carla A Donatelli
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Dennis A Holt
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Larry J Jolivette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ralph A Rivero
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Theresa J Roethke
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Arthur Shu
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Patrick Stoy
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Guosen Ye
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark Youngman
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Brian G Lawhorn
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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Mole S, Harry A, Fowler A, Hotee S, Warburton J, Waite S, Beerahee M, Behm DJ, Badorrek P, Müller M, Faulenbach C, Lazaar AL, Hohlfeld JM. Investigating the effect of TRPV4 inhibition on pulmonary-vascular barrier permeability following segmental endotoxin challenge. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 64:101977. [PMID: 33189900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is associated with increased pulmonary-vascular permeability. In the lung, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, is a regulator of endothelial permeability and pulmonary edema. We performed a Phase I, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, parallel group, proof-of-mechanism study to investigate the effects of TRPV4 channel blocker, GSK2798745, on pulmonary-vascular barrier permeability using a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Healthy participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 2 single doses of GSK2798745 or placebo, 12 h apart. Two hours after the first dose, participants underwent bronchoscopy and segmental LPS instillation. Total protein concentration and neutrophil counts were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected before and 24 h after LPS challenge, as markers of barrier permeability and inflammation, respectively. The primary endpoint was baseline adjusted total protein concentration in BAL at 24 h after LPS challenge. A Bayesian framework was used to estimate the posterior probability of any percentage reduction (GSK2798745 relative to placebo). Safety endpoints included the incidence of adverse events (AEs), vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram, clinical laboratory and haematological evaluations, and spirometry. RESULTS Forty-seven participants were dosed and 45 completed the study (22 on GSK2798745 and 23 on placebo). Overall, GSK2798745 was well tolerated. Small reductions in mean baseline adjusted BAL total protein (~9%) and neutrophils (~7%) in the LPS-challenged segment were observed in the GSK2798745 group compared with the placebo group; however, the reductions did not meet pre-specified success criteria of at least a 95% posterior probability that the percentage reduction in the mean 24-h post LPS BAL total protein level (GSK2798745 relative to placebo) exceeded zero. Median plasma concentrations of GSK2798745 were predicted to inhibit TRPV4 on lung vascular endothelial cells by ~70-85% during the 24 h after LPS challenge; median urea-corrected BAL concentrations of GSK2798745 were 3.0- to 8.7-fold higher than those in plasma. CONCLUSIONS GSK2798745 did not affect segmental LPS-induced elevation of BAL total protein or neutrophils, despite blood and lung exposures that were predicted to be efficacious. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03511105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mole
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnells Wood Road, Stevenage, UK.
| | - Anya Harry
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Andy Fowler
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, West Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB11 1BT, UK
| | - Sarah Hotee
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnells Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Sarah Waite
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, West Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB11 1BT, UK
| | | | - David J Behm
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Philipp Badorrek
- Fraunhofer-Institut Fuer Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin [ITEM], Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Fraunhofer-Institut Fuer Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin [ITEM], Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Faulenbach
- Fraunhofer-Institut Fuer Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin [ITEM], Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Aili L Lazaar
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer-Institut Fuer Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin [ITEM], Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Hannover Medical School and German Centre for Lung Research, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover OE6876, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Achanta S, Jordt SE. Transient receptor potential channels in pulmonary chemical injuries and as countermeasure targets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:73-103. [PMID: 32892378 PMCID: PMC7933981 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lung is highly sensitive to chemical injuries caused by exposure to threat agents in industrial or transportation accidents, occupational exposures, or deliberate use as weapons of mass destruction (WMD). There are no antidotes for the majority of the chemical threat agents and toxic inhalation hazards despite their use as WMDs for more than a century. Among several putative targets, evidence for transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels as mediators of injury by various inhalational chemical threat agents is emerging. TRP channels are expressed in the respiratory system and are essential for homeostasis. Among TRP channels, the body of literature supporting essential roles for TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV4 in pulmonary chemical injuries is abundant. TRP channels mediate their function through sensory neuronal and nonneuronal pathways. TRP channels play a crucial role in complex pulmonary pathophysiologic events including, but not limited to, increased intracellular calcium levels, signal transduction, recruitment of proinflammatory cells, neurogenic inflammatory pathways, cough reflex, hampered mucus clearance, disruption of the integrity of the epithelia, pulmonary edema, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the role of TRP channels in chemical threat agents-induced pulmonary injuries and how these channels may serve as medical countermeasure targets for broader indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Achanta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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25
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Talele TT. Opportunities for Tapping into Three-Dimensional Chemical Space through a Quaternary Carbon. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13291-13315. [PMID: 32805118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A quaternary carbon bears four other carbon substituents or combination of four non-hydrogen substituents at four vertices of a tetrahedron. The spirocyclic quaternary carbon positioned at the center of a bioactive molecule offers conformational rigidity, which in turn reduces the penalty for conformational entropy. The quaternary carbon is a predominant feature of natural product structures and has been associated with more effective and selective binding to target proteins compared to planar compounds with a high sp2 count. The presence of a quaternary carbon stereocenter allows the exploration of novel chemical space to obtain new molecules with enhanced three-dimensionality. These characteristics, coupled to an increasing awareness to develop sp3-rich molecules, boosted utility of quaternary carbon stereocenters in bioactive compounds. It is hoped that this Perspective will inspire the chemist to utilize quaternary carbon stereocenters to enhance potency, selectivity, and other drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji T Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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26
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Kuebler WM, Jordt SE, Liedtke WB. Urgent reconsideration of lung edema as a preventable outcome in COVID-19: inhibition of TRPV4 represents a promising and feasible approach. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1239-L1243. [PMID: 32401673 PMCID: PMC7276984 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00161.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethality of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the 2020 pandemic, currently still in the exponentially accelerating phase in most countries, is critically driven by disruption of the alveolo-capillary barrier of the lung, leading to lung edema as a direct consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We argue for inhibition of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) calcium-permeable ion channel as a strategy to address this issue, based on the rationale that TRPV4 inhibition is protective in various preclinical models of lung edema and that TRPV4 hyperactivation potently damages the alveolo-capillary barrier, with lethal outcome. We believe that TRPV4 inhibition has a powerful prospect at protecting this vital barrier in COVID-19 patients, even to rescue a damaged barrier. A clinical trial using a selective TRPV4 inhibitor demonstrated a benign safety profile in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from cardiogenic lung edema. We argue for expeditious clinical testing of this inhibitor in COVID-19 patients with respiratory malfunction and at risk for lung edema. Perplexingly, among the currently pursued therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, none is designed to directly protect the alveolo-capillary barrier. Successful protection of the alveolo-capillary barrier will not only reduce COVID-19 lethality but will also preempt a distressing healthcare scenario with insufficient capacity to provide ventilator-assisted respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- 1Institute of Physiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wolfgang B. Liedtke
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,3Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,4Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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27
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Stewart GM, Johnson BD, Sprecher DL, Reddy YNV, Obokata M, Goldsmith S, Bart B, Oughton A, Fillmore C, Behm DJ, Borlaug BA. Targeting pulmonary capillary permeability to reduce lung congestion in heart failure: a randomized, controlled pilot trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:1641-1645. [PMID: 32227554 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lung congestion in patients with heart failure (HF) has traditionally been treated using interventions that reduce pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel regulates fluid transit across the pulmonary capillary-interface, and represents a novel target to reduce lung water, independent of pulmonary capillary hypertension. This pilot study examined the safety and potential efficacy of TRPV4 blockade as a novel treatment for HF. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial, 11 subjects with chronic, compensated HF were treated with a novel TRPV4 antagonist (GSK2798745) or placebo. The primary endpoint was lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO ) after 7 days of treatment with GSK2798745 as compared to placebo. Secondary endpoints included additional diffusion parameters, spirometry and safety assessments. Compared to placebo, treatment with GSK2798745 resulted in a trend to improvement in DLCO (placebo: -0.336 mL/mmHg/min; GSK2798745: +0.458 mL/mmHg/min; treatment difference: +0.793 mL/mmHg/min; 95% confidence interval: -0.925 to 2.512) that was not statistically significant. GSK2798745 was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION In this pilot trial, GSK2798745 was found to be safe and well-tolerated, with a trend toward improved gas transfer. Further investigation is warranted in larger studies to determine whether treatment with TRPV4 antagonists or alternative treatments targeting capillary permeability might be effective to improve lung congestion, pulmonary gas transfer and clinical status in patients with acute or chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Stewart
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven Goldsmith
- Hennepin County Medical Centre, Minneapolis, MI, USA.,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MI, USA
| | - Brad Bart
- Hennepin County Medical Centre, Minneapolis, MI, USA.,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MI, USA
| | - Anna Oughton
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical Ltd., Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - David J Behm
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical Ltd., Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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28
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Kuebler WM, Jordt SE, Liedtke WB. COVID-19: urgent reconsideration of lung edema as a preventable outcome Inhibition of TRPV4 as a promising and feasible approach. SSRN 2020:3558887. [PMID: 32714108 PMCID: PMC7366813 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3558887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lethality of Covid-19 during the 2020 pandemic, currently in the exponentially-accelerating phase in most countries, is critically driven by disruption of the alveolo-capillary barrier of the lung, leading to lung edema as a direct consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We argue for inhibition of the TRPV4 calcium-permeable ion channel as a strategy to address this issue, based on the rationale that TRPV4 inhibition is protective in various preclinical models of lung edema, and that TRPV4 hyperactivation potently damages the alveolo-capillary barrier, with lethal outcome. We believe that TRPV4 inhibition has a powerful prospect at protecting this vital barrier in Covid-19 patients, even to rescue a damaged barrier. A clinical trial using a selective TRPV4 inhibitor demonstrated a benign safety profile in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from cardiogenic lung edema. We argue for expeditious clinical testing of this inhibitor in Covid-19 patients with respiratory malfunction and at risk for lung edema. We note that among the currently pursued therapeutic strategies against Covid-19, none is designed to directly protect the alveolo-capillary barrier. Successful protection of the alveolo-capillary barrier will not only reduce Covid-19 lethality but will pre-empt a catastrophic scenario in healthcare with insufficient capacity to provide ventilator-assisted respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Wolfgang B Liedtke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
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29
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Lawhorn BG, Brnardic EJ, Behm DJ. Recent advances in TRPV4 agonists and antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127022. [PMID: 32063431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
TRPV4 is a ubiquitously expressed, non-selective cation channel activated by a range of stimuli including hypotonicity, temperature, pH, stretch and endogenous ligands. Agents that modulate TRPV4 are sought as potential therapeutics for the treatment of many diseases including osteoarthritis, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, pain and congestive heart failure. In recent years, significant advances in TRPV4 drug discovery have been realized as at least seven novel TRPV4 agonist or antagonist templates were reported and the first selective TRPV4 antagonist was evaluated in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Lawhorn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, and Early Development Leaders, Research, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States.
| | - Edward J Brnardic
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, and Early Development Leaders, Research, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
| | - David J Behm
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, and Early Development Leaders, Research, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
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30
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Brooks CA, Barton LS, Behm DJ, Brnardic EJ, Costell MH, Holt DA, Jolivette LJ, Matthews JM, McAtee JJ, McCleland BW, Patterson JR, Pero JE, Rivero RA, Roethke TJ, Sanchez RM, Shenje R, Terrell LR, Lawhorn BG. Discovery of GSK3527497: A Candidate for the Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-4 (TRPV4). J Med Chem 2019; 62:9270-9280. [PMID: 31532662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GSK3527497, a preclinical candidate for the inhibition of TRPV4, was identified starting from the previously reported pyrrolidine sulfonamide TRPV4 inhibitors 1 and 2. Optimization of projected human dose was accomplished by specifically focusing on in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters CLu, Vdssu, and MRT. We highlight the use of conformational changes as a novel approach to modulate Vdssu and present results that suggest that molecular-shape-dependent binding to tissue components governs Vdssu in addition to bulk physicochemical properties. Optimization of CLu within the series was guided by in vitro metabolite identification, and the poor FaSSIF solubility imparted by the crystalline properties of the pyrrolidine diol scaffold was improved by the introduction of a charged moiety to enable excellent exposure from high crystalline doses. GSK3527497 is a preclinical candidate suitable for oral and iv administration that is projected to inhibit TRPV4 effectively in patients from a low daily clinical dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Brooks
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Linda S Barton
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - David J Behm
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Edward J Brnardic
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Melissa H Costell
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Dennis A Holt
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Larry J Jolivette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jay M Matthews
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - John J McAtee
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Brent W McCleland
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jaclyn R Patterson
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Joseph E Pero
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Ralph A Rivero
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Theresa J Roethke
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Robert M Sanchez
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Raynold Shenje
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Lamont R Terrell
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Brian G Lawhorn
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit and Flexible Discovery Unit , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
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