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Srinivas S, Senthil Kumar A. Electrical Wiring of Malarial Parasite Intermediate Hematin on a Tailored N-Doped Carbon Nanomaterial Surface and Its Bioelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction and Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10634-10647. [PMID: 38723623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Hematin, an iron-containing porphyrin compound, plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including oxygen transport, storage, and functionality of the malarial parasite. Specifically, hematin-Fe interacts with the nitrogen atom of antimalarial drugs, forming an intermediate step crucial for their function. The electron transfer functionality of hematin in biological systems has been scarcely investigated. In this study, we developed a biomimicking electrical wiring of hematin-Fe with a model N-drug system, represented as {hematin-Fe---N-drug}. We achieved this by immobilizing hematin on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/N-graphene quantum dot (N-GQD) modified electrode (MWCNT/N-GQD@Hemat). N-GQD serves as a model molecular drug system containing nitrogen atoms to mimic the {hematin-Fe---N-drug} interaction. The prepared bioelectrode exhibited a distinct redox peak at a measured potential (E1/2) of -0.410 V vs Ag/AgCl, accompanied by a surface excess value of 3.54 × 10-9 mol cm-2. This observation contrasts significantly with the weak or electroinactive electrochemical responses documented in literature-based hematin systems. We performed a comprehensive set of physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations on the MWCNT/N-GQD@Hemat system, employing techniques including FESEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and AFM. To evaluate the biomimetic electrode's electroactivity, we investigated the selective-mediated reduction of H2O2 as a model system. As an important aspect of our research, we demonstrated the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy to visualize the in situ electron transfer reaction of the biomimicking electrode. In an independent study, we showed enzyme-less electrocatalytic reduction and selective electrocatalytic sensing of H2O2 with a detection limit of 319 nM. We achieved this using a batch injection analysis-coupled disposable screen-printed electrode system in physiological solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Srinivas
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore 632014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore 632014, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
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Raeisi-Kheirabadi N, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Aghaei H. Cyclic and Linear Sweep Voltammetric Studies of a Modified Carbon Paste Electrode with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles toward Tamoxifen: Effects of Surface Modification on Electrode Response Kinetics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31413-31423. [PMID: 36092618 PMCID: PMC9454271 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the serious adverse futures of some anticancer drugs, the determination of trace amounts of these drugs by simple analytical techniques is of great interest. In this regard, knowing about the mechanism of the analyte with the sensing material plays an important role. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) modified by a carbon paste electrode (NiO-CPE) showed an irreversible cyclic voltammetric (CV) behavior in the NaOH (pH 13) supporting electrolyte based on the peak separation of 311 mV. Its peak current was decreased by adding tamoxifen (TAM), confirming that TAM molecules can consume NiO before participating in the electrode reaction. For this goal, TAM can be oxidized or reduced, and the corresponding mechanisms are schematically illustrated in the text. This study focused on the kinetic aspects of the process. Based on the CV results, a surface coverage (Γ) value of 2.72 × 10-5 mol NiO per cm2 was obtained with charge transfer coefficients αa and αc of 0.317 and 0.563, respectively. αa and αc values were changed to 0.08 and 0.72 in the presence of TAM. Further, the rate constant (k s) value was 0.021 ± 0.01 s-1 in the presence of TAM. In linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), an α value of about 0.636 ± 0.023 and an exchange rate constant (k o) value of about 0.097 ± 0.031 s-1 were obtained in the absence of TAM, which changed to 0.62 ± 0.081 and 0.089 ± 0.021 s-1 in the presence of TAM, respectively. Despite more published papers, when the TAM analyte was added to the NaOH supporting electrolyte, both anodic and cathodic peak currents of the modified NiO-CPE decreased. We suggested some reasons for this decreased peak current, and four mechanisms were illustrated for the electrode response in the presence of TAM.
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Mohan JM, Amreen K, Javed A, Dubey SK, Goel S. Miniaturized 3D printed electrochemical platform with optimized Fibrous carbon electrode for non-interfering hypochlorite sensing. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134915. [PMID: 35568213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technology based electrochemical device can provide ease of fabrication, cost effectiveness, rapid detection and lower limit of detection. Herein, a novel, customized, portable and inexpensive 3D printed electrochemical device, has been presented. Fibrous carbon Toray paper, deposited with gold nanoparticles through electrodeposition, used as a working electrode which Further device was tested with 1 mM sodium hypochlorite using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) in 0.1 M PBS. Hypochlorite has a pivotal role in supporting the growing chemical and paper industries and finds diverse uses in several clinical applications. It is primarily used for disinfecting food, water and surfaces. The scan rate study was carried out from 20 mVs-1 to 250 mVs-1 using cyclic voltammetry technique. The diffusion coefficient obtained from scan rate effect was 1.39 × 10-6 cm2s-1. The concentration range was evaluated with SWV technique, in a linear range of 0.6 μM-40 μM, with a detection limit of 0.7 μM. The device was further analyzed to ensure non-interference from co-existing chemicals like sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite. Real sample analysis was done with sea, artificial sea and tap water with impressive recovery values. In summary, the developed working electrode can be customized and modified based on testing analyte; thus, the proposed device can be used for various other biochemical analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaligam Murali Mohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Khairunnisa Amreen
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Arshad Javed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Satish Kumar Dubey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- MEMS, Microfluidics and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India.
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Kumar AS, Mageswari GV, Nisha S, Nellepalli P, Vijayakrishna K. Molecular orientation and dynamics of ferricyanide ion-bearing copoly(ionic liquid) modified glassy carbon electrode towards selective mediated oxidation reaction of cysteine versus ascorbic acid: A biomimicking enzyme functionality. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Márquez I, Olloqui-Sariego JL, Molero M, Andreu R, Roldán E, Calvente JJ. Active Role of the Buffer in the Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of Immobilized Iron Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:42-54. [PMID: 32568550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the proton-coupled electron transfer thermodynamics of immobilized hemin is challenging due to the disparity of its electrochemical titration curves reported in the literature. Deviations from the one-electron, one-proton transfer at circumneutral pHs have been commonly ascribed to either the formation of dimeric species or the ionization of a second iron-bound water molecule. Herein, however, we report on non-idealities in the more acidic region, whose onset and extent vary with the nature and concentration of the commonly used phosphate and acetate buffers. It is shown that these deviations originate in the ligand-exchange binding between the oxidized aquo-hemin complex and the anionic components of the buffer, so that they are restricted to the pH interval where these forms coexist. A stepwise approach was developed to quantify unambiguously the apparent and intrinsic binding equilibrium constants. The apparent binding equilibrium constant exhibits a peak-shaped pH dependence, whose maximum is located at approximately the midpoint between the pKa of the iron-bound water and the first pKa of the buffer, and its magnitude is greater for the phosphate than for the acetate buffer. But strikingly, the opposite trend was found for the magnitude of the intrinsic binding equilibrium constants determined from the apparent ones, due to the different relative locations of the phosphoric and acetic pKa values with respect to that of the oxidized aquo-hemin. To probe the role of the heme propionic residues, a similar study was carried out with a propionic-free iron porphyrin containing eight ethyl residues. These substituents decrease the acidity of the iron-bound water, strengthen the iron(III)-acetate binding, weaken the iron(III)-dihydrogen phosphate binding, and enable the binding between iron(III) and monohydrogen phosphate, which was hampered in hemin by the presence of the negatively charged propionate residues. Overall, this work provides a more complete speciation of immobilized iron porphyrins under acidic conditions than previously considered, showing the substitutional lability of the aqua ligand in the oxidized state of the iron center and the reluctance of its hydroxyl counterpart to anion exchange. Knowledge of these redox- and pH-dependent bindings with the buffer components is crucial for a rigorous quantification of the proton-coupled electron transfer and the electrocatalytic activity of iron porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Márquez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Olloqui-Sariego
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Molero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Andreu
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Roldán
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan José Calvente
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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High-valent ruthenium(IV)-oxo complex stabilized mesoporous carbon (graphitized)/nafion modified electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in neutral pH. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ji J, Ro S, Kwon Y. Membraneless biofuel cells using new cathodic catalyst including hemin bonded with amine functionalized carbon nanotube and glucose oxidase sandwiched by poly(dimethyl-diallylammonium chloride). J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Govindasamy M, Wang SF, Kumaravel S, Ramalingam RJ, Al-Lohedan HA. Facile synthesis of copper sulfide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high sensitive detection of toxic antibiotic in milk. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 52:382-390. [PMID: 30594521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of an effective technique for detecting antibiotic drugs remains a serious task due to their toxicity to public health. For this purpose, herein, we report an electrochemical detection based on Cu2S nanosphere decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO@Cu2S NC) nanocomposite. A sonochemical-assisted method was adopted to prepare the nanocomposite. Subsequently, its morphological, elemental, and crystal structural aspects were analysed. The electrochemical properties were examined in order to ensure the material's suitability in electrocatalytic sensing. RGO@Cu2S NC affixed screen-printed electrode was found to exhibit tremendous electrocatalytic capability toward chloramphenicol (CAP) reduction. A sensitive and reproducible amperometric CAP sensor was fabricated which was able to detect concentration at the nanomolar level. The method worked well even in real samples (fresh milk samples) and the results are evaluated by HPLC method and amperometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Govindasamy
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Sea-Fue Wang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Sakthivel Kumaravel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - R Jothi Ramalingam
- Surfactant Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Surfactant Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Saravanan N, Mayuri P, Senthil Kumar A. Improved Electrical Wiring of Glucose Oxidase Enzyme with an in-Situ Immobilized Mn(1,10-Phenanthroline) 2Cl 2-Complex/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrode Displaying Superior Performance to Os-Complex for High-Current Sensitivity Bioelectrocatalytic and Biofuel Cell Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1758-1767. [PMID: 34996224 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The search for a new and efficient transducer that can electrically connect enzyme active sites, like flavin adenine dinucleotide in glucose oxidase (GOx), with the electrode surface is a cutting-edge research area. Currently, Os(bpy)-complex pendent polyvinylpyridine/polyvinyl imidazole/pyridinium hydrogel based chemically modified electrodes have been widely used for this purpose (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Herein, we report, a [Mn2III(phen)4(O)(Cl)2]2+ complex/Nafion-immobilized carboxylic acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/f-MWCNT@Mn2(Phen)4O(Cl)2-Nf, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), prepared by an in-situ electrochemical method using the precursor, Mn(phen)2Cl2, as an efficient and low cost alternate to the Os-complex transducer, for the glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) based bio-electro-catalytic system. The existence of the key active site, [Mn2III(phen)4(O)(Cl)2]2+, on the modified electrode was confirmed by physicochemical characterizations using transmission electron microscope, Raman, infrared, and UV-vis spectroscopes and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry techniques. The Mn-complex modified electrode showed a redox peak at E°' = 0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl in neutral solution with a surface excess (ΓMn) value of 5.6 × 10-9 mol cm-2. The GOx enzyme bioanode prepared by adsorbing GOx on the Mn-complex modified electrode has shown an efficient bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose with a Tafel slope value of 111 mV dec-1. Amperometric i-t analysis of glucose showed a calibration plot in a linear range of 50-550 μM and with current sensitivity of 316.7 μA mM-1 cm-2. The current sensitivity value obtained here is about 2-80 000 times higher than that of the Os(bpy)-complex based transducers used for GOx based bio-electro-catalytic applications. Utilizing this new bioanode system along with a Pt-based oxygen reduction electrode, a new biofuel cell was constructed and achieved a power density value 7.5 μW cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Saravanan
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore-632 014, India
| | - Pinapeddavari Mayuri
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore-632 014, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore-632 014, India.,Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore-632 014, India
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Bennett JA, Miller DP, Simpson SM, Rodriguez M, Zurek E. Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy and First-Principles Calculations of Ferriprotoporphyrin Adsorption and Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11335-11346. [PMID: 30157638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and subsequent electrooxidative polymerization of ferriprotoporphyrin IX chloride (hemin; FePPCl) was investigated on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, glassy carbon, and polycrystalline Pt electrodes using electrochemical atomic force microscopy, first-principles calculations, and cyclic voltammetry. Hemin was shown to readily adsorb to all three surfaces; however, it was more continuous over the carbon surfaces compared to the Pt surface. This disparity in adsorption appears to be a major contributing factor to differences observed between the electrodes following hemin electropolymerization. Despite differences in roughness and morphology, hemin polymerized as a continuous layer over each electrode surface. Periodic density functional theory calculations were used to model FePP (without Cl) on both the Pt(111) and graphite surfaces using the vdW-DF-optPBE functional to account for the dispersion interactions. Our calculations suggest that the FePP molecule chemisorbs to the Pt surface while at the same time exhibiting intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acid groups, which are extended away from the surface. In contrast to FePP-Pt chemisorption, FePP was found to physisorb to graphite. The preferred spin state upon adsorption was found to be S = 2 on Pt(111), whereas on graphite, the high and intermediate spin states were nearly isoenergetic. Additionally, gas-phase calculations suggest that much of the surface roughness observed microscopically for the polymerized porphyrin layer may originate from the nonparallel stacking of porphyrin molecules, which interact with each other by forming four intermolecular hydrogen bonds and through dispersion interactions between the stacked porphyrin rings. Regardless of polymer thickness, the underlying electrode appears to be able to participate in at least some redox processes. This was observed for the hemin-polymerized Pt electrode using the 2H+/H2 redox couple and was suspected to be due to some Pt surface atoms not being specifically coordinated to the hemin molecules and therefore available to react with H+ that was small enough to diffuse through the polymer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bennett
- School of Science , Penn State Behrend , 4205 College Drive , Erie , Pennsylvania 16563 , United States
| | - Daniel P Miller
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Scott M Simpson
- Department of Chemistry , St. Bonaventure University , St. Bonaventure , New York 14778 , United States
| | - Marcela Rodriguez
- School of Science , Penn State Behrend , 4205 College Drive , Erie , Pennsylvania 16563 , United States
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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