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Dönges L, Damle A, Mainardi A, Bock T, Schönenberger M, Martin I, Barbero A. Engineered human osteoarthritic cartilage organoids. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122549. [PMID: 38554643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The availability of human cell-based models capturing molecular processes of cartilage degeneration can facilitate development of disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis [1], a currently unmet clinical need. Here, by imposing specific inflammatory challenges upon mesenchymal stromal cells at a defined stage of chondrogenesis, we engineered a human organotypic model which recapitulates main OA pathological traits such as chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage matrix mineralization, enhanced catabolism and mechanical stiffening. To exemplify the utility of the model, we exposed the engineered OA cartilage organoids to factors known to attenuate pathological features, including IL-1Ra, and carried out mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We identified that IL-1Ra strongly reduced production of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [2] and demonstrated that inhibition of the C/EBPβ-activating kinases could revert the degradative processes. Human OA cartilage organoids thus represent a relevant tool towards the discovery of new molecular drivers of cartilage degeneration and the assessment of therapeutics targeting associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dönges
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atharva Damle
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Schönenberger
- Nano Imaging Lab, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Kim S, Lam PY, Jayaraman A, Han A. Uniform sized cancer spheroids production using hydrogel-based droplet microfluidics: a review. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:26. [PMID: 38806765 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been extensively utilized in various mechanistic studies as well as for drug development studies as superior in vitro platforms than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models. This is especially the case in cancer biology, where 3D cancer models, such as spheroids or organoids, have been utilized extensively to understand the mechanisms of cancer development. Recently, many sophisticated 3D models such as organ-on-a-chip models are emerging as advanced in vitro models that can more accurately mimic the in vivo tissue functions. Despite such advancements, spheroids are still considered as a powerful 3D cancer model due to the relatively simple structure and compatibility with existing laboratory instruments, and also can provide orders of magnitude higher throughput than complex in vitro models, an extremely important aspects for drug development. However, creating well-defined spheroids remain challenging, both in terms of throughputs in generation as well as reproducibility in size and shape that can make it challenging for drug testing applications. In the past decades, droplet microfluidics utilizing hydrogels have been highlighted due to their potentials. Importantly, core-shell structured gel droplets can avoid spheroid-to-spheroid adhesion that can cause large variations in assays while also enabling long-term cultivation of spheroids with higher uniformity by protecting the core organoid area from external environment while the outer porous gel layer still allows nutrient exchange. Hence, core-shell gel droplet-based spheroid formation can improve the predictivity and reproducibility of drug screening assays. This review paper will focus on droplet microfluidics-based technologies for cancer spheroid production using various gel materials and structures. In addition, we will discuss emerging technologies that have the potential to advance the production of spheroids, prospects of such technologies, and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Po Yi Lam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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3
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Żuchowska A, Baranowska P, Flont M, Brzózka Z, Jastrzębska E. Review: 3D cell models for organ-on-a-chip applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1301:342413. [PMID: 38553129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cultures do not fully reflect the human organs' physiology and the real effectiveness of the used therapy. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used in bioanalytical science. Organ-on-a-chip systems are used to obtain cellular in vitro models, better reflecting the human body's in vivo characteristics and allowing us to obtain more reliable results than standard preclinical models. Such 3D models can be used to understand the behavior of tissues/organs in response to selected biophysical and biochemical factors, pathological conditions (the mechanisms of their formation), drug screening, or inter-organ interactions. This review characterizes 3D models obtained in microfluidic systems. These include spheroids/aggregates, hydrogel cultures, multilayers, organoids, or cultures on biomaterials. Next, the methods of formation of different 3D cultures in Organ-on-a-chip systems are presented, and examples of such Organ-on-a-chip systems are discussed. Finally, current applications of 3D cell-on-a-chip systems and future perspectives are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Żuchowska
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Baranowska
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Flont
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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AlShmmari SK, Fardous RS, Shinwari Z, Cialla-May D, Popp J, Ramadan Q, Zourob M. Hepatic spheroid-on-a-chip: Fabrication and characterization of a spheroid-based in vitro model of the human liver for drug screening applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:034105. [PMID: 38817733 PMCID: PMC11136519 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The integration of microfabrication and microfluidics techniques into cell culture technology has significantly transformed cell culture conditions, scaffold architecture, and tissue biofabrication. These tools offer precise control over cell positioning and enable high-resolution analysis and testing. Culturing cells in 3D systems, such as spheroids and organoids, enables recapitulating the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix, thereby allowing the creation of human-based biomimetic tissue models that are well-suited for pre-clinical drug screening. Here, we demonstrate an innovative microfluidic device for the formation, culture, and testing of hepatocyte spheroids, which comprises a large array of patterned microwells for hosting hepatic spheroid culture in a reproducible and organized format in a dynamic fluidic environment. The device allows maintaining and characterizing different spheroid sizes as well as exposing to various drugs in parallel enabling high-throughput experimentation. These liver spheroids exhibit physiologically relevant hepatic functionality, as evidenced by their ability to produce albumin and urea at levels comparable to in vivo conditions and the capability to distinguish the toxic effects of selected drugs. This highlights the effectiveness of the microenvironment provided by the chip in maintaining the functionality of hepatocyte spheroids. These data support the notion that the liver-spheroid chip provides a favorable microenvironment for the maintenance of hepatocyte spheroid functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zakia Shinwari
- Cell Therapy and Immunology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Qasem Ramadan
- College of Science & General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- College of Science & General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Tian D, Mao Z, Wang L, Huang X, Wang W, Luo H, Peng J, Chen Y. Rocking- and diffusion-based culture of tumor spheroids-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2561-2574. [PMID: 38629978 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01116j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tumor spheroids are now intensively investigated toward preclinical and clinical applications, necessitating the establishment of accessible and cost-effective methods for routine operations. Without losing the advantage of organ-chip technologies, we developed a rocking system for facile formation and culture of tumor spheroids in hydrogel microwells of a suspended membrane under microfluidic conditions. While the rocking is controlled with a step motor, the microfluidic device is made of two plastic plates, allowing plugging directly syringe tubes with Luer connectors. Upon injection of the culture medium into the tubes and subsequent rocking of the chip, the medium flows back and forth in the channel underneath the membrane, ensuring a diffusion-based culture. Our results showed that such a rocking- and diffusion-based culture method significantly improved the quality of the tumor spheroids when compared to the static culture, particularly in terms of growth rate, roundness, junction formation and compactness of the spheroids. Notably, dynamically cultured tumor spheroids showed increased drug resistance, suggesting alternative assay conditions. Overall, the present method is pumpless, connectionless, and user-friendly, thereby facilitating the advancement of tumor-spheroid-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomei Tian
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Zheng Mao
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Li Wang
- MesoBioTech, 231 Rue Saint-Honoré, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Wei Wang
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Haoyue Luo
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Juan Peng
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Yong Chen
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
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6
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Abraham N, Kolipaka T, Pandey G, Negi M, Srinivasarao DA, Srivastava S. Revolutionizing pancreatic islet organoid transplants: Improving engraftment and exploring future frontiers. Life Sci 2024; 343:122545. [PMID: 38458556 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) manifests due to pancreatic beta cell destruction, causing insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. Current therapies are inadequate for brittle diabetics, necessitating pancreatic islet transplants, which however, introduces its own set of challenges such as paucity of donors, rigorous immunosuppression and autoimmune rejection. Organoid technology represents a significant stride in the field of regenerative medicine and bypasses donor-based approaches. Hence this article focuses on strategies enhancing the in vivo engraftment of islet organoids (IOs), namely vascularization, encapsulation, immune evasion, alternative extra-hepatic transplant sites and 3D bioprinting. Hypoxia-induced necrosis and delayed revascularization attenuate organoid viability and functional capacity, alleviated by the integration of diverse cell types e.g., human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to boost vascularization. Encapsulation with biocompatible materials and genetic modifications counters immune damage, while extra-hepatic sites avoid surgical complications and immediate blood-mediated inflammatory reactions (IBMIR). Customizable 3D bioprinting may help augment the viability and functionality of IOs. While the clinical translation of IOs faces hurdles, preliminary results show promise. This article underscores the importance of addressing challenges in IO transplantation to advance their use in treating type 1 diabetes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noella Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Tejaswini Kolipaka
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mansi Negi
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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7
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Giannitelli SM, Peluzzi V, Raniolo S, Roscilli G, Trombetta M, Mozetic P, Rainer A. On-chip recapitulation of the tumor microenvironment: A decade of progress. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122482. [PMID: 38301325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the hurdles to the development of new anticancer therapies is the lack of in vitro models which faithfully reproduce the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the dynamic relationships between the components of the TME in a controllable, scalable, and reliable setting would indeed support the discovery of biological targets impacting cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer research is increasingly shifting from traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture toward three-dimensional (3D) culture models, which have been demonstrated to increase the significance and predictive value of in vitro data. In this scenario, microphysiological systems (also known as organs-on-chip) have emerged as a relevant technological platform enabling more predictive investigation of cell-cell and cell-ECM interplay in cancer, attracting a significant research effort in the last years. This review illustrates one decade of progress in the field of tumor-microenvironment-on-chip (TMOC) approaches, exploiting either cell-laden microfluidic chambers or microfluidic confined tumor spheroids to model the TME. TMOCs have been designed to recapitulate several aspects of the TME, including tumor cells, the tumor-associated stroma, the immune system, and the vascular component. Significantly, the last aspect has emerged for its pivotal role in orchestrating cellular interactions and modulating drug pharmacokinetics on-chip. A further advancement has been represented by integration of TMOCs into multi-organ microphysiological systems, with the final aim to follow the metastatic cascade to target organs and to study the effects of chemotherapies at a systemic level. We highlight that the increased degree of complexity achieved by the most advanced TMOC models has enabled scientists to shed new light on the role of microenvironmental factors in tumor progression, metastatic cascade, and response to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Giannitelli
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Peluzzi
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Raniolo
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Roscilli
- Takis s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Trombetta
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - P Mozetic
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - A Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Fritschen A, Lindner N, Scholpp S, Richthof P, Dietz J, Linke P, Guttenberg Z, Blaeser A. High-Scale 3D-Bioprinting Platform for the Automated Production of Vascularized Organs-on-a-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304028. [PMID: 38511587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting possesses the potential to revolutionize contemporary methodologies for fabricating tissue models employed in pharmaceutical research and experimental investigations. This is enhanced by combining bioprinting with advanced organs-on-a-chip (OOCs), which includes a complex arrangement of multiple cell types representing organ-specific cells, connective tissue, and vasculature. However, both OOCs and bioprinting so far demand a high degree of manual intervention, thereby impeding efficiency and inhibiting scalability to meet technological requirements. Through the combination of drop-on-demand bioprinting with robotic handling of microfluidic chips, a print procedure is achieved that is proficient in managing three distinct tissue models on a chip within only a minute, as well as capable of consecutively processing numerous OOCs without manual intervention. This process rests upon the development of a post-printing sealable microfluidic chip, that is compatible with different types of 3D-bioprinters and easily connected to a perfusion system. The capabilities of the automized bioprint process are showcased through the creation of a multicellular and vascularized liver carcinoma model on the chip. The process achieves full vascularization and stable microvascular network formation over 14 days of culture time, with pronounced spheroidal cell growth and albumin secretion of HepG2 serving as a representative cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fritschen
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nils Lindner
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholpp
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Richthof
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Dietz
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Linke
- ibidi GmbH, Lochhamer Schlag 11, 82166, Gräfelfing, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Blaeser
- BioMedical Printing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Mohapatra O, Gopu M, Ashraf R, Easo George J, Patil S, Mukherjee R, Kumar S, Mampallil D. Spheroids formation in large drops suspended in superhydrophobic paper cones. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:024107. [PMID: 38606014 PMCID: PMC11006428 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of 3D cell culture for spheroid formation holds significant implications in cancer research, contributing to a fundamental understanding of the disease and aiding drug development. Conventional methods such as the hanging drop technique and other alternatives encounter limitations due to smaller drop volumes, leading to nutrient starvation and restricted culture duration. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to creating superhydrophobic paper cones capable of accommodating large volumes of culture media drops. These paper cones have sterility, autoclavability, and bacterial repellent properties. Leveraging these attributes, we successfully generate large spheroids of ovarian cancer cells and, as a proof of concept, conduct drug screening to assess the impact of carboplatin. Thus, our method enables the preparation of flexible superhydrophobic surfaces for laboratory applications in an expeditious manner, exemplified here through spheroid formation and drug screening demonstrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Mohapatra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Maheshwar Gopu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Rahail Ashraf
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Jijo Easo George
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Saniya Patil
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Raju Mukherjee
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Dileep Mampallil
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Mangalam P.O., 517507 Tirupati, AP, India
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10
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Regeenes R, Rocheleau JV. Twenty years of islet-on-a-chip: microfluidic tools for dissecting islet metabolism and function. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1327-1350. [PMID: 38277011 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are metabolically active micron-sized tissues responsible for controlling blood glucose through the secretion of insulin and glucagon. A loss of functional islet mass results in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Islet-on-a-chip devices are powerful microfluidic tools used to trap and study living ex vivo human and murine pancreatic islets and potentially stem cell-derived islet organoids. Devices developed over the past twenty years offer the ability to treat islets with controlled and dynamic microenvironments to mimic in vivo conditions and facilitate diabetes research. In this review, we explore the various islet-on-a-chip devices used to immobilize islets, regulate the microenvironment, and dynamically detect islet metabolism and insulin secretion. We first describe and assess the various methods used to immobilize islets including chambers, dam-walls, and hydrodynamic traps. We subsequently describe the surrounding methods used to create glucose gradients, enhance the reaggregation of dispersed islets, and control the microenvironment of stem cell-derived islet organoids. We focus on the various methods used to measure insulin secretion including capillary electrophoresis, droplet microfluidics, off-chip ELISAs, and on-chip fluorescence anisotropy immunoassays. Additionally, we delve into the various multiparametric readouts (NAD(P)H, Ca2+-activity, and O2-consumption rate) achieved primarily by adopting a microscopy-compatible optical window into the devices. By critical assessment of these advancements, we aim to inspire the development of new devices by the microfluidics community and accelerate the adoption of islet-on-a-chip devices by the wider diabetes research and clinical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romario Regeenes
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan V Rocheleau
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Hu C, Yang S, Zhang T, Ge Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Pu Y, Liang G. Organoids and organoids-on-a-chip as the new testing strategies for environmental toxicology-applications & advantages. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108415. [PMID: 38309193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
An increasing number of harmful environmental factors are causing serious impacts on human health, and there is an urgent need to accurately identify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these harmful environmental factors. However, traditional toxicity test methods (e.g., animal models and cell lines) often fail to provide accurate results. Fortunately, organoids differentiated from stem cells can more accurately, sensitively and specifically reflect the effects of harmful environmental factors on the human body. They are also suitable for specific studies and are frequently used in environmental toxicology nowadays. As a combination of organoids and organ-on-a-chip technology, organoids-on-a-chip has great potential in environmental toxicology. It is more controllable to the physicochemical microenvironment and is not easy to be contaminated. It has higher homogeneity in the size and shape of organoids. In addition, it can achieve vascularization and exchange the nutrients and metabolic wastes in time. Multi-organoids-chip can also simulate the interactions of different organs. These advantages can facilitate better function and maturity of organoids, which can also make up for the shortcomings of common organoids to a certain extent. This review firstly discussed the limitations of traditional toxicology testing platforms, leading to the introduction of new platforms: organoids and organoids-on-a-chip. Next, the applications of different organoids and organoids-on-a-chip in environmental toxicology were summarized and prospected. Since the advantages of the new platforms have not been sufficiently considered in previous literature, we particularly emphasized them. Finally, this review also summarized the opportunities and challenges faced by organoids and organoids-on-a-chip, with the expectation that readers will gain a deeper understanding of their value in the field of environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Yiling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Arutyunyan I, Jumaniyazova E, Makarov A, Fatkhudinov T. In Vitro Models of Head and Neck Cancer: From Primitive to Most Advanced. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1575. [PMID: 38003890 PMCID: PMC10672510 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades now, researchers have been trying to answer the demand of clinical oncologists to create an ideal preclinical model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that is accessible, reproducible, and relevant. Over the past years, the development of cellular technologies has naturally allowed us to move from primitive short-lived primary 2D cell cultures to complex patient-derived 3D models that reproduce the cellular composition, architecture, mutational, or viral load of native tumor tissue. Depending on the tasks and capabilities, a scientific laboratory can choose from several types of models: primary cell cultures, immortalized cell lines, spheroids or heterospheroids, tissue engineering models, bioprinted models, organoids, tumor explants, and histocultures. HNSCC in vitro models make it possible to screen agents with potential antitumor activity, study the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to its progression and metastasis, determine the prognostic significance of individual biomarkers (including using genetic engineering methods), study the effect of viral infection on the pathogenesis of the disease, and adjust treatment tactics for a specific patient or groups of patients. Promising experimental results have created a scientific basis for the registration of several clinical studies using HNSCC in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Arutyunyan
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.); (A.M.); (T.F.)
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Enar Jumaniyazova
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.); (A.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Andrey Makarov
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.); (A.M.); (T.F.)
- Histology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.); (A.M.); (T.F.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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Rodríguez CF, Andrade-Pérez V, Vargas MC, Mantilla-Orozco A, Osma JF, Reyes LH, Cruz JC. Breaking the clean room barrier: exploring low-cost alternatives for microfluidic devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176557. [PMID: 37180035 PMCID: PMC10172592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses both science and engineering, which aims to design and fabricate devices capable of manipulating extremely low volumes of fluids on a microscale level. The central objective of microfluidics is to provide high precision and accuracy while using minimal reagents and equipment. The benefits of this approach include greater control over experimental conditions, faster analysis, and improved experimental reproducibility. Microfluidic devices, also known as labs-on-a-chip (LOCs), have emerged as potential instruments for optimizing operations and decreasing costs in various of industries, including pharmaceutical, medical, food, and cosmetics. However, the high price of conventional prototypes for LOCs devices, generated in clean room facilities, has increased the demand for inexpensive alternatives. Polymers, paper, and hydrogels are some of the materials that can be utilized to create the inexpensive microfluidic devices covered in this article. In addition, we highlighted different manufacturing techniques, such as soft lithography, laser plotting, and 3D printing, that are suitable for creating LOCs. The selection of materials and fabrication techniques will depend on the specific requirements and applications of each individual LOC. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous alternatives for the development of low-cost LOCs to service industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Camila Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Luis H. Reyes, ; Juan C. Cruz,
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Luis H. Reyes, ; Juan C. Cruz,
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