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Kazmi SJ, Rehman SU, Nadeem M, Rehman UU, Hussain S, Manzoor S. Effect of carbon allotropes and thickness variation on the EMI shielding properties of PANI/NFO@CNTs and PANI/NFO@RGO ternary composite systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10168-10182. [PMID: 38495023 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The innovative design of thin, multiphase flexible composite systems with good mechanical properties, low density and improved EMI shielding properties at low filler content has become a key area of research. In this work, we report the low temperature synthesis of three-dimensional ternary composites (PANI/NFO@CNTs and PANI/NFO@RGO) by oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of two different binary composites, viz. NFO@CNTs and NFO@RGO. Enhanced impedance matching is achieved by varying the ratio of the carbon allotropes (CNTs and RGO) to the ferrite component. The synthesis of NFO, PANI/NFO@CNTs and PANI/NFO@RGO is validated by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) confirmed the synthesis of core-shell structures of PANI/NFO@CNTs and PANI/NFO@RGO, where the binary composites (NFO@CNTs and NFO@RGO) serve as a core onto which a tubular PANI layer was coated. Shielding effectiveness of 22.36 dB (99.41% attenuation) is exhibited by the ternary composite PANI/NFO@CNTs (8 : 1), while for PANI/NFO@RGO (20 : 1) a total shielding effectiveness of 31 dB equivalent to 99.92% attenuation was observed at a thickness of 2 mm. The ternary composite PANI/NFO@RGO (20 : 1) 4 mm showed a maximum SET of 43 dB corresponding to 99.996% attenuation of incident EM waves. The enhanced EMI shielding properties of the synthesized ternary composite systems are accredited to good impedance matching, effective dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms and good conductivity, which facilitate multiple reflections and scattering of incident radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Javaria Kazmi
- Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saeed Ur Rehman
- Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - M Nadeem
- Polymer Composite Group, Physics Division, Directorate of Science, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ubaid Ur Rehman
- Polymer Composite Group, Physics Division, Directorate of Science, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Hussain
- Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Manzoor
- Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Behera K, Mutharani B, Chang YH, Kumari M, Chiu FC. Protein-Aided Synthesis of Copper-Integrated Polyaniline Nanocomposite Encapsulated with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dimetridazole in Real Samples. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:162. [PMID: 38201827 PMCID: PMC10781186 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimetridazole (DMZ) is a derivative of nitroimidazole and is a veterinary drug used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial or protozoal infections in poultry. The residues of DMZ cause harmful side effects in human beings. Thus, we have constructed a superior electrocatalyst for DMZ detection. A copper (Cu)-integrated poly(aniline) (PANI) electrocatalyst (PANI-Cu@BSA) was prepared by using a one-step method of biomimetic mineralization and polymerization using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a stabilizer. Then, the synthesized PANI-Cu@BSA was encapsulated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using an ultrasonication method. The PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO nanocomposite had superior water dispersibility, high electrical conductivity, and nanoscale particles. Moreover, a PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO nanocomposite-modified, screen-printed carbon electrode was used for the sensitive electrochemical detection of DMZ. In phosphate buffer solution, the PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO/SPCE displayed a current intensity greater than PANI-Cu@BSA/SPCE, rGO/SPCE, and bare SPCE. This is because PANI-Cu@BSA combined with rGO increases fast electron transfer between the electrode and analyte, and this synergy results in analyte-electrode junctions with extraordinary conductivity and active surface areas. PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO/SPCE had a low detection limit, a high sensitivity, and a linear range of 1.78 nM, 5.96 μA μM-1 cm-2, and 0.79 to 2057 μM, respectively. The selective examination of DMZ was achieved with interfering molecules, and the PANI-Cu@BSA/rGO/SPCE showed excellent selectivity, stability, repeatability, and practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Behera
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Bhuvanenthiran Mutharani
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Chyou Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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Kim S, Lee S, Zhang Y, Park S, Gu J. Carbon-Based Radar Absorbing Materials toward Stealth Technologies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303104. [PMID: 37735148 PMCID: PMC10646258 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Stealth technology is used to enhance the survival of military equipment in the field of military surveillance, as it utilizes a combination of techniques to render itself undetectable by enemy radar systems. Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) are specialized materials used to reduce the reflection (or absorption) of radar signals to provide stealth capability, which is a core component of passive countermeasures in military applications. The properties of RAMs can be optimized by adjusting their composition, microstructure, and surface geometry. Carbon-based materials present a promising approach for the fabrication of ultrathin, versatile, and high-performance RAMs due to their large specific surface area, lightweight, excellent dielectric properties, high electrical conductivity, and stability under harsh conditions. This review begins with a brief history of stealth technology and an introduction to electromagnetic waves, radar systems, and radar absorbing materials. This is followed by a discussion of recent research progress in carbon-based RAMs, including carbon blacks, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and MXene, along with an in-depth examination of the principles and strategies on electromagnetic attenuation characteristics. Hope this review will offer fresh perspectives on the design and fabrication of carbon-based RAMs, thereby fostering a deeper fundamental understanding and promoting practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong‐Hwang Kim
- Department of ChemistryInha University100 InharoIncheon22212South Korea
| | - Seul‐Yi Lee
- Department of ChemistryInha University100 InharoIncheon22212South Korea
| | - Yali Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710072P. R. China
| | - Soo‐Jin Park
- Department of ChemistryInha University100 InharoIncheon22212South Korea
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710072P. R. China
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Zadehnazari A. Metal oxide/polymer nanocomposites: A review on recent advances in fabrication and applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2129387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zadehnazari
- Department of Science, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran
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Li W, Guo F, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Du Y. Facile Synthesis of Metal Oxide Decorated Carbonized Bamboo Fibers with Wideband Microwave Absorption. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39019-39027. [PMID: 36340137 PMCID: PMC9631727 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the disadvantages of high cost, complex processes, low yield, and narrow bandwidth of carbon-based microwave absorbing materials, this paper provides a novel and efficient method for synthesizing metal oxide/carbonized bamboo fibers using renewable natural bamboo fibers as a carbon source. The results suggested that the metal oxides such as NiO and Fe3O4 were uniformly dispersed on the carbonized bamboo fibers and proved that the dielectric component NiO and magnetic component Fe3O4 can significantly improve the microwave absorption performance of the carbonized bamboo fibers. As expected, the NiO/carbonized bamboo fibers showed excellent microwave absorption performance due to the appropriate complex permittivity, high impedance matching, and attenuation coefficient. A wide effective bandwidth of 6.4 GHz with 2.2 mm thickness is achieved, covering the entire Ku-band. Remarkably, the reflection loss (RL) values less than -10 dB covered the whole X-band at a thickness of 3.0 mm. This work reveals the potential of carbonized bamboo fibers-based composite as an economic and broadband microwave absorbent and offers a new strategy for designing promising microwave absorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxi Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong
University, Jinzhong030619, P.R. China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong
University, Jinzhong030619, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong
University, Jinzhong030619, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong
University, Jinzhong030619, P.R. China
| | - Yien Du
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong
University, Jinzhong030619, P.R. China
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Bagheri HF, Arvand M, Habibi MF. An ultra-sensitive tailor-made sensor for specific adsorption and separation of rutin based on imprinted cavities on magnetic sensing platform. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Novel rGO@Fe3O4 nanostructures: An active electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Martin ES, Sanches AO, Maraschin TG, Souza Basso NR, Paula FR, Malmonge JA. Graphite nanosheet/polyaniline nanocomposites: Effect of in situ polymerization and dopants on the microstructure, thermal, and electrical conduction properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Sbrogio Martin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira Ilha Solteira Brazil
| | - Alex Otávio Sanches
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira Ilha Solteira Brazil
| | - Thuany Garcia Maraschin
- Escola Politécnica Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Nara Regina Souza Basso
- Escola Politécnica Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Paula
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira Ilha Solteira Brazil
| | - José Antonio Malmonge
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Engenharia, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira Ilha Solteira Brazil
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Ali MD, Aslam A, Zeeshan T, Mubaraka R, Bukhari SA, Shoaib M, Amami M, Farhat IB, Ahmed SB, Abdelhak J, Waseem S. Robust effectiveness behavior of synthesized cobalt doped Prussian blue graphene oxide ferrite against EMI shielding. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Simple and green route for fabrication of a nanostructured of the graphene‐Fe3O4@PANI for the photovoltaic activity. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Latko-Durałek P, Bertasius P, Macutkevic J, Banys J, Boczkowska A. Fibers of Thermoplastic Copolyamides with Carbon Nanotubes for Electromagnetic Shielding Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5699. [PMID: 34640094 PMCID: PMC8510411 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer composites containing carbon nanofillers are extensively developed for electromagnetic shielding applications, where lightweight and flexible materials are required. One example of the microwave absorbers can be thermoplastic fibers fabricated from copolyamide hot melt adhesives and 7 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, as presented in this paper. A broadband dielectric spectroscopy confirmed that the addition of carbon nanotubes significantly increased microwave electrical properties of the thin (diameter about 100 μm) thermoplastic fibers. Moreover, the dielectric properties are improved for the thicker fibers, and they are almost stable at the frequency range 26-40 GHz and not dependent on the temperature. The variances in the dielectric properties of the fibers are associated with the degree of orientation of carbon nanotubes and the presence of bundles, which were examined using a high-resolution scanning microscope. Analyzing the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite fibers, as an effect of the carbon nanotubes addition, an improvement in the stiffness of the fibers was observed, together with a decrease in the fibers' elongation and tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Latko-Durałek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (P.L.-D.); (A.B.)
- Technology Partners Foundation, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Povilas Bertasius
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Macutkevic
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Juras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Anna Boczkowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (P.L.-D.); (A.B.)
- Technology Partners Foundation, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Manna R, Ghosh K, Srivastava SK. Functionalized Graphene/Nickel/Polyaniline Ternary Nanocomposites: Fabrication and Application as Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7430-7441. [PMID: 34115512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of high electromagnetic absorption materials is essential in the fast growing electronic industry in overcoming electromagnetic pollution. In view of this, a series of Ni nanoparticle-decorated functionalized graphene sheets (FG/Ni) are synthesized by a solvothermal method using different ratios of FG/Ni precursors. Subsequently, FG/Ni is subjected to in situ polymerization of aniline to form FG/Ni/PANI ternary composites and characterized. The total electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (SET) measurements on FG/Ni/PANI with an optimized FG/Ni ratio (50 mg:600 mg NiCl2·6H2O) exhibit enhanced performance, i.e., ∼47-65 dB (2-3.8 GHz) and ∼65-45 dB (3.8-8 GHz), following absorption as the dominant mechanism due to the matching of dielectric loss and magnetic loss. It is anticipated that such excellent performance of robust FG/Ni/PANI ternary composites at a very low thickness (0.5 mm) has great potential in the application of microwave-absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
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