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Sanders SL, Douglas LD, Sill TE, Stewart K, Pieniazek N, Li C, Walters E, Al-Hashimi M, Fang L, Davidson RD, Banerjee S. Tetrapodal textured Janus textiles for accessible menstrual health. iScience 2023; 26:108224. [PMID: 38107878 PMCID: PMC10725076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Menstruating individuals without access to adequate hygiene products often improvise with alternatives that pose health risks and limit their participation in society. We describe here a menstrual hygiene product based on low-cost materials, which are integrated onto fabrics to imbue unidirectional permeability. A body-facing "Janus" fabric top layer comprising ZnO tetrapods spray-coated onto polyester mosquito netting imparts hierarchical texturation, augmenting the micron-scale texturation derived from the weave of the underlying fabric. The asymmetric coating establishes a gradient in wettability, which underpins flash spreading and unidirectional permeability. The hygiene product accommodates a variety of absorptive media, which are sandwiched between the Janus layer and a second outward-facing coated densely woven fabric. An assembled prototype demonstrates outstanding ability to wick saline solutions and a menstrual fluid simulant while outperforming a variety of commercially alternatives. The results demonstrate a versatile menstrual health product that provides a combination of dryness, discretion, washability, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Lacey D. Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Tiffany E. Sill
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Kaylyn Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Noah Pieniazek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Eve Walters
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | | | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
| | - Rachel D. Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
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2
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Öhrn O, Sykam K, Gawusu S, Mensah RA, Försth M, Shanmugam V, Karthik Babu NB, Sas G, Jiang L, Xu Q, Restás Á, Das O. Surface coated ZnO powder as flame retardant for wood: A short communication. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165290. [PMID: 37406703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the ability of a coating of zinc oxide (ZnO) powder to improve the fire-safety of wood exposed to radiative heat flux was examined, focusing on the ignition time of the wood. To test ZnO's efficiency on the wood substrate, two different amounts of ZnO (0.5 and 1 g ZnO per dm2) were applied to the wood surface and exposed to radiative heat from a cone calorimeter wherein a pristine piece of wood with no ZnO treatment was taken as control. The experiments were conducted at three different irradiation levels i.e., 20, 35, and 50 kWm-2. The results showed that applying ZnO on the surface of the wood significantly increased the ignition time (TTI). For the three different heat fluxes, using 0.5 g ZnO per dm2 coating on the wood surface increased the TTI by 26-33 %. Furthermore, the application of 1 g of ZnO per dm2 generated a TTI increment of 37-40 %. All three irradiation levels showed similar trends in TTI. The micrographs taken before and after combustion showed no significant disparity in the morphology of ZnO. The agglomerated ZnO particles on the wood surface remained intact after combustion. This study demonstrates a facile method of using ZnO to delay the ignition of wood. This could potentially impart fire-safety to wooden structures/façades in wildland-urban interfaces and elsewhere by reducing flame spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Öhrn
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sidique Gawusu
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Michael Försth
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Vigneshwaran Shanmugam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N B Karthik Babu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Energy Institute, A Centre of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Sivasagar 785697, India
| | - Gabriel Sas
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ágoston Restás
- Department of Fire Protection and Rescue Control, National University of Public Service, 1011, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oisik Das
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden.
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3
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Mohammadipour-Nodoushan R, Shekarriz S, Shariatinia Z, Heydari A, Montazer M. Improved cotton fabrics properties using zinc oxide-based nanomaterials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124916. [PMID: 37276903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained significant attention in the textile industry for their ability to enhance the physicochemical properties of fabrics. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the development of ZnO-based nanomaterials and their applications for cotton and other fabrics. This review paper provides an overview of the synthesis and diverse applications of ZnO-based nanomaterials for textile fabrics, including protection against UV irradiation, bacteria, fungi, microwave, electromagnetic radiation, water, and fire. Furthermore, the study offers the potential of these materials in energy harvesting applications, such as wearable pressure sensors, piezoelectric nanogenerators, supercapacitors, and human energy harvesting. Additionally, we discuss the potential of ZnO-based nanomaterials for environmental cleaning, including water, oil, and solid cleaning. The current research in this area has focused on various materials used to prepare ZnO-based nanocomposites, such as metals/nonmetals, semiconductors, metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers, MXene, metal-organic frameworks, and layered double hydroxides. The findings of this review highlight the potential of ZnO-based nanomaterials to improve the performance of textile fabrics in a range of applications, and the importance of continued research in this field to further advance the development and use of ZnO-based nanomaterials in the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Mohammadipour-Nodoushan
- Color and Polymer Research Centre, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shekarriz
- Color and Polymer Research Centre, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shariatinia
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Heydari
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Majid Montazer
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 15875-4413 Tehran, Iran
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4
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Vishwakarma A, Singh M, Weclawski B, Reddy VJ, Kandola BK, Manik G, Dasari A, Chattopadhyay S. Construction of hydrophobic fire retardant coating on cotton fabric using a layer-by-layer spray coating method. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1653-1666. [PMID: 36354078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional cotton fabric was prepared through a two-step layer-by-layer spray coating method, where the first layer of the coating comprising chitosan and ammonium phytate provided fire retardancy, and the second one with PDMS-ZnO composite imparted hydrophobicity to the fabric. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was carried out to calculate interfacial adhesion of different components of the coating, based on which the sequencing of the coating layers was determined and used to prepare coated samples. The coated fabric demonstrated a significant improvement in fire retardancy through an increase in LOI from 18 % in control to 30 %, a reduction in char length from 30 cm to 7 cm, and a decrease in peak and total heat release rate values by 75 % and 33 %, respectively. The hydrophobicity of coated fabric was tested via water drop test where coated sample maintained a contact angle of 148° for up to 120 s, while the control sample showed 0°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vishwakarma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Bartosz Weclawski
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK
| | | | - Baljinder K Kandola
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK.
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Aravind Dasari
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (Blk. N4.1), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639789, Singapore
| | - Sujay Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India.
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5
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Guo S, Xu J, Ni X. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of a New Pentaerythritol-Derived Flame Retardant Used in Polyamide 66. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12887-12897. [PMID: 34056440 PMCID: PMC8154225 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A melting phosphorous-based flame retardant (FR) named as diphenyl phosphoryl (DPP)-PEPA is synthesized from 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo-(2.2.2)-octane-4-methanol (PEPA) and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride. The melting DPP-PEPA FR possesses high thermostability with T 5wt% at 344 °C, which can match the melt-spinning of engineering plastics at high temperatures. The structure of DPP-PEPA is defined by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectrometry. The influences of DPP-PEPA on polyamide 6,6 (PA66) are assessed in terms of rheology parameters and crystallinity. It is observed that the flame retardancy of PA66 is greatly improved when DPP-PEPA is added to the PA66 resin. The results show that the modified PA66 has limited oxygen index as high as 29.4%, and the compact char layers are obviously formed on top of the burned samples. As compared to the pure PA66, the peak heat release rate and the average effective heat of combustion are decreased by 26.5 and 19.3%, respectively. It is obtained that the value of flame retardancy index is 1.4, indicating high efficiency of the entire flame retardancy. Moreover, pyrolysis of DPP-PEPA is carried out at different temperatures for identifying gaseous products and types of flame retardancy.
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6
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A novel synthesis of ditrimethylolpropane biphosphoramide diethyleneamine as flame retardant and antistatic textiles. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Liu W, Shi R, Zhang Z, Ge X, Li P, Chen X. Facile Strategy to Fabricate the Flame Retardant Polyamide 66 Fabric Modified with an Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9122-9133. [PMID: 33591163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, traditional flame retardant finishing with a single metal compound has been rarely applied owing to its low effectiveness and durability. This study reports metal ion finishing in combination with surface photografting modification (M/P technology) as a novel approach to incorporate an inorganic-organic hybrid structure containing an Fe3+ ion onto the surface of the polyamide (PA) 66 fabric. Specifically, the PA fabric was first surface-modified in the presence of acrylic acid (AA) and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAAn) during photografting pretreatment under UV irradiation (step I), then further reacted with the Fe3+ ion in the metal ion finishing (step II). After treatment with M/P technology, the fabric exhibits the required excellent flame retardancy and dripping resistance. Here, flame retardant tests show that the treated PA fabric has the highest limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.4 and no melt dripping during combustion. An interesting inorganic/organic composite thermal barrier consisting of an inorganic iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) outer layer and an organic micro-intumescent inner layer can be observed on the surface of the burnt fabric. This structure could be responsible for the significant enhancement in the fire performance of the treated fabric. Importantly, the treated fabric is also highly stable during the laundering procedure, which could retain a high Fe/C ratio and an acceptable LOI value of 27.8 after washing 45 times. This confirms the achievement of durable flame retardancy after treatment with M/P technology, and its possible interaction mechanism has been discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Zejiang Zhang
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Xinguo Ge
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Pingli Li
- Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Xiaosui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Noman MT, Petrů M. Functional Properties of Sonochemically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Cotton Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1661. [PMID: 32854195 PMCID: PMC7557743 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) were synthesized, deposited, and successfully used for surface modification of cotton to enhance antimicrobial properties. An in situ ultrasonic acoustic method was applied to anchor nZnO on cotton. The results of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of nZnO on cotton. A homogenous distribution of nZnO with an average particle size 27.4 nm was found during the analysis of results. Antimicrobial performance of cotton-nZnO (C-nZnO) composites was evaluated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes. The deposited amount of nZnO on C-nZnO composites was determined by volumetric titration through inductive couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. C-nZnO composites showed excellent antimicrobial performance especially against both Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli. The durability and stability of C-nZnO composites were tested against leaching and washing. No significant fluctuation was found on deposited amount of nZnO before and after washing test for optimized sample. The results demonstrate that synthesized C-nZnO composite samples can be used as an alternative for antimicrobial bandages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Noman
- Department of Machinery Construction, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic;
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9
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Anbalagan A, Gupta S, kumar A, Haw SC, Kulkarni SS, Tai NH, Tseng FG, Hwang KC, Lee CH. Gamma Ray Irradiation Enhances the Linkage of Cotton Fabrics Coated with ZnO Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15129-15135. [PMID: 32637785 PMCID: PMC7331028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aim to study zinc oxide (ZnO)-based functional materials over cotton fabrics and their effects after gamma ray exposure of 9 kGy. We found that the binding of the nanoparticles with cotton fabrics can be enhanced after irradiation. This could be due to the oxygen deficiency or defects created in the interface between ZnO and cotton fabrics after irradiation. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to detect the oxygen inadequacies generated in the interior and at the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles after gamma ray exposure. XPS results showed that the binding energy of Zn shifts by 2 eV at 1.5 kGy and by 4 eV at 9 kGy. This huge shift of about 4 eV is completely different from other works due to the reaction that takes place on the interface between ZnO nanostructures and cotton fabrics after gamma ray irradiation. Overall, this work suggests that after gamma ray irradiation, there is an enhanced level of binding between the coated functional nanoparticles and cotton fabrics, which can be advantageous for the textile industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin
kumar Anbalagan
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ashish kumar
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chih Haw
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | | | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute
of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Nageswara Rao T, Naidu TM, Kim MS, Parvatamma B, Prashanthi Y, Heun Koo B. Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E42. [PMID: 31878012 PMCID: PMC7022803 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by a precipitation method, and a new charring-foaming agent (CFA) N-ethanolamine triazine-piperazine, melamine polymer (ETPMP) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction by using cyanuric chloride, ethanolamine, piperazine, and melamine as precursor molecules. FTIR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies were employed to characterize and confirm the synthesized ETPMP structure. New intumescent flame retardant epoxy coating compositions were prepared by adding ammonium polyphosphate (APP), ETPMP, and ZnO NPs into an epoxy resin. APP and ETPMP were fixed in a 2:1 w/w ratio and used as an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. ZnO NPs were loaded as a synergistic agent in different amounts into the IFR coating system. The synergistic effects of ZnO NPs on IFR coatings were systematically evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, vertical burning tests (UL-94 V), TGA, cone calorimeter tests, and SEM. The obtained results revealed that a small amount of ZnO NPs significantly increased the LOI values of the IFR coating and these coatings had a V-0 ratings in UL-94 V tests. From the TGA data, it is clear that the addition of ZnO NPs could change the thermal degradation behaviors of coatings with increasing char residue percentage at high temperatures. Cone calorimeter data reported that ZnO NPs could decrease the combustion parameters including peak heat release rates (PHRRs), and total heat release (THR) rates. The SEM results showed that ZnO NPs could enhance the strength and the compactness of the intumescent char, which restricted the flow of heat and oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tentu Nageswara Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.N.R.); (M.S.K.)
| | - T. Manohra Naidu
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Min Soo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.N.R.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Botsa Parvatamma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gayathri P.G Courses, Gotlam, Vizianagaram, AP 535003, India;
| | - Y. Prashanthi
- Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda 508254, Telangana, India;
| | - Bon Heun Koo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongnam, Korea; (T.N.R.); (M.S.K.)
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Abstract
The use of ZnO for the functionalization of textile substrates is growing rapidly, since it can provide unique multifunctional properties, such as photocatalytic self-cleaning, antimicrobial activity, UV protection, flame retardancy, thermal insulation and moisture management, hydrophobicity, and electrical conductivity. This paper aims to review the recent progress in the fabrication of ZnO-functionalized textiles, with an emphasis on understanding the specificity and mechanisms of ZnO action that impart individual properties to the textile fibers. The most common synthesis and application processes of ZnO to textile substrates are summarized. The influence of ZnO concentration, particle size and shape on ZnO functionality is presented. The importance of doping and coupling procedures to enhance ZnO performance is highlighted. The need to use binding and seeding agents to increase the durability of ZnO coatings is expressed. In addition to functional properties, the cytotoxicity of ZnO coatings is also discussed. Future directions in the use of ZnO for textile functionalization are identified as well.
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12
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Tuning crystallization and morphology of zinc oxide with polyvinylpyrrolidone: Formation mechanisms and antimicrobial activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 546:43-52. [PMID: 30903808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles with different shapes and sizes have been previously reported to possess unique optical, electrical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties. Capping agents are routinely used to control particle morphologies; however, few studies have evaluated the influence of capping agents on the growth kinetics of ZnO particles of different shapes. Herein, we report a simple water-based chemical precipitation method to produce unique bowtie-, flower-, and nest-shaped ZnO particles using zinc nitrate and urea in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Three distinct particle morphologies are obtained by adjusting polymer concentration during synthesis. This approach is simple and could enable large-scale production of ZnO particles with diverse shapes. We monitor the morphological evolution of ZnO particles and, at different polymer concentrations, uncover the preferable PVP adsorption onto different ZnO facets that controls the growth directions of ZnO. Previous reports have demonstrated the influence of particle shape on ZnO antibacterial activity. In this study, we show that ZnO particles with these three morphologies exhibit similar bacterial killing efficacy towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Our detailed mechanistic studies suggest that the antibacterial mechanism of ZnO particles can be attributed to both Zn2+ release and oxidative stress, whereas shape plays only a minor role in the antibacterial activity of ZnO particles.
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