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Hu C, Kuhn L, Makurvet FD, Knorr ES, Lin X, Kawade RK, Mentink-Vigier F, Hanson K, Alabugin IV. Tethering Three Radical Cascades for Controlled Termination of Radical Alkyne peri-Annulations: Making Phenalenyl Ketones without Oxidants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4187-4211. [PMID: 38316011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Although Bu3Sn-mediated radical alkyne peri-annulations allow access to phenalenyl ring systems, the oxidative termination of these cascades provides only a limited selection of the possible isomeric phenalenone products with product selectivity controlled by the intrinsic properties of the new cyclic systems. In this work, we report an oxidant-free termination strategy that can overcome this limitation and enable selective access to the full set of isomerically functionalized phenalenones. The key to preferential termination is the preinstallation of a "weak link" that undergoes C-O fragmentation in the final cascade step. Breaking a C-O bond is assisted by entropy, gain of conjugation in the product, and release of stabilized radical fragments. This strategy is expanded to radical exo-dig cyclization cascades of oligoalkynes, which provide access to isomeric π-extended phenalenones. Conveniently, these cascades introduce functionalities (i.e., Bu3Sn and iodide moieties) amenable to further cross-coupling reactions. Consequently, a variety of polyaromatic diones, which could serve as phenalenyl-based open-shell precursors, can be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Favour D Makurvet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Erica S Knorr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Rahul K Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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2
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Gómez de Segura D, Corral-Zorzano A, Alcolea E, Moreno MT, Lalinde E. Phenylbenzothiazole-Based Platinum(II) and Diplatinum(II) and (III) Complexes with Pyrazolate Groups: Optical Properties and Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1589-1606. [PMID: 38247362 PMCID: PMC10806813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Based on 2-phenylbenzothiazole (pbt) and 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole (Me2N-pbt), mononuclear [Pt(pbt)(R'2-pzH)2]PF6 (R'2-pzH = pzH 1a, 3,5-Me2pzH 1b, 3,5-iPr2pzH 1c) and diplatinum (PtII-PtII) [Pt(pbt)(μ-R'2pz)]2 (R'2-pz = pz 2a, 3,5-Me2pz 2b, 3,5-iPr2pz 2c) and [Pt(Me2N-pbt)(μ-pz)]2 (3a) complexes have been prepared. In the presence of sunlight, 2a and 3a evolve, in CHCl3 solution, to form the PtIII-PtIII complexes [Pt(R-pbt)(μ-pz)Cl]2 (R = H 4a, NMe2 5a). Experimental and computational studies reveal the negligible influence of the pyrazole or pyrazolate ligands on the optical properties of 1a-c and 2a,b, which exhibit a typical 3IL/3MLCT emission, whereas in 2c the emission has some 3MMLCT contribution. 3a displays unusual dual, fluorescence (1ILCT or 1MLCT/1LC), and phosphorescence (3ILCT) emissions depending on the excitation wavelength. The phosphorescence is lost in aerated solutions due to sensitization of 3O2 and formation of 1O2, whose determined quantum yield is also wavelength dependent. The phosphorescence can be reversibly photoinduced (365 nm, ∼ 15 min) in oxygenated THF and DMSO solutions. In 4a and 5a, the lowest electronic transitions (S1-S3) have mixed characters (LMMCT/LXCT/L'XCT 4a and LMMCT/LXCT/ILCT 5a) and they are weakly emissive in rigid media. The 1O2 generation property of complex 3a is successfully used for the photooxidation of p-bromothioanisol showing its potential application toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Andrea Corral-Zorzano
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Eduardo Alcolea
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
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3
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Andrade MA, Mottin M, Sousa BKDP, Barbosa JARG, Dos Santos Azevedo C, Lasse Silva C, Gonçalves de Andrade M, Motta FN, Maulay-Bailly C, Amand S, Santana JMD, Horta Andrade C, Grellier P, Bastos IMD. Identification of novel Zika virus NS3 protease inhibitors with different inhibition modes by integrative experimental and computational approaches. Biochimie 2023; 212:143-152. [PMID: 37088408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with severe neurological disorders and congenital malformation. Despite efforts to eradicate the disease, there is still neither vaccine nor approved drugs to treat ZIKV infection. The NS2B-NS3 protease is a validated drug target since it is essential to polyprotein virus maturation. In the present study, we describe an experimental screening of 2,320 compounds from the chemical library of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris on ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease. A total of 96 hits were identified with 90% or more of inhibitory activity at 10 μM. Amongst the most active compounds, five were analyzed for their inhibitory mechanisms by kinetics assays and computational approaches such as molecular docking. 2-(3-methoxyphenoxy) benzoic acid (compound 945) show characteristics of a competitive inhibition (Ki = 0.49 μM) that was corroborated by its molecular docking at the active site of the NS2B-NS3 protease. Taxifolin (compound 2292) behaves as an allosteric inhibitor whereas 3,8,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-1H-phenalen-1-one (compound 128), harmol (compound 368) and anthrapurpurin (compound 1499) show uncompetitive inhibitions. These new NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors are valuable hits to further hit-to-lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Aparecida Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Melina Mottin
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruna K de P Sousa
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Clênia Dos Santos Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Camila Lasse Silva
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Nader Motta
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Christine Maulay-Bailly
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Amand
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.
| | - Izabela M D Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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4
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Doettinger F, Yang Y, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. Bichromophoric Photosensitizers: How and Where to Attach Pyrene Moieties to Phenanthroline to Generate Copper(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8166-8178. [PMID: 37200533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and organic dye that can form superior bichromophoric systems when combined with a transition metal-based chromophore. However, little is known about the effect of the type of attachment (i.e., 1- vs 2-pyrenyl) and the individual position of the pyrenyl substituents at the ligand. Therefore, a systematic series of three novel diimine ligands and their respective heteroleptic diimine-diphosphine copper(I) complexes has been designed and extensively studied. Special attention was given to two different substitution strategies: (i) attaching pyrene via its 1-position, which occurs most frequently in the literature, or via its 2-position and (ii) targeting two contrasting substitution patterns at the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, i.e., the 5,6- and the 4,7-position. In the applied spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical methods (UV/vis, emission, time-resolved luminescence and transient absorption, cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory), it has been shown that the precise choice of the derivatization sites is crucial. Substituting the pyridine rings of phenanthroline in the 4,7-position with the 1-pyrenyl moiety has the strongest impact on the bichromophore. This approach results in the most anodically shifted reduction potential and a drastic increase in the excited state lifetime by more than two orders of magnitude. In addition, it enables the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield of 96% and the most beneficial activity in the photocatalytic oxidation of 1,5-dihydroxy-naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Doettinger
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yingya Yang
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Pinto CM, Pina J, Delgado-Pinar E, Seixas de Melo JS. Excited state deactivation mechanisms in Shikonin rationalized from its naphthoquinone parent structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20348-20356. [PMID: 35980224 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01829b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin, a naphthoquinone dye, is a molecule of colour of natural origin, whose peculiar properties have not yet been fully rationalized. Its core structure consists of a di-hydroxy-naphthoquinone with an additional non-aromatic hydroxy group. From a comprehensive study involving fast spectroscopic techniques (fs-TA and fs-UC) and TDDFT electronic structure calculations on shikonin (Shk) and its derivatives 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (5HNQ), 5,8-diacetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DiAc), 5,8-dihidroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DHNQ) and acetylshikonin, AcShk, it is shown that intramolecular excited state proton transfer (ESIPT) is present and is determinant in the deactivation of the hydroxy containing molecules. This is mirrored by the dominance of the internal conversion deactivation channel. In Shk, the non-aromatic hydroxy group determines the preferred conformer in both the ground- and excited-state, as reflected in the doubling of the fluorescence quantum yield value of this molecule relative to DHNQ. From fs-UC, a kinetic isotopic effect of 1.7 was obtained for DHNQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Estefanía Delgado-Pinar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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6
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Yang Y, Doettinger F, Kleeberg C, Frey W, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. How the Way a Naphthalimide Unit is Implemented Affects the Photophysical and -catalytic Properties of Cu(I) Photosensitizers. Front Chem 2022; 10:936863. [PMID: 35783217 PMCID: PMC9247301 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.936863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by the great potential of solar energy conversion this study comprises the evaluation and comparison of two different design approaches for the improvement of copper based photosensitizers. In particular, the distinction between the effects of a covalently linked and a directly fused naphthalimide unit was assessed. For this purpose, the two heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes CuNIphen (NIphen = 5-(1,8-naphthalimide)-1,10-phenanthroline) and Cubiipo (biipo = 16H-benzo-[4′,5′]-isoquinolino-[2′,1′,:1,2]-imidazo-[4,5-f]-[1,10]-phenanthroline-16-one) were prepared and compared with the novel unsubstituted reference compound Cuphen (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Beside a comprehensive structural characterization, including two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray analysis, a combination of electrochemistry, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy was used to determine the electrochemical and photophysical properties in detail. The nature of the excited states was further examined by (time-dependent) density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. It was found that CuNIphen exhibits a greatly enhanced absorption in the visible and a strong dependency of the excited state lifetimes on the chosen solvent. For example, the lifetime of CuNIphen extends from 0.37 µs in CH2Cl2 to 19.24 µs in MeCN, while it decreases from 128.39 to 2.6 µs in Cubiipo. Furthermore, CuNIphen has an exceptional photostability, allowing for an efficient and repetitive production of singlet oxygen with quantum yields of about 32%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingya Yang
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Doettinger
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Karnahl, ; Stefanie Tschierlei,
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- TU Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Energy Conversion, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Karnahl, ; Stefanie Tschierlei,
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7
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Payne DT, Hynek J, Labuta J, Hill JP. Nonionic omnisoluble photosensitizer reference material for the estimation of singlet oxygen quantum yield. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6146-6154. [PMID: 35225308 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Meso-Tetrakis-(3,4,5-tris{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}phenyl)porphyrin TEG12PH2 is reported as an 'omnisoluble' reference for singlet oxygen (1O2) generation quantum yield (ΦSO) estimation. TEG12PH2 is a highly soluble, nonionic compound possessing excellent 1O2 QY in a wide variety of common solvents, including water. TEG12PH2 was prepared on multigram scale by the 12-way O-alkylation of tetrakis(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin using 2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 4-toluenesulfonate as a reaction solvent. The corresponding Zn(II) complex TEG12PZn was also prepared and studied. The 1O2 QYs of TEG12PH2 in the different solvents studied were found to be 0.86 (acetone), 0.59 (acetonitrile), 0.66 (chloroform), 0.85 (methanol), 0.45 (toluene) and 0.51 (water). TEG12PH2 can be considered a reliable and easy to implement omnisoluble reference compound for the estimation of the 1O2 generating activities of new materials, especially new porphyrinic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. .,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Hynek
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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8
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Maldonado-Carmona N, Ouk TS, Leroy-Lhez S. Latest trends on photodynamic disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria: photosensitizer's structure and delivery systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:113-145. [PMID: 34784052 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is threatening to overshadow last century's medical advances. Etiological agents of previously eradicated infectious diseases are now resurgent as multidrug-resistant strains, especially for Gram-negative strains. Finding new therapeutic solutions is a real challenge for our society. In this framework, Photodynamic Antimicrobial ChemoTherapy relies on the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species in the presence of light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer molecule. The use of reactive oxygen species is common for disinfection processes, using chemical agents, such as chlorine and hydrogen peroxide, and as they do not have a specific molecular target, it decreases the potential of tolerance to the antimicrobial treatment. However, light-driven generated reactive species result in an interesting alternative, as reactive species generation can be easily tuned with light irradiation and several PSs are known for their low environmental impact. Over the past few years, this topic has been thoroughly studied, exploring strategies based on single-molecule PSs (tetrapyrrolic compounds, dipyrrinate derivatives, metal complexes, etc.) or on conjunction with delivery systems. The present work describes some of the most relevant advances of the last 6 years, focusing on photosensitizers design, formulation, and potentiation, aiming for the disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Maldonado-Carmona
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.
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9
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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10
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Kaye EG, Kailass K, Sadovski O, Beharry AA. A Green-Absorbing, Red-Fluorescent Phenalenone-Based Photosensitizer as a Theranostic Agent for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1295-1301. [PMID: 34413959 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenalenone is a synthetically accessible, highly efficient photosensitizer with a near-unity singlet oxygen quantum yield. Unfortunately, its UV absorption and lack of fluorescence has made it unsuitable for fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy against cancer. In this work, we synthesized a series of phenalenone derivatives containing electron-donating groups to red-shift the absorption spectrum and bromine(s) to permit good singlet oxygen production via the heavy-atom effect. Of the derivatives synthesized, the phenalenone containing an amine at the 6-position with bromines at the 2- and 5-positions (OE19) exhibited the longest absorption wavelength (i.e., green) and produced both singlet oxygen and red fluorescence efficiently. OE19 induced photocytotoxicity with nanomolar potency in 2D cultured PANC-1 cancer cells as well as light-induced destruction of PANC-1 spheroids with minimal dark toxicity. Overall, OE19 opens up the possibility of employing phenalenone-based photosensitizers as theranostic agents for photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther G. Kaye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Karishma Kailass
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Oleg Sadovski
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew A. Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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11
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Godard J, Gibbons D, Leroy-Lhez S, Williams RM, Villandier N, Ouk TS, Brégier F, Sol V. Development of Phenalenone-Triazolium Salt Derivatives for aPDT: Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060626. [PMID: 34074067 PMCID: PMC8225023 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of hospital-acquired infections demand the development of innovative antimicrobial treatments. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a versatile technique which relies on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by light-irradiated photosensitizers (PS) in the presence of oxygen (O2). 1H-Phenalen-1-one is a very efficient photosensitizer known for its high singlet oxygen quantum yield and its antimicrobial potential in aPDT when covalently bound to quaternary ammonium groups. Triazolium salts are stable aromatic quaternary ammonium salts that recently appeared as interesting moieties endowed with antimicrobial activities. The coupling between phenalenone and triazolium groups bearing various substituents was realized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition followed by alkylation with methyl iodide or 2-(bromomethyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one. As expected, most of the compounds retained the initial singlet oxygen quantum yield, close to unity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 14 new phenalenone-triazolium salt derivatives and 2 phenalenone-triazole derivatives were determined against 6 bacterial strains (Gram-negatives and Gram-positives species). Most of these PS showed significant photoinactivation activities, the strongest effects being observed against Gram-positive strains with as low as submicromolar MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Godard
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Dáire Gibbons
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - René M. Williams
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicolas Villandier
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Frédérique Brégier
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, CEDEX, 87060 Limoges, France; (J.G.); (D.G.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.); (T.-S.O.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Godard J, Chapron D, Bregier F, Rosilio V, Sol V. Synthesis and supramolecular arrangement of new stearoyl acid-based phenalenone derivatives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Godard J, Aimeur M, Villandier N, Zermane F, Bregier F, Sol V, Baudu M. Photodegradation of tebuconazole mediated by a novel hybrid phenalenone based photosensitizer. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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