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Zheng Y, Lv H, Wang HQ, Geng C, Xu S. Water-Oil Interfacial Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Colloidal Lead-Iodide Perovskites with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4040-4046. [PMID: 38578449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites L2PbI4 (L = alkylammonium cation) (RPPs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique excitonic characteristics. However, their ultrafast reaction dynamics exacerbates the structural distortion of the inorganic framework, leading to severe deterioration in photoluminescence. Here, we propose a water-oil interfacial synthesis approach to achieve controlled growth of the RPPs nanosheets. By segregating Pb and I precursors in two immiscible solvents, the nucleation and growth of RPPs are prolonged to the minute level. L2PbI4 nanosheets terminated with various alkylammonium are synthesized, and the factors influencing the growth kinetics of RPPs nanosheets are investigated. The resulting (PEA)2PbI4 nanosheets exhibit a 3.6-time enhancement in quantum efficiency and 3.2-time improvement photostability compared to those synthesized using the classical recrystallization method. A white light-emitting diode based on (HDA)2PbI4 nanosheets is fabricated, achieving a color gamut of 119.7% of the NTSC display standards. This innovative approach offers a new method for the controlled growth of 2D RPPs with improved optical quality and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zheng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lv
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Qiao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Chong Geng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Shu Xu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
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2
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Chen J, Pei Z, Chai B, Jiang P, Ma L, Zhu L, Huang X. Engineering the Dielectric Constants of Polymers: From Molecular to Mesoscopic Scales. Adv Mater 2023:e2308670. [PMID: 38100840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are essential components of modern-day materials and are widely used in various fields. The dielectric constant, a key physical parameter, plays a fundamental role in the light-, electricity-, and magnetism-related applications of polymers, such as dielectric and electrical insulation, battery and photovoltaic fabrication, sensing and electrical contact, and signal transmission and communication. Over the past few decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to engineering the intrinsic dielectric constant of polymers, particularly by tailoring the induced and orientational polarization modes and ferroelectric domain engineering. Investigations into these methods have guided the rational design and on-demand preparation of polymers with desired dielectric constants. This review article exhaustively summarizes the dielectric constant engineering of polymers from molecular to mesoscopic scales, with emphasis on application-driven design and on-demand polymer synthesis rooted in polymer chemistry principles. Additionally, it explores the key polymer applications that can benefit from dielectric constant regulation and outlines the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhantao Pei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Chai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7202, USA
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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3
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Xia M, Xie Z, Wang H, Jin T, Liu L, Kang J, Sang Z, Yan X, Wu B, Hu H, Tang J, Niu G. Sub-Nanosecond 2D Perovskite Scintillators by Dielectric Engineering. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211769. [PMID: 36762587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite materials have demonstrated great potential for ultrafast scintillators with high light yield. However, the decay time of perovskite still cannot be further minimized into sub-nanosecond region, while sub-nanosecond scintillators are highly demanded in various radiation detection, including high speed X-ray imaging, time-of-flight based tomography or particle discrimination, and timing resolution measurement in synchrotron radiation facilities, etc. Here, a rational design strategy is showed to shorten the scintillation decay time, by maximizing the dielectric difference between organic amines and Pb-Br octahedral emitters in 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHP). Benzimidazole (BM) with low dielectric constant inserted between [PbBr6 ]2- layers, resulting in a surprisingly large exciton binding energy (360.3 ± 4.8 meV) of 2D OIHP BM2 PbBr4 . The emitting decay time is shortened as 0.97 ns, which is smallest among all the perovskite materials. Moreover, the light yield is 3190 photons MeV-1 , which is greatly higher than conventional ultrafast scintillator BaF2 (1500 photons MeV-1 ). The rare combination of ultrafast decay time and considerable light yield renders BM2 PbBr4 excellent performance in γ-ray, neutron, α-particle detection, and the best theoretical coincidence time resolution of 65.1 ps, which is only half of the reference sample LYSO (141.3 ps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Xia
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Optical Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zuoxiang Xie
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Optical Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Optical Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tong Jin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Optical Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Linyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, P. R. China
| | - Jun Kang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ziru Sang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xianchang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Boning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hu
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Optical Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guangda Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Optical Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Abstract
High-performance electronic components are highly sought after in order to produce increasingly smaller and cheaper electronic devices. Drawing inspiration from inorganic dielectric materials, in which both polarizability and polarization contribute, organic materials can also maximize both. For a large set of small molecules drawn from PubChem, a Pareto-like front appears between the polarizability and dipole moment, indicating the presence of an apparent trade-off between these two properties. We tested this balance in π-conjugated materials by searching for novel conjugated hexamers with simultaneously large polarizabilities and dipole moments with potential use for dielectric materials. Using a genetic algorithm (GA) screening technique in conjunction with an approximate density functional tight-binding method for property calculations, we were able to efficiently search chemical space for optimal hexamers. Given the scope of chemical space, using the GA technique saves considerable time and resources by speeding up molecular searches compared to a systematic search. We also explored the underlying structure-function relationships, including sequence and monomer properties, that characterize large polarizability and dipole moment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C Hiener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Geoffrey R Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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5
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Lee C, Lee W, Kim H, Kim Y. Thickness Effect of Polar Polymer Films on the Characteristics of Organic Memory Transistors. Macromol Res 2021; 29:882-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rodríguez-fernández CD, López Lago E, Schröder C, Varela LM. Non-additive electronic polarizabilities of ionic liquids: Charge delocalization effects. J Mol Liq 2022; 346:117099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chen X, Kretz B, Adoah F, Nickle C, Chi X, Yu X, Del Barco E, Thompson D, Egger DA, Nijhuis CA. A single atom change turns insulating saturated wires into molecular conductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3432. [PMID: 34103489 PMCID: PMC8187423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an efficient strategy to modulate tunnelling in molecular junctions by changing the tunnelling decay coefficient, β, by terminal-atom substitution which avoids altering the molecular backbone. By varying X = H, F, Cl, Br, I in junctions with S(CH2)(10-18)X, current densities (J) increase >4 orders of magnitude, creating molecular conductors via reduction of β from 0.75 to 0.25 Å−1. Impedance measurements show tripled dielectric constants (εr) with X = I, reduced HOMO-LUMO gaps and tunnelling-barrier heights, and 5-times reduced contact resistance. These effects alone cannot explain the large change in β. Density-functional theory shows highly localized, X-dependent potential drops at the S(CH2)nX//electrode interface that modifies the tunnelling barrier shape. Commonly-used tunnelling models neglect localized potential drops and changes in εr. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta \propto 1/\sqrt{{\varepsilon }_{r}}$$\end{document}β∝1/εr, suggesting highly-polarizable terminal-atoms act as charge traps and highlighting the need for new charge transport models that account for dielectric effects in molecular tunnelling junctions. In molecular junctions, where a molecule is placed between two electrodes, the current passed decays exponentially as a function of length. Here, Chen et al. show that this exponentially attenuation can be controlled by changing a single atom at the end of the molecular wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard Kretz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Francis Adoah
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Cameron Nickle
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Xiao Chi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrique Del Barco
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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8
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Chen X, Salim T, Zhang Z, Yu X, Volkova I, Nijhuis CA. Large Increase in the Dielectric Constant and Partial Loss of Coherence Increases Tunneling Rates across Molecular Wires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:45111-45121. [PMID: 32897683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the dielectric behavior of monolayers is important in a large range of applications, its role in charge transport studies involving molecular junctions is largely ignored. This paper describes a large increase in the relative static dielectric constant (εr) by simply increasing the thickness of well-organized monolayers of oligoglycine and oligo(ethylene glycol) from 7 up to 14. The resulting large capacitance of 3.5-5.1 μF/cm2 is thickness-independent, which is highly attractive for field-effect transistor applications. This increase of εr results in a linear increase of the thermal activation energy by a factor of 6, which suggests that the mechanism of charge transport gradually changes from coherent to (partially) incoherent tunneling. The comparisons of oligoglycine (which readily forms hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules) and methyl terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) (which lacks hydrogen bond donors) monolayers, kinetic isotope effects, and relative humidity-dependent measurements all indicate the importance of strong hydrogen bonds involving ionic species and strongly bonded water in the unusual dielectric behavior and the incoherent tunneling mechanism. This partial loss of coherence of the charge carriers can explain the unusually small tunneling decay coefficients across long molecular wires, and the length-dependent increase of εr of monolayers opens up interesting new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Ira Volkova
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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9
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Abstract
The ability of organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to act as insulating barriers to electron transfer, ion transport, or molecular diffusion is critical to their application in a variety of technologies. The use of appropriate analytical tools to characterize the dielectric properties of these molecular thin films is important for the control of structural defects and establishing structure–property relations. In this context, we analyze the ionic permeability and dielectric response of SAMs formed from a homologous series of n-alkanethiolates (CH3(CH2)nS, where n = 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19) on gold using the immittance quantities of the complex impedance, capacitance, and permittivity available from the same electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. The most sensitive parameters and frequency range for characterizing the capacitive behavior and assessing the ion-blocking quality of the SAMs under non-Faradaic conditions are identified. We also investigate the effect of chain length on the interfacial capacitance and dielectric constant of ionic insulating SAMs. The advantages of the capacitance quantity and related permittivity data over traditional impedance representations and equivalent electric circuit modeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Dionne
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Fadwa Ben Amara
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Antonella Badia
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
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10
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Ben Amara F, Dionne ER, Kassir S, Pellerin C, Badia A. Molecular Origin of the Odd-Even Effect of Macroscopic Properties of n-Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers: Bulk or Interface? J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13051-13061. [PMID: 32597648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the influence of the monolayer interface versus bulk on the macroscopic properties (e.g., surface hydrophobicity, charge transport, and electron transfer) of organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) chemically anchored to metal surfaces is a challenge. This article reports the characterization of prototypical SAMs of n-alkanethiolates on gold (CH3(CH2)nSAu, n = 6-19) at the macroscopic scale by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and contact angle goniometry, and at the molecular level, by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The SAM capacitance, dielectric constant, and surface hydrophobicity exhibit dependencies on both the length (n) and parity (nodd or neven) of the polymethylene chain. The peak positions of the CH2 stretching modes indicate a progressive increase in the chain conformational order with increasing n between n = 6 and 16. SAMs of nodd have a greater degree of structural gauche defects than SAMs of neven. The peak intensities and positions of the CH3 stretching modes are chain length independent but show an odd-even alternation of the spatial orientation of the terminal CH3. The correlations between the different data trends establish that the chain length dependencies of the dielectric constant and surface hydrophobicity originate from changes in the polymethylene chain conformation (bulk), while the odd-even variation arises primarily from a difference in the chemical composition of the interface related to the terminal group orientation. These findings provide new physical insights into the structure-property relation of SAMs for the design of ultrathin film dielectrics as well as the understanding of stereostructural effects on the electrical characteristics of tunnel junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Ben Amara
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Eric R Dionne
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sahar Kassir
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Antonella Badia
- Département de chimie, FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Saltymakova D, Desmond DS, Isleifson D, Firoozy N, Neusitzer TD, Xu Z, Lemes M, Barber DG, Stern GA. Effect of dissolution, evaporation, and photooxidation on crude oil chemical composition, dielectric properties and its radar signature in the Arctic environment. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 151:110629. [PMID: 31753562 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accidental release of petroleum in the Arctic is of growing concern owing to increases in ship traffic and possible future oil exploration. A crude oil-in-sea ice mesocosm experiment was conducted to identify oil-partitioning trends in sea ice and determine the effect of weathering on crude oil permittivity. The dissolution of the lighter fractions increased with decreasing bulk oil-concentration because of greater oil-brine interface area. Movement of the oil towards the ice surface predominated over dissolution process when oil concentrations exceeded 1 mg/mL. Evaporation decreased oil permittivity due to losses of low molecular weight alkanes and increased asphaltene-resin interactions. Photooxidation increased the permittivity of the crude oil due to the transformation of branched aromatics to esters and ketones. Overall, the weathering processes influenced crude oil permittivity by up to 15%, which may produce sufficient quantifiable differences in the measured normalized radar cross-section of the ice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhantang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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12
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Li X, Valdiviezo J, Banziger SD, Zhang P, Ren T, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV. Symmetry controlled photo-selection and charge separation in butadiyne-bridged donor–bridge–acceptor compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9664-9676. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) in donor–bridge–acceptor (DBA) compounds featuring alkyne bridges depends strongly on the torsion angle between the donor and acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University
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13
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Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Fu B, Schatz GC, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Quantum Interference and Substantial Property Tuning in Conjugated Z- ortho-Regio-Resistive Organic (ZORRO) Junctions. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8956-8963. [PMID: 31682761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherence is a significant factor in nanoscale electronic insulator technology and necessitates an understanding of the structure-property relationship between constructive and destructive quantum interference. This is particularly important in organic dielectric circuitry, which is the subject of this work. It is known that molecular wires composed of (i) meta-substituted phenylene rings, (ii) cross-conjugated double bonds (orthogonal to the molecular long axis), and (iii) single bonds can dramatically reduce electrical transmission. Here we add to these tools the use of an unexplored molecular shape to create strong and counterintuitive interference: a fully conjugated molecular wire with a structure that is forced back on itself in a Z shape, thereby exhibiting remarkably low conductance (G = 0.43 × 10-9 S) even though the phenylene arrangements are ortho- rather than meta-disposed. We call these Z-shaped molecules having ultralow conduction Z-ortho-regio-resistive organics (ZORROs). Here we analyze a series of ZORRO molecules and find them to have significant insulating properties in the coherent electron-transport regime due to interfering transmission pathways in the phenylene rings. Importantly, we find that both electron-withdrawing (fluorine) and electron-donating (methoxy) substituents enhance the transmission, which is not desirable. The former is due to the suppression of the destructive quantum interference at the F site, thereby enhancing the overall transmission, much like a Büttiker probe. The latter is due to a methoxy unit resonance additive effect, akin to oxygen doping, and positively contributes to the transmission. We then examine the effects of replacing the phenylene rings with 4,5- and 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes and how this ZORRO modification further reduces the transmission. An ultralow conductance of 0.13 × 10-9 S and a relatively high dielectric constant (εr) of ∼5 are predicted for the 3,4-thiophene ZORRO derivative, which closely resembles two cross-conjugated units, making it an intriguing candidate for a gate dielectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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14
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Van Dyck C, Bergren AJ, Mukundan V, Fereiro JA, DiLabio GA. Extent of conjugation in diazonium-derived layers in molecular junction devices determined by experiment and modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16762-16770. [PMID: 31328202 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03509e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows that molecular layers grown using diazonium chemistry on carbon surfaces have properties indicative of the presence of a variety of structural motifs. Molecular layers grown with aromatic monomers with thickness between 1 and ∼15 nm display optical absorption spectra with significant broadening but no change in band gap or onsets of absorption as a function of layer thickness. This suggests that there is no extended conjugation in these layers, contrary to the conclusions of previous work. Density-functional theory modelling of the non-conjugated versions of the constituent aromatic monomers reveals that the experimental trends in optical spectra can be recovered, thereby establishing limits to the degree of conjugation and the nature of the order of as-grown molecular layers. We conclude that the absence of both shifts in band gap and changes in absorption onset is a consequence of resonant conjugation within the layers being less than 1.5 monomer units, and that film disorder is the main origin of the optical spectra. These findings have important implications for understanding charge transport mechanisms in molecular junction devices, as the layers cannot be expected to behave as ideal, resonantly conjugated films, but should be viewed as a collection of mixed nonresonantly- and resonantly-conjugated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Van Dyck
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 11427 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Adam Johan Bergren
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 11427 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Vineetha Mukundan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jerry A Fereiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gino A DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada. and Faculty of Management, The University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
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Chen X, Annadata HV, Kretz B, Zharnikov M, Chi X, Yu X, Egger DA, Nijhuis CA. Interplay of Collective Electrostatic Effects and Level Alignment Dictates the Tunneling Rates across Halogenated Aromatic Monolayer Junctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4142-4147. [PMID: 31260324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Predictions about the electrical conductance across molecular junctions based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are often made from the SAM precursor properties. Collective electrostatic effects, however, in a densely packed SAM can override these predictions. We studied, experimentally and theoretically, molecular tunneling junctions based on thiolate SAMs with an aromatic biphenyl backbone and variable, highly polarizable halogen termini X (S-(C6H5)2X; X = H, F, Cl, Br, or I). We found that the halogen-terminated systems show tunneling rates and dielectric behavior that are independent of X despite the large change in the electronegativity of the terminal atom. Using density functional theory, we show that collective electrostatic effects result in modulations of the electrostatic potential that are strongly confined spatially along the direction of charge transport, thereby rendering the role of the halogen atoms insignificant for SAMs with conjugated backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Harshini V Annadata
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bernhard Kretz
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg , Germany
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Xiao Chi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source , National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link , Singapore 117603 , Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source , National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link , Singapore 117603 , Singapore
| | - David A Egger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg , Germany
- Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre , National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
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16
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Desmond DS, Saltymakova D, Neusitzer TD, Firoozy N, Isleifson D, Barber DG, Stern GA. Oil behavior in sea ice: Changes in chemical composition and resultant effect on sea ice dielectrics. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 142:216-233. [PMID: 31232297 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing urgency to develop methods for detecting oil in sea ice owing to the effects of climate change in the Arctic. A multidisciplinary study of crude oil behavior in a sea ice environment was conducted at the University of Manitoba during the winter of 2016. In the experiment, medium-light crude oil was injected underneath young sea ice in a mesocosm. The physical and thermodynamic properties of the oil-infiltrated sea ice were monitored over a three-week time span, with concomitant analysis of the oil composition using analytical instrumentation. A resonant perturbation technique was used to measure the oil dielectric properties, and the contaminated sea ice dielectric properties were modeled using a mixture model approach. Results showed that the interactions between the oil and sea ice altered their physical and thermodynamic properties. These changes led to an overall decrease in sea ice dielectrics, potentially detectable by remote sensing systems.
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17
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Oliveira JPC, Rivelino R. Close Relationships between NMR J-Coupling Alternation (JCA) and Molecular Properties of Carbon Chains. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1605-1615. [PMID: 30730735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a J-coupling alternation (JCA) value that is demonstrated to be a suitable parameter to evaluate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indirect spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) as a function of molecular properties of chains by increasing their length. As an application, we report a theoretical study of the SSCCs for the interactions between neighbor nuclei in increasingly patterned carbon chains within density functional theory. First, we examine the J-coupling constants between 1H and 13C nuclei ( n JHC) considering the separation distance, as well as between two adjacent 13C nuclei (1 JCC) considering their relative positions in polyynes and cumulenes. Further, we define and determine JCA in terms of the differences of 1 JCC, which is investigated as a function of several molecular properties, e.g., cohesive energy, characteristic vibrational frequency, average polarizability, and energy gap of the systems. We also determine JCA for other types of carbon chains, such as diphenyl-capped polyynes, polyacetylene and polythiophene. The behavior of JCA as a function of the energy gap may be related to highly π-conjugated low-band-gap carbon chains. Overall, JCA correlates very well with the electronic properties of these chains, especially with their energy gap, exhibiting positive values for pristine polyyne and polythiophene and negative values for pristine cumulene and plyacetylene. These findings indicate an alternative way to establish an appropriate SSCC descriptor that characterizes the electronic nature of the system, such as the proposed JCA value averaging the whole system, instead of using only the individual J-coupling values to give insights into the properties of large and extended systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P C Oliveira
- Instituto de Física , Universidade Federal da Bahia , 40210-340 Salvador , Bahia , Brazil.,Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Sustentabilidade , Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia , 44085-132 Feira de Santana , Bahia , Brazil
| | - Roberto Rivelino
- Instituto de Física , Universidade Federal da Bahia , 40210-340 Salvador , Bahia , Brazil
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18
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Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Fu B, Schatz GC, Ratner MA, Marks TJ. Germanium Fluoride Nanocages as Optically Transparent n-Type Materials and Their Endohedral Metallofullerene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1672-1684. [PMID: 30608154 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon- and silicon-based n-type materials tend to suffer from instability of the corresponding radical anions. With DFT calculations, we explore a promising route to overcome such challenges with molecular nanocages which utilize the heavier element Ge. The addition of fluorine substituents creates large electron affinities in the range 2.5-5.5 eV and HOMO-LUMO gaps between 1.6 and 3.2 eV. The LUMOs envelop the surfaces of these structures, suggesting extensive delocalization of injected electrons, analogous to fullerene acceptors. Moreover, these Ge nF n inorganic cages are found to be transparent in the UV-visible region as probed with their excited states. Their capacitance, linear polarizabilities, and dielectric constants are computed and found to be on the same order of magnitude as saturated oligomers and some extended π-organics (azobenzenes). Furthermore, we explore fullerene-type endohedral isomers, i.e., cages with internal substituents or guest atoms, and find them to be more stable than the parent exohedral isomers by up to -206.45 kcal mol-1. We also consider the addition of Li, He, Cs, and Bi, to probe the utility of the exo/ endo cages as host-guest systems. The endohedral He/Li@F8@Ge60F52 cages are significantly more stable than their parent exohedral isomers He/Li@Ge60F52 by -182.46 and -49.22 kcal mol-1, respectively. The energy of formation of endohedral He@F8@Ge60F52 is exothermic by -10.4 kcal mol-1, while Cs and Bi guests are too large to be accommodated but are stable in the exohedral parent cages. Conceivable applications of these materials include n-type semiconductors and transparent electrodes, with potential for novel energy storage modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pigulski
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Nurbey Gulia
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Sławomir Szafert
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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20
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Hein SJ, Edder C, Kowalczyk M, Borzenko A, Mourokh L, Lazarev P. Perylene bisbenzimidazole nonlinear dielectric material for energy storage. RSC Adv 2019; 9:361-364. [PMID: 35521607 PMCID: PMC9059328 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel perylene bisbenzimidazole comprising both donor and acceptor functional groups was designed, synthesized, and characterized. This structure exhibits potentially useful physical properties, including a nonlinear dielectric response to an increasing electric field. This material can be used in energy storage devices as the dielectric part of a capacitor. Energy storage devices based on film capacitors are targeting applications in a wide range of industrial, residential and transportation systems. We synthesized and characterized an organic molecule which can serve as a unit for high-density energy storage.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kowalczyk
- Capacitor Sciences Inc
- Menlo Park
- USA
- Natural Sciences Department
- LaGuardia Community College
| | | | - Lev Mourokh
- Department of Physics
- Queens College of the City University of New York
- Flushing
- USA
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