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Zhan J, Huang J, Xiao Q, Yu ZA, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu F, Cai Y, Yang Z, Zheng L. Optimized Two-Photon Imaging by Stimuli-Responsive Peptide Self-Assembly Facilitates Self-Assisted Counteraction of Cisplatin-Resistance in Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12630-12639. [PMID: 39058331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of tumors remain significant clinical challenges. While fluorescence imaging is essential for tumor detection, it has limitations in terms of specificity, penetration depth, and emission wavelength. Here, we report a novel glutathione (GSH)-responsive peptide self-assembly excimer probe (pSE) that optimizes two-photon tumor imaging and self-assisted counteraction of the cisplatin resistance in cancer cells. The GSH-responsive self-assembly of pSE induces a monomer-excimer transition of coumarin, promoting a near-infrared redshift of fluorescence emission under two-photon excitation. This process enhances penetration depth and minimizes interference from biological autofluorescence. Moreover, the intracellular self-assembly of pSE impacts GSH homeostasis, modulates relevant signaling pathways, and significantly reduces GSTP1 expression, resulting in decreased cisplatin efflux in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The proposed self-assembled excimer probe not only distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells but also enhances the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy, offering significant potential in tumor diagnosis and overcoming cisplatin-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuqun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ze-An Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yenan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengjiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanbin Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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2
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Fu J, Xi H, Cai S, Peng Y, Liu Q, Qiu L, Lin J. Development of Granzyme B-targeted Smart Positron Emission Tomography Probes for Monitoring Tumor Early Response to Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18910-18921. [PMID: 39001856 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Granzyme B is an immune-related biomarker that closely correlates with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and hence detecting the expression level of granzyme B can provide a dependable scheme for clinical immune response assessment. In this study, two positron emission tomography (PET) probes [18F]SF-M-14 and [18F]SF-H-14 targeting granzyme B are designed based on the intramolecular cyclization scaffold SF. [18F]SF-M-14 and [18F]SF-H-14 can respond to granzyme B and glutathione (GSH) to conduct intramolecular cyclization and self-assemble into nanoaggregates to enhance the retention of probe at the target site. Both probes are prepared with high radiochemical purity (>98%) and high stability in PBS and mouse serum. In 4T1 cells cocultured with T lymphocytes, [18F]SF-M-14 and [18F]SF-H-14 reach the maximum uptake of 6.71 ± 0.29 and 3.47 ± 0.09% ID/mg at 0.5 h, respectively, but they remain below 1.95 ± 0.22 and 1.47 ± 0.21% ID/mg in 4T1 cells without coculture of T lymphocytes. In vivo PET imaging shows that the tumor uptake in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice after immunotherapy is significantly higher (3.5 times) than that in the untreated group. The maximum tumor uptake of [18F]SF-M-14 and [18F]SF-H-14 in the mice treated with BEC was 4.08 ± 0.16 and 3.43 ± 0.12% ID/g, respectively, while that in the untreated mice was 1.04 ± 0.79 and 1.41 ± 0.11% ID/g, respectively. These results indicate that both probes have great potential in the early evaluation of clinical immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongjie Xi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shuyue Cai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Meng M, Wu J, Feng Y, Lin L, Chen J, Pang X, Li Y, Hao K, Tian H, Chen X. A Comprehensive Strategy Based on High Clinical Translational Nanosystem for Programmable Immunotherapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314309. [PMID: 38520284 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBCs), known as an immunologically cold tumor, is difficult to completely eliminate with existing monotherapies, let alone metastasis and recurrence. It is urgent to design a rational combination of multiple therapies to programmatically reconstitute tumor microenvironment (TME) and reverse the immune "cold" into "hot" inflammatory tumors to improve the therapeutic effect. Hence, in this work, a multifunctional nanosystem (FeSH NPs) that integrates metal-polyphenol coordination complex as a photothermal agent and polyphenol, salvianolic acid B (SAB) as immunomodulator is designed and fabricated for synergistic photothermal-immunotherapy of TNBCs combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody. Guided by photothermal/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT) caused by FeSH NPs induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) under 808 nm laser irradiation. Subsequently, the loaded SAB is released with the addition of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) to remodel TME, specifically TGF-β inhibition and PD-L1 upregulation, and eliminate the primary tumors. The combination of PTT and TME reprogramming by FeSH NPs further synergizes with anti-PD-L1 antibody to eradicate recurrence and inhibit metastasis of TNBCs concurrently. Given the biosafety of FeSH NPs throughout the lifecycle, this work provides a protocol with high clinical translational promise for comprehensive programmed therapeutics of immunologically cold tumors TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuanji Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Kai Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Wei X, Xu C, Cheng P, Hu Y, Liu J, Xu M, Huang J, Zhang Y, Pu K. Leveraging Long-Distance Singlet-Oxygen Transfer for Bienzyme-Locked Afterglow Imaging of Intratumoral Granule Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17393-17403. [PMID: 38860693 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Dual-locked activatable optical probes, leveraging the orthogonal effects of two biomarkers, hold great promise for the specific imaging of biological processes. However, their design approaches are limited to a short-distance energy or charge transfer mechanism, while the signal readout relies on fluorescence, which inevitably suffers from tissue autofluorescence. Herein, we report a long-distance singlet oxygen transfer approach to develop a bienzyme-locked activatable afterglow probe (BAAP) that emits long-lasting self-luminescence without real-time light excitation for the dynamic imaging of an intratumoral granule enzyme. Composed of an immuno-biomarker-activatable singlet oxygen (1O2) donor and a cancer-biomarker-activatable 1O2 acceptor, BAAP is initially nonafterglow. Only in the presence of both immune and cancer biomarkers can 1O2 be generated by the activated donor and subsequently diffuse toward the activated acceptor, resulting in bright near-infrared afterglow with a high signal-to-background ratio and specificity toward an intratumoral granule enzyme. Thus, BAAP allows for real-time tracking of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, enabling the evaluation of cancer immunotherapy and the differentiation of tumor from local inflammation with superb sensitivity and specificity, which are unachievable by single-locked probes. Thus, this study not only presents the first dual-locked afterglow probe but also proposes a new design way toward dual-locked probes via reactive oxygen species transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Mengke Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
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5
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Xu L, Deng Y, Gao H, Yao Y, Liu X, Zhan W, Liang G, Sun X. Near-infrared AIEgens for sulfatase imaging in breast cancer in vivo. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11538-11541. [PMID: 38841880 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) enable highly sensitive and in situ visualization of sulfatase to benefit the early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC), but current sulfatase AIEgens always emit visible light (<650 nm). Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) AIEgen QMT-SFA is developed for sulfatase imaging in vivo. Hydrophilic QMT-SFA is cleaved by sulfatase to yield hydrophobic QMT-OH, which subsequently aggregates into nanoparticles to turn the AIE fluorescence "on", enabling sensitive sulfatase imaging in 4T1 cells and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Hang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuchen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
- Handan Norman Technology Co., Ltd, Guantao 057750, China
| | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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6
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Pandey A, Chopra S, Cleary SJ, López-Álvarez M, Quimby FM, Alanizi AAA, Sakhamuri S, Zhang N, Looney MR, Craik CS, Wilson DM, Evans MJ. Imaging the Granzyme Mediated Host Immune Response to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens In Vivo Using Positron Emission Tomography. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2108-2117. [PMID: 38819300 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how the host immune system engages complex pathogens is essential to developing therapeutic strategies to overcome their virulence. While granzymes are well understood to trigger apoptosis in infected host cells or bacteria, less is known about how the immune system mobilizes individual granzyme species in vivo to combat diverse pathogens. Toward the goal of studying individual granzyme function directly in vivo, we previously developed a new class of radiopharmaceuticals termed "restricted interaction peptides (RIPs)" that detect biochemically active endoproteases using positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, we showed that secreted granzyme B proteolysis in response to diverse viral and bacterial pathogens could be imaged with [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B, a RIP that specifically targets granzyme B. Wild-type or germline granzyme B knockout mice were instilled intranasally with the A/PR/8/34 H1N1 influenza A strain to generate pneumonia, and granzyme B production within the lungs was measured using [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B PET/CT. Murine myositis models of acute bacterial (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and L. monocytogenes) infection were also developed and imaged using [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B. In all cases, the mice were studied in vivo using mPET/CT and ex vivo via tissue-harvesting, gamma counting, and immunohistochemistry. [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B uptake was significantly higher in the lungs of wild-type mice that received A/PR/8/34 H1N1 influenza A strain compared to mice that received sham or granzyme B knockout mice that received either treatment. In wild-type mice, [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B uptake was significantly higher in the infected triceps muscle versus normal muscle and the contralateral triceps inoculated with heat killed bacteria. In granzyme B knockout mice, [64Cu]Cu-GRIP B uptake above the background was not observed in the infected triceps muscle. Interestingly, live L. monocytogenes did not induce detectable granzyme B on PET, despite prior in vitro data, suggesting a role for granzyme B in suppressing their pathogenicity. In summary, these data show that the granzyme response elicited by diverse human pathogens can be imaged using PET. These results and data generated via additional RIPs specific for other granzyme proteases will allow for a deeper mechanistic study analysis of their complex in vivo biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Pandey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Shalini Chopra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Simon J Cleary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Marina López-Álvarez
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Fiona M Quimby
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Aryn A A Alanizi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sasank Sakhamuri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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7
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Fang J, Liu Q, Liu Y, Li K, Qiu L, Xi H, Cai S, Zou P, Lin J. β-Galactosidase-Activated and Red Light-Induced RNA Modification Strategy for Prolonged NIR Fluorescence/PET Bimodality Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1707-1716. [PMID: 38241523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Improving the retention of small-molecule-based therapeutic agents in tumors is crucial to achieve precise diagnosis and effective therapy of cancer. Herein, we propose a β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-activated and red light-induced RNA modification (GALIRM) strategy for prolonged tumor imaging. A β-Gal-activatable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (FL) and positron emission tomography (PET) bimodal probe 68Ga-NOTA-FCG consists of a triaaza triacetic acid chelator NOTA for 68Ga-labeling, a β-Gal-activated photosensitizer CyGal, and a singlet oxygen (1O2)-susceptible furan group for RNA modification. Studies have demonstrated that the probe emits an activated NIR FL signal upon cleavage by endogenous β-Gal overexpressed in the lysosomes, which is combined with the PET imaging signal of 68Ga allowing for highly sensitive imaging of ovarian cancer. Moreover, the capability of 68Ga-NOTA-FCG generating 1O2 under 690 nm illumination could be simultaneously unlocked, which can trigger the covalent cross-linking between furan and nucleotides of cytoplasmic RNAs. The formation of the probe-RNA conjugate can effectively prevent exocytosis and prolong retention of the probe in tumors. We thus believe that this GALIRM strategy may provide entirely new insights into long-term tumor imaging and efficient tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongjie Xi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shuyue Cai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Pei Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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8
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Kazim M, Yoo E. Recent Advances in the Development of Non-Invasive Imaging Probes for Cancer Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310694. [PMID: 37843426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a major revolution in the field of tumor immunology including clinical progress using various immunotherapy strategies. These advances have highlighted the potential for approaches that harness the power of the immune system to fight against cancer. While cancer immunotherapies have shown significant clinical successes, patient responses vary widely due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of tumors and immune responses, calling for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy. Especially, stratifying responding individuals from non-responders during the early stages of treatment could help avoid long-term damage and tailor personalized treatments. In efforts to develop non-invasive means for accurately evaluating and predicting tumor response to immunotherapy, multiple affinity-based agents targeting immune cell markers and checkpoint molecules have been developed and advanced to clinical trials. In addition, researchers have recently turned their attention to substrate and activity-based imaging probes that can provide real-time, functional assessment of immune response to treatment. Here, we highlight some of those recently designed probes that image functional proteases as biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy with a focus on their chemical design and detection modalities and discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of imaging tools utilized in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kazim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Euna Yoo
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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9
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Cheng X, Xia T, Sun X, Liang G, Liu X, Liang G. Atg4B and Cathepsin B-Triggered in Situ Luciferin Formation for Precise Cancer Autophagy Bioluminescence Imaging. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2251-2256. [PMID: 38161373 PMCID: PMC10755845 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and progression, but current approaches to visualize it in vivo show limited precision due to their single-analyte-responsive mode. Hence, by simultaneously employing dual autophagy enzymes Atg4B and cathepsin B to trigger the in situ formation of luciferin, we herein propose a strategy for precise autophagy bioluminescence imaging. An Atg4B-responsive peptide Ac-Thr-Phe-Gly-d-Cys (TFGC) and a cathepsin B-activatable compound Ac-Lys-Gly-Arg-Arg-CBT (KGRR-CBT) were rationally designed. During tumor autophagy, these two compounds were uptaken by cancer cells and cleaved by their corresponding enzymes to yield d-cysteine and 2-cyano-6-aminobenzothiazole, respectively, which underwent a CBT-Cys click reaction to yield d-aminoluciferin, turning the bioluminescence "on". The responsiveness of these two compounds toward the two enzymes was tested in vitro, and the ability to turn bioluminescence "on" was validated in living cancer cells and in vivo. We anticipate that our precise autophagy imaging strategy could be further applied for the diagnosis of autophagy-related diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guowei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical
Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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10
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Xu L, Gao H, Zhan W, Deng Y, Liu X, Jiang Q, Sun X, Xu JJ, Liang G. Dual Aggregations of a Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen for Enhanced Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27748-27756. [PMID: 38052046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) enables "Turn-On" imaging generally through single aggregation of the AIE luminogen (AIEgen). Dual aggregrations of the AIEgen might further enhance the imaging intensity and the consequent sensitivity. Herein, we rationally designed a near-infrared (NIR) AIEgen Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-Cys(StBu)-Pra(QMT)-CBT (QMT-CBT) which, upon caspase1 (Cas1) activation, underwent a CBT-Cys click reaction to form cyclic dimers QMT-Dimer (the first aggregation) and assembled into nanoparticles (the second aggregation), turning the AIE signal "on" for enhanced imaging of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Molecular dynamics simulations validated that the fluorogen QMT in QMT-NPs stacked much tighter with each other than in the single aggregates of the control compound Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-Cys(tBu)-Pra(QMT)-CBT (QMT-CBT-Ctrl). Dual aggregations of QMT rendered 1.9-, 1.7-, and 1.4-fold enhanced fluorescence intensities of its single aggregation in vitro, in cells, and in a living AD mouse model, respectively. We anticipate this smart fluorogen to be used for sensitive diagnosis of AD in the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Qiaochu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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11
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Zhang D, Wu H, Wang T, Wang Y, Liu S, Wen F, Oudeng G, Yang M. Self-driven immune checkpoint blockade and spatiotemporal-sensitive immune response monitoring in acute myeloid leukemia using an all-in-one turn-on bionanoprobe. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10613-10624. [PMID: 37877316 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01553j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (ICP) blockade (ICB) is one of the most promising immunotherapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, owing to their heterogeneity, AML cells may cause uncoordinated metabolic fluxes and heterogeneous immune responses, inducing the release of a spatiotemporally sensitive immune response marker. Timely and in situ detection of immune responses in ICB therapy is important for therapeutic strategy adjustment. Herein, we constructed an all-in-one nanoprobe for self-driving ICB and simultaneously detecting an immune response in the same AML cell in vivo, thus enabling accurate evaluation of heterogenetic immune responses in living AML mice without additional drug treatment or probe processes. The nature-inspire polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles loaded with an ICP blocker were targeted to the leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B4 (a new ICP) of AML cells to induce the release of immune response marker granzyme B (GrB). The PDA nanoparticles were additionally paired with carbon-derived graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to construct a full-organic 'turn-on' bionanoprobe that can transfer fluorescence resonance energy for GrB detection. This multifunctional nanoprobe was validated for triggering ICB therapy and monitoring the changes of GrB levels in real-time both in vitro and in vivo. The organic nanoprobe showed excellent permeability and retention in tumor cells and high biocompatibility in vivo. This bionanoprobe orderly interacted with the upstream ICP molecules and downstream signal molecule GrB, thereby achieving in situ immune response signals within the therapeutic efficacy evaluation window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangui Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, P. R. China.
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P. R. China
| | - Honglian Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Tianci Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, P. R. China.
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, P. R. China.
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, P. R. China.
| | - Gerile Oudeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, P. R. China.
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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12
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Zhang R, Wang C, Zheng X, Li S, Zhang W, Kang Z, Yin S, Chen J, Chen F, Li W. Warburg effect-related risk scoring model to assess clinical significance and immunity characteristics of glioblastoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20639-20654. [PMID: 37864422 PMCID: PMC10660605 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of only 14.6 months. The Warburg effect is an abnormal energy metabolism, which is the main cause of the acidic tumor microenvironment. This study explored the role of the Warburg effect in the prognosis and immune microenvironment of GBM. METHODS A prognostic risk score model of Warburg effect-related genes (Warburg effect signature) was constructed using GBM cohort data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cox analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Next, the nomogram was built to predict the prognosis for GBM patients. Finally, the drug sensitivity analysis was utilized to find the drugs that specifically target Warburg effect-related genes. RESULTS Age, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and WRGs score were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for GBM by Cox analyses. The C-index (0.633 for the training set and 0.696 for the validation set) and area under curve (>0.7) indicated that the nomogram exhibited excellent performance. The calibration curve also indicates excellent consistency of the nomogram between predictions and actual observations. In addition, immune microenvironment analysis revealed that patients with high WRGs scores had high immunosuppressive scores, a high abundance of immunosuppressive cells, and a low response to immunotherapy. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assays showed that the drugs targeting Warburg effect-related genes could inhibit the GBM cells growth in vitro. CONCLUSION Our research showed that the Warburg effect is connected with the prognosis and immune microenvironment of GBM. Therefore, targeting Warburg effect-related genes may provide novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weichunbai Zhang
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuo Yin
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinyi Chen
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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13
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Lu C, Li K, Xi H, Hua D, Li H, Gao F, Qiu L, Lin J. Dual-Targeting PET Tracers Enable Enzyme-Mediated Self-Assembly for the PET Imaging of Legumain Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44654-44664. [PMID: 37704192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Legumain, a lysosomal cysteine protease overexpressed in a variety of tumors, has been considered a promising biomarker for various cancers. Precise detection of legumain activity in the lysosome represents an important strategy for early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. Small-molecule probes with the property of target-enabled self-assembly hold great potential for molecular imaging. In this study, we reported two dual-targeting radiotracers ([18F]SF-AAN-M and [18F]SF-AAN-HEM) with a property of legumain-mediated self-assembly for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Both the radiotracers were synthesized with high labeling yield (>50%) and the radiochemical purity was over 99% via one-step straightforward 18F-labeling. Both tracers were efficiently activated by the reducing agent and legumain to self-assemble into aggregates and showed enhanced retention in legumain-overexpressed MDA-MB-468 cells and tumors, indicating that the introduction of lysosome-targeting morpholine increased the tumor uptake and extended the retention of radiotracers in legumain-overexpressed tumors. In addition, [18F]SF-AAN-HEM with a hydrophilic (histidine-glutamate)3 tag displayed significantly reduced liver uptake with no conspicuous reduction in tumor uptake, affording high signal-to-noise ratios (tumor/liver and tumor/muscle). All of these results suggest that dual-targeting tracer [18F]SF-AAN-HEM could provide a promising tool for in vivo monitoring legumain activity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Hongjie Xi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Di Hua
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Huirong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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14
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Ma X, Mao M, He J, Liang C, Xie HY. Nanoprobe-based molecular imaging for tumor stratification. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6447-6496. [PMID: 37615588 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The responses of patients to tumor therapies vary due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor stratification has been attracting increasing attention for accurately distinguishing between responders to treatment and non-responders. Nanoprobes with unique physical and chemical properties have great potential for patient stratification. This review begins by describing the features and design principles of nanoprobes that can visualize specific cell types and biomarkers and release inflammatory factors during or before tumor treatment. Then, we focus on the recent advancements in using nanoprobes to stratify various therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), ferroptosis, and immunotherapy. The main challenges and perspectives of nanoprobes in cancer stratification are also discussed to facilitate probe development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mingchuan Mao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi He
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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15
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Bertolini M, Wong MS, Mendive-Tapia L, Vendrell M. Smart probes for optical imaging of T cells and screening of anti-cancer immunotherapies. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5352-5372. [PMID: 37376918 PMCID: PMC10424634 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
T cells are an essential part of the immune system with crucial roles in adaptive response and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Depending on their microenvironment, T cells can be differentiated into multiple states with distinct functions. This myriad of cellular activities have prompted the development of numerous smart probes, ranging from small molecule fluorophores to nanoconstructs with variable molecular architectures and fluorescence emission mechanisms. In this Tutorial Review, we summarize recent efforts in the design, synthesis and application of smart probes for imaging T cells in tumors and inflammation sites by targeting metabolic and enzymatic biomarkers as well as specific surface receptors. Finally, we briefly review current strategies for how smart probes are employed to monitor the response of T cells to anti-cancer immunotherapies. We hope that this Review may help chemists, biologists and immunologists to design the next generation of molecular imaging probes for T cells and anti-cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bertolini
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Zhang Z, Chen P, Sun Y. Enzyme-Instructed Aggregation/Dispersion of Fluorophores for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:5360. [PMID: 37513233 PMCID: PMC10385274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence is a noninvasive, highly sensitive, and high-resolution modality with great potential for in vivo imaging. Compared with "Always-On" probes, activatable NIR fluorescent probes with "Turn-Off/On" or "Ratiometric" fluorescent signals at target sites exhibit better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wherein enzymes are one of the ideal triggers for probe activation, which play vital roles in a variety of biological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of enzyme-activatable NIR fluorescent probes and concentrate on the design strategies and sensing mechanisms. We focus on the aggregation/dispersion state of fluorophores after the interaction of probes and enzymes and finally discuss the current challenges and provide some perspective ideas for the construction of enzyme-activatable NIR fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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17
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Xu HD, Cheng X, Sun X, Chen P, Zhan W, Liu X, Wang X, Hu B, Liang G. Caspase-3-Triggered Intracellular Gadolinium Nanoparticle Formation for T 1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Apoptosis In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37363812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, with a hallmark of upregulated protease Caspase-3, has been frequently imaged with various probes to reveal the therapeutic efficiencies of different drugs. However, activatable molecular probes with programmable self-assembling behaviors that enable enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of apoptosis remain scarce. Herein, taking advantage of a CBT-Cys click reaction, we rationally designed a Caspase-3-activatable self-assembling probe Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Cys(StBu)-Lys(DOTA(Gd))-CBT (DEVDCS-Gd-CBT) for apoptosis imaging in vivo. After Caspase-3 cleavage in apoptotic cells, DEVDCS-Gd-CBT underwent CBT-Cys click reaction to form a cyclic dimer, which self-assembled into Gd nanoparticles. With this probe, enhanced T1-weighted MR images of apoptosis were achieved at low magnetic fields in vitro, in cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum-induced apoptotic cells and in tail-amputation-simulated apoptotic zebrafish. We anticipate that the smart probe DEVDCS-Gd-CBT could be applied for T1-weighted MRI of apoptosis-related diseases in the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaotong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wenjun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xinliang Wang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
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18
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Gao T, Yi L, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhao Q, Song Y, Ding M, Deng C, Chen Y, Xie Y, Wu W, Jin Q, Zhang L, Xie M. Granzyme B-responsive fluorescent probe for non-invasive early diagnosis of transplant rejection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 232:115303. [PMID: 37060862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Allograft rejection has always been a major obstacle in organ transplantation. The current clinical diagnostic gold standard for allograft rejection is an invasive biopsy. However, biopsy has some limitations, such as sampling errors, risk of serious complications, and high cost. In this study, we have rationally developed an activatable fluorescent probe CYGB for imaging of granzyme B, which is a biomarker released by CD8+T cells attacking the graft. Moreover, the ability of CYGB to detect rejection early in mouse heart and skin transplantation models was evaluated. The probe CYGB consists of a caged hemicyanine-based fluorophore and a GzmB-specifically cleaved peptide substrate linked via a self-immolating spacer, p-aminobenzyl alcohol. Endogenous GzmB in CD8+ T cells specifically activated the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signal of CYGB. In vivo imaging in mice skin and heart graft models, showed that CYGB preferentially accumulates in grafts, enabling early diagnosis of rejection. Moreover, CYGB enables non-invasive assessment of the level of immunosuppression in allogeneic mice treated with FK506. This study provides an alternative method for monitoring the status of allografts without biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luyang Yi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Computational Biomedicine (IAS-5/INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengdan Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuji Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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19
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Hu X, Tang R, Bai L, Liu S, Liang G, Sun X. CBT‐Cys click reaction for optical bioimaging in vivo. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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