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El-Sayed A, Ebissy E, Ateya A. Positive impacts of Nannochloropsis oculata supplementation on gene expression of immune and antioxidant markers and metabolic profile of Barki sheep in the transition period and lipogenic effects on progeny. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10392-2. [PMID: 38702499 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis species should be given priority when it comes to microalgae that should be added to feed since they are suitable for intense culture and have a high concentration of PUFAs (especially EPA), antioxidants, and certain vitamins. This study investigated the possible immune and antioxidant impacts of Nannochloropsis supplementation on Barki ewes during transition period and their newly born lambs. Three weeks prior to the expected time of lambing, the researched ewes were divided into two equal groups of thirty ewes each. The second group, on the other hand, was fed the same base diet as the first group plus 10 g of commercially available Nannochloropsis powder per kg of concentrate, given daily to each ewe's concentrate. Findings revealed that supplementation of ewes with Nannochloropsis significantly up-regulated the expression pattern of immune (NFKB, RANTES, HMGB1, TNF-α, IRF4, TLR7, CLA-DRB3.2, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, S-LZ, and Cathelicidin), and antioxidant (SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GST, ATOX1, Nrf2 and AhpC/TSA) markers in ewes post-lambing and their newly born lambs. Additionally, mRNA levels of lipogenic (ACACA, FASN SCD, LPL, and BTN1A) markers were significantly up-regulated in lambs from supplemented ewes than control ones. There was a significant increase in the WBCs, Hb, RBc count, serum level of glucose, total protein, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, GPx, catalase, IL1α and IL6 with significantly decreased serum level of TNF-α and MDA in supplemented ewes after lambing as compared with control ones. There was also a significant increase in WBCs, Hb, RBc count, birth weight and body temperature with significantly decreased in the serum levels of TNF-α and stillbirth of newly born lambs from supplemented ewes as compared to other lambs from control ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Ebissy
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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2
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Fioretto L, Gallo C, Mercogliano M, Ziaco M, Nuzzo G, d'Ippolito G, Follero O, DellaGreca M, Giaccio P, Nittoli V, Ambrosino C, Sordino P, Soluri A, Soluri A, Massari R, D'Amelio M, De Palma R, Fontana A, Manzo E. BODIPY-Based Analogue of the TREM2-Binding Molecular Adjuvant Sulfavant A, a Chemical Tool for Imaging and Tracking Biological Systems. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3362-3372. [PMID: 38348659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we described synthetic sulfolipids named Sulfavants as a novel class of molecular adjuvants based on the sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol skeleton. The members of this family, Sulfavant A (1), Sulfavant R (2), and Sulfavant S (3), showed important effects on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-induced differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (hDC), through a novel cell mechanism underlying the regulation of the immune response. As these molecules are involved in biological TREM2-mediated processes crucial for cell survival, here, we report the synthesis and application of a fluorescent analogue of Sulfavant A bearing the 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene moiety (Me4-BODIPY). The fluorescent derivative, named PB-SULF A (4), preserving the biological activity of Sulfavants, opens the way to chemical biology and cell biology experiments to better understand the interactions with cellular and in vivo organ targets and to improve our comprehension of complex molecular mechanisms underlying the not fully understood ligand-induced TREM2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fioretto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Marcello Mercogliano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Olimpia Follero
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Giaccio
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Valeria Nittoli
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Sicily Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, via Consolare Pompea 29, 98167 Messina,Italy
| | - Alessandro Soluri
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso″, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soluri
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso″, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso″, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Clinica di Medicina Interna, Immunologia Clinica e Medicina Traslazionale, Ospedale San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova,Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II″, via Cinthia, Bldg.7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli , Italy
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3
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Barra G, Gallo C, Carbone D, Ziaco M, Dell'Isola M, Affuso M, Manzo E, Nuzzo G, Fioretto L, D'Ippolito G, De Palma R, Fontana A. The immunoregulatory effect of the TREM2-agonist Sulfavant A in human allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1050113. [PMID: 36865548 PMCID: PMC9972971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sulfavant A (SULF A) is a synthetic derivative of naturally occurring sulfolipids. The molecule triggers TREM2-related maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and has shown promising adjuvant activity in a cancer vaccine model. Methods the immunomodulatory activity of SULF A is tested in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay based on monocyte-derived dendritic cells and naïve T lymphocytes from human donors. Flow cytometry multiparametric analyses and ELISA assays were performed to characterize the immune populations, T cell proliferation, and to quantify key cytokines. Results Supplementation of 10 µg/mL SULF A to the co-cultures induced DCs to expose the costimulatory molecules ICOSL and OX40L and to reduce release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12. After 7 days of SULF A treatment, T lymphocytes proliferated more and showed increased IL-4 synthesis along with downregulation of Th1 signals such as IFNγ, T-bet and CXCR3. Consistent with these findings, naïve T cells polarized toward a regulatory phenotype with up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and IL-10 synthesis. Flow cytometry analysis also supported the priming of a CD127-/CD4+/CD25+ subpopulation positive for ICOS, the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4, and the activation marker CD69. Discussion These results prove that SULF A can modulate DC-T cell synapse and stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and activation. In the hyperresponsive and uncontrolled context of the allogeneic MLR, the effect is associated to differentiation of regulatory T cell subsets and dampening of inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Barra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Dalila Carbone
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Isola
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Affuso
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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Gallo C, Manzo E, Barra G, Fioretto L, Ziaco M, Nuzzo G, d'Ippolito G, Ferrera F, Contini P, Castiglia D, Angelini C, De Palma R, Fontana A. Sulfavant A as the first synthetic TREM2 ligand discloses a homeostatic response of dendritic cells after receptor engagement. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:369. [PMID: 35723745 PMCID: PMC9207826 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immune response arises from a fine balance of mechanisms that provide for surveillance, tolerance, and elimination of dangers. Sulfavant A (SULF A) is a sulfolipid with a promising adjuvant activity. Here we studied the mechanism of action of SULF A and addressed the identification of its molecular target in human dendritic cells (hDCs). METHODS Adjuvant effect and immunological response to SULF A were assessed on DCs derived from human donors. In addition to testing various reporter cells, target identification and downstream signalling was supported by a reverse pharmacology approach based on antibody blocking and gene silencing, crosstalk with TLR pathways, use of human allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. RESULTS SULF A binds to the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) and initiates an unconventional maturation of hDCs leading to enhanced migration activity and up-regulation of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules without release of conventional cytokines. This response involves the SYK-NFAT axis and is compromised by blockade or gene silencing of TREM2. Activation by SULF A preserved the DC functions to excite the allogeneic T cell response, and increased interleukin-10 release after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. CONCLUSION SULF A is the first synthetic small molecule that binds to TREM2. The receptor engagement drives differentiation of an unprecedented DC phenotype (homeDCs) that contributes to immune homeostasis without compromising lymphocyte activation and immunogenic response. This mechanism fully supports the adjuvant and immunoregulatory activity of SULF A. We also propose that the biological properties of SULF A can be of interest in various physiopathological mechanisms and therapies involving TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gallo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giusi Barra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- BioSearch Srl., Villa Comunale c/o Stazione Zoologica "A. Dohrn", 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16100, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Contini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16100, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Castiglia
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Institute for Applied Mathematics "Mauro Picone", National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16100, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Bio-Molecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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5
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Fioretto L, Ziaco M, Gallo C, Nuzzo G, d'Ippolito G, Lupetti P, Paccagnini E, Gentile M, DellaGreca M, Appavou MS, Paduano L, De Palma R, Fontana A, Manzo E. Direct evidence of the impact of aqueous self-assembly on biological behavior of amphiphilic molecules: The case study of molecular immunomodulators Sulfavants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:129-136. [PMID: 34933191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfavant A and Sulfavant R, sulfoquinovoside-glycerol lipids under study as vaccine adjuvants, structurally differ only for the configuration of glyceridic carbon, R/S and R respectively. The in vitro activity of these substances follows a bell-shaped dose-response curve, but Sulfavant A gave the best response around 20 µM, while Sulfavant R at 10 nM. Characterization of aqueous self-assembly of these molecules by a multi-technique approach clarified the divergent and controversial biological outcome. Supramolecular structures were present at concentrations much lower than critical aggregation concentration for both products. The kind and size of these aggregates varied as a function of the concentration differently for Sulfavant A and Sulfavant R. At nanomolar range, Sulfavant A formed cohesive vesicles, while Sulfavant R arranged in spherical micellar particles whose reduced stability was probably responsible for an increase of monomer concentration in accordance with immunomodulatory profile. Instead, at micromolar concentrations transition from micellar to vesicular state of Sulfavant R occurred and thermodynamic stability of the aggregates, assessed by surface tensiometry, correlated with the bioactivity of Sulfavant A at 20 µM and the complete loss of efficacy of Sulfavant R. The study of Sulfavants provides clear evidence of how self-aggregation, often neglected, and the equilibria between monomers and aqueous supramolecular forms of lipophilic molecules deeply determine the overall bio-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fioretto
- Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- BioSearch Srl., Villa Comunale c/o Stazione Zoologica "A. Dohrn" 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, San Miniato, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Paccagnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, San Miniato, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Gentile
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, San Miniato, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum, Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80136 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; Medicina Interna, Immunologia Clinica e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Genova and IRCCS-Ospedale S. Martino, 16131 Genova, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Biology, Via Cinthia - Bld. 7, 80126 -Napoli, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Silipo A, Vessella G, Iadonisi A. Solvent‐Free Glycosylation from per‐
O
‐Acylated Donors Catalyzed by Methanesulfonic Acid. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Via Cinthia 4 80126 Naples Italy
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7
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Natural Compounds of Marine Origin as Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD): Potential Role for Cancer Interception and Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020231. [PMID: 33504012 PMCID: PMC7912082 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) has always been considered a tolerogenic event. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurs as a consequence of tumour cell death accompanied by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering an immune response. ICD plays a major role in stimulating the function of the immune system in cancer during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ICD can therefore represent one of the routes to boost anticancer immune responses. According to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (2018), apoptosis (type I cell death) and necrosis (type II cell death) represent are not the only types of RCD, which also includes necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and others. Specific downstream signalling molecules and death-inducing stimuli can regulate distinct forms of ICD, which develop and promote the immune cell response. Dying cells deliver different potential immunogenic signals, such as DAMPs, which are able to stimulate the immune system. The acute exposure of DAMPs can prime antitumour immunity by inducing activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DC), leading to the downstream response by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (NK). As ICD represents an important target to direct and develop new pharmacological interventions, the identification of bioactive natural products, which are endowed with low side effects, higher tolerability and preferentially inducing immunogenic programmed cell death, represents a priority in biomedical research. The ability of ICD to drive the immune response depends on two major factors, neither of which is intrinsic to cell death: ‘Antigenicity and adjuvanticity’. Indeed, the use of natural ICD-triggering molecules, alone or in combination with different (immuno)therapies, can result in higher efficacy and tolerability. Here, we focused on natural (marine) compounds, particularly on marine microalgae derived molecules such as exopolysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, phospholipids, that are endowed with ICD-inducing properties and sulfavants. Here, we discuss novel and repurposed small-molecule ICD triggers, as well as their ability to target important molecular pathways including the IL-6, TNF-α and interferons (IFNs), leading to immune stimulation, which could be used alone or in combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer prevention and therapies.
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8
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Gallo C, Barra G, Saponaro M, Manzo E, Fioretto L, Ziaco M, Nuzzo G, d’Ippolito G, De Palma R, Fontana A. A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E604. [PMID: 33260400 PMCID: PMC7760914 DOI: 10.3390/md18120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates in vitro bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates. The platform relies on the use of dendritic cells that are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to activate T cells and trigger a primary adaptive immune response. The experimental procedure is based on two phenotypic assays for the selection of chemical leads by both a panel of nine tumor cell lines and growth factor-dependent immature mouse dendritic cells (D1). The positive hits are then validated by a secondary test on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The aim of this approach is the selection of potential immunotherapeutic small molecules from natural extracts or chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Giusi Barra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marisa Saponaro
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- BioSearch Srl., Villa Comunale c/o Stazione Zoologica “A.Dohrn”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
- Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, University of Genova and IRCCS-Hospital S. Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Ziaco M, Fioretto L, Nuzzo G, Fontana A, Manzo E. Short Gram-Scale Synthesis of Sulfavant A. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ziaco
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- BioSearch Srl., Villa Comunale c/o Stazione Zoologica “A. Dohrn” Napoli 80121, Italy
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, Milano 20138, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
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10
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Solvent-Free Approaches in Carbohydrate Synthetic Chemistry: Role of Catalysis in Reactivity and Selectivity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their abundance in biomass and availability at a low cost, carbohydrates are very useful precursors for products of interest in a broad range of scientific applications. For example, they can be either converted into basic chemicals or used as chiral precursors for the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules, even including nonsaccharide targets; in addition, there is also a broad interest toward the potential of synthetic sugar-containing structures in the field of functional materials. Synthetic elaboration of carbohydrates, in both the selective modification of functional groups and the assembly of oligomeric structures, is not trivial and often entails experimentally demanding approaches practiced by specialized groups. Over the last years, a large number of solvent-free synthetic methods have appeared in the literature, often being endowed with several advantages such as greenness, experimental simplicity, and a larger scope than analogous reactions in solution. Most of these methods are catalytically promoted, and the catalyst often plays a key role in the selectivity associated with the process. This review aims to describe the significant recent contributions in the solvent-free synthetic chemistry of carbohydrates, devoting a special critical focus on both the mechanistic role of the catalysts employed and the differences evidenced so far with corresponding methods in solution.
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Preparation, Supramolecular Aggregation and Immunological Activity of the Bona Fide Vaccine Adjuvant Sulfavant S. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090451. [PMID: 32872423 PMCID: PMC7551793 DOI: 10.3390/md18090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In aqueous conditions, amphiphilic bioactive molecules are able to form self-assembled colloidal structures modifying their biological activity. This behavior is generally neglected in preclinical studies, despite its impact on pharmacological development. In this regard, a significative example is represented by a new class of amphiphilic marine-inspired vaccine adjuvants, collectively named Sulfavants, based on the β-sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglyceride skeleton. The family includes the lead product Sulfavant A (1) and two epimers, Sulfavant R (2) and Sulfavant S (3), differing only for the stereochemistry at C-2 of glycerol. The three compounds showed a significant difference in immunological potency, presumably correlated with change of the aggregates in water. Here, a new synthesis of diastereopure 3 was achieved, and the study of the immunomodulatory behavior of mixtures of 2/3 proved that the bizarre in vitro response to 1–3 effectively depends on the supramolecular aggregation states, likely affecting the bioavailability of agonists that can effectively interact with the cellular targets. The evidence obtained with the mixture of pure Sulfavant R (2) and Sulfavant S (3) proves, for the first time, that supramolecular organization of a mixture of active epimers in aqueous solution can bias evaluation of their biological and pharmacological potential.
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12
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Vallesi A, Pucciarelli S, Buonanno F, Fontana A, Mangiagalli M. Bioactive molecules from protists: Perspectives in biotechnology. Eur J Protistol 2020; 75:125720. [PMID: 32569992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For hundreds of years, mankind has benefited from the natural metabolic processes of microorganisms to obtain basic products such as fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. More recently, microorganisms have been exploited for the production of antibiotics, vitamins and enzymes to be used in medicine and chemical industries. Additionally, several modern drugs, including those for cancer therapy, are natural products or their derivatives. Protists are a still underexplored source of natural products potentially of interest for biotechnological and biomedical applications. This paper focuses on some examples of bioactive molecules from protists and associated bacteria and their possible use in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vallesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Federico Buonanno
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of E.C.H.T. Università degli Studi di Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Riccio G, Lauritano C. Microalgae with Immunomodulatory Activities. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E2. [PMID: 31861368 PMCID: PMC7024220 DOI: 10.3390/md18010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms adapted to live in very different environments and showing an enormous biochemical and genetic diversity, thus representing an excellent source of new natural products with possible applications in several biotechnological sectors. Microalgae-derived compounds have shown several properties, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. In the last decade, compounds stimulating the immune system, both innate immune response and adaptive immune response, have been used to prevent and fight various pathologies, including cancer (cancer immunotherapy). In this review we report the microalgae that have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties, the cells and the cellular mediators involved in the mechanisms of action and the experimental models used to test immunostimulatory activities. We also report information on fractions or pure compounds from microalgae identified as having immunostimulatory activity. Given the increasing interest in microalgae as new eco-friendly source of bioactive compounds, we also discuss their possible role as source of new classes of promising drugs to treat human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy
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