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Sourty M, Champagnol-Di Liberti C, Nasseef MT, Welsch L, Noblet V, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. Chronic Morphine Leaves a Durable Fingerprint on Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)01765-1. [PMID: 38104648 PMCID: PMC11178678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder is a chronic relapsing disorder. The brain adapts to opioids that are taken for pain treatment or recreational use so that abstinence becomes a true challenge for individuals with opioid use disorder. Studying brain dysfunction at this stage is difficult, and human neuroimaging has provided highly heterogeneous information. METHODS Here, we took advantage of an established mouse model of morphine abstinence together with functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) first at rest and then in response to an acute morphine challenge during image acquisition. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering of seed pair correlation coefficients showed modified FC in abstinent animals, brainwide and regardless of the condition. Seed-to-voxel analysis and random forest classification, performed on data at rest, indicated that the retrosplenial cortex (a core component of the default mode network) and the amygdala (a major aversion center) are the best markers of abstinence, thus validating the translatability of the study. Seed pair network clustering confirmed disruption of a retrosplenial cortex-centered network, reflecting major reorganization of brain FC. The latter analysis also identified a persistent but unreported morphine signature in abstinent mice at rest, which involves cortical and midbrain components and characterizes the enduring morphine footprint. Finally, dynamic FC analysis revealed that the intrascanner acute morphine challenge modified FC faster and more broadly in abstinent animals, demonstrating brainwide adaptations of FC reactivity to an acute opioid challenge. CONCLUSIONS This study used a unique experimental design to demonstrate that a prior history of chronic opioid exposure leaves a durable pharmacological signature on brain communication, with implications for pain management and recovery from opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Sourty
- University of Strasbourg, French Institute of Health and Medical Research UMR-S 1329, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Centre de Recherche en Biomedicine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; iCube, University of Strasbourg, National Centre for Scientific Research, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cédric Champagnol-Di Liberti
- University of Strasbourg, French Institute of Health and Medical Research UMR-S 1329, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Centre de Recherche en Biomedicine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Md Taufiq Nasseef
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lola Welsch
- University of Strasbourg, French Institute of Health and Medical Research UMR-S 1329, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Centre de Recherche en Biomedicine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Noblet
- iCube, University of Strasbourg, National Centre for Scientific Research, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- University of Strasbourg, French Institute of Health and Medical Research UMR-S 1329, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Centre de Recherche en Biomedicine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- University of Strasbourg, French Institute of Health and Medical Research UMR-S 1329, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Centre de Recherche en Biomedicine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Kamens HM, Cramer S, Hanley RN, Chase S, Wickenheisser A, Horton WJ, Zhang N. Neuroimaging of opioid exposure: a review of preclinical animal models to inform addiction research. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2459-2482. [PMID: 37857897 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use results in thousands of overdose deaths each year. To address this crisis, we need a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that drive opioid abuse. The noninvasive imaging tools positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) can be used to identify how brain activity responds to acute opioid exposure and adapts to chronic drug treatment. These techniques can be performed in humans and animal models, and brain networks identified in animals closely map to the human brain. Animal models have the advantage of being able to systematically examine the independent effects of opioid exposure in a controlled environment accounting for the complex factors that drive opioid misuse in humans. This review synthesizes literature that utilized noninvasive neuroimaging tools (PET, fMRI, and MEMRI) measuring brain activity correlates in animals to understand the neurobiological consequences of exposure to abused opioids. A PubMed search in September 2023 identified 25 publications. These manuscripts were divided into 4 categories based on the route and duration of drug exposure (acute/chronic, active/passive administration). Within each category, the results were generally consistent across drug and imaging protocols. These papers cover a 20-year range and highlight the advancements in neuroimaging methodology during that time. These advances have enabled researchers to achieve greater resolution of brain regions altered by opioid exposure and to identify patterns of brain activation across regions (i.e., functional connectivity) and within subregions of structures. After describing the existing literature, we suggest areas where additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Samuel Cramer
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rachel N Hanley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Spencer Chase
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Anna Wickenheisser
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - William J Horton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Barrett JE, Shekarabi A, Inan S. Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on Its Pharmacology, Abuse, and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1062-1118. [PMID: 37321860 PMCID: PMC10595024 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid, has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used therapeutically due to the occurrence of convulsions at higher doses, it has been converted to a number of other widely used compounds that include naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, and oxycodone. Despite the early identification of oxycodone, it was not until the 1990s that clinical studies began to explore its analgesic efficacy. These studies were followed by the pursuit of several preclinical studies to examine the analgesic effects and abuse liability of oxycodone in laboratory animals and the subjective effects in human volunteers. For a number of years oxycodone was at the forefront of the opioid crisis, playing a significant role in contributing to opioid misuse and abuse, with suggestions that it led to transitioning to other opioids. Several concerns were expressed as early as the 1940s that oxycodone had significant abuse potential similar to heroin and morphine. Both animal and human abuse liability studies have confirmed, and in some cases amplified, these early warnings. Despite sharing a similar structure with morphine and pharmacological actions also mediated by the μ-opioid receptor, there are several differences in the pharmacology and neurobiology of oxycodone. The data that have emerged from the many efforts to analyze the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of oxycodone have generated considerable insight into its many actions, reviewed here, which, in turn, have provided new information on opioid receptor pharmacology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oxycodone, a μ-opioid receptor agonist, was synthesized in 1916 and introduced into clinical use in Germany in 1917. It has been studied extensively as a therapeutic analgesic for acute and chronic neuropathic pain as an alternative to morphine. Oxycodone emerged as a drug with widespread abuse. This article brings together an integrated, detailed review of the pharmacology of oxycodone, preclinical and clinical studies of pain and abuse, and recent advances to identify potential opioid analgesics without abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Barrett
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ciapała K, Rojewska E, Pawlik K, Ciechanowska A, Mika J. Analgesic Effects of Fisetin, Peimine, Astaxanthin, Artemisinin, Bardoxolone Methyl and 740 Y-P and Their Influence on Opioid Analgesia in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109000. [PMID: 37240346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neuropathic pain remains a challenge for modern medicine due to the insufficiently understood molecular mechanisms of its development and maintenance. One of the most important cascades that modulate the nociceptive response is the family of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nonselective modulators of MAP kinases-fisetin (ERK1/2 and NFκB inhibitor, PI3K activator), peimine (MAPK inhibitor), astaxanthin (MAPK inhibitor, Nrf2 activator) and artemisinin (MAPK inhibitor, NFκB activator), as well as bardoxolone methyl (selective activator of Nrf2) and 740 Y-P (selective activator of PI3K)-in mice with peripheral neuropathy and to compare their antinociceptive potency and examine their effect on analgesia induced by opioids. The study was performed using albino Swiss male mice that were exposed to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI model). Tactile and thermal hypersensitivity was measured using von Frey and cold plate tests, respectively. Single doses of substances were administered intrathecally on day 7 after CCI. Among the tested substances, fisetin, peimine, and astaxanthin effectively diminished tactile and thermal hypersensitivity in mice after CCI, while artemisinin did not exhibit analgesic potency in this model of neuropathic pain. Additionally, both of the activators tested, bardoxolone methyl and 740 Y-P, also showed analgesic effects after intrathecal administration in mice exposed to CCI. In the case of astaxanthin and bardoxolone methyl, an increase in analgesia after combined administration with morphine, buprenorphine, and/or oxycodone was observed. Fisetin and peimine induced a similar effect on tactile hypersensitivity, where analgesia was enhanced after administration of morphine or oxycodone. In the case of 740 Y-P, the effects of combined administration with each opioid were observed only in the case of thermal hypersensitivity. The results of our research clearly indicate that substances that inhibit all three MAPKs provide pain relief and improve opioid effectiveness, especially if they additionally block NF-κB, such as peimine, inhibit NF-κB and activate PI3K, such as fisetin, or activate Nrf2, such as astaxanthin. In light of our research, Nrf2 activation appears to be particularly beneficial. The abovementioned substances bring promising results, and further research on them will broaden our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of neuropathy and perhaps contribute to the development of more effective therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ciapała
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Ciechanowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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Barry J, Oikonomou KD, Peng A, Yu D, Yang C, Golshani P, Evans CJ, Levine MS, Cepeda C. Dissociable effects of oxycodone on behavior, calcium transient activity, and excitability of dorsolateral striatal neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:983323. [PMID: 36389179 PMCID: PMC9643681 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.983323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the most common medications for moderate to severe pain. Unfortunately, they also have addictive properties that have precipitated opioid misuse and the opioid epidemic. In the present study, we examined the effects of acute administration of oxycodone, a μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, on Ca2+ transient activity of medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) in freely moving animals. Ca2+ imaging of MSNs in dopamine D1-Cre mice (expressing Cre predominantly in the direct pathway) or adenosine A2A-Cre mice (expressing Cre predominantly in the indirect pathway) was obtained with the aid of miniaturized microscopes (Miniscopes) and a genetically encoded Cre-dependent Ca2+ indicator (GCaMP6f). Systemic injections of oxycodone (3 mg/kg) increased locomotor activity yet, paradoxically, reduced concomitantly the number of active MSNs. The frequency of Ca2+ transients was significantly reduced in MSNs from A2A-Cre mice but not in those from D1-Cre mice. For comparative purposes, a separate group of mice was injected with a non-Cre dependent Ca2+ indicator in the cerebral cortex and the effects of the opioid also were tested. In contrast to MSNs, the frequency of Ca2+ transients in cortical pyramidal neurons was significantly increased by oxycodone administration. Additional electrophysiological studies in brain slices confirmed generalized inhibitory effects of oxycodone on MSNs, including membrane hyperpolarization, reduced excitability, and decreased frequency of spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These results demonstrate a dissociation between locomotion and striatal MSN activity after acute administration of oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Barry
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katerina D. Oikonomou
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Allison Peng
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Yu
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Evans
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC), Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Carlos Cepeda,
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6
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AlArjani A, Nasseef MT, Kamal SM, Rao BVS, Mahmud M, Uddin MS. Application of Mathematical Modeling in Prediction of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022; 47:10163-10186. [PMID: 35018276 PMCID: PMC8739391 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The entire world has been affected by the outbreak of COVID-19 since early 2020. Human carriers are largely the spreaders of this new disease, and it spreads much faster compared to previously identified coronaviruses and other flu viruses. Although vaccines have been invented and released, it will still be a challenge to overcome this disease. To save lives, it is important to better understand how the virus is transmitted from one host to another and how future areas of infection can be predicted. Recently, the second wave of infection has hit multiple countries, and governments have implemented necessary measures to tackle the spread of the virus. We investigated the three phases of COVID-19 research through a selected list of mathematical modeling articles. To take the necessary measures, it is important to understand the transmission dynamics of the disease, and mathematical modeling has been considered a proven technique in predicting such dynamics. To this end, this paper summarizes all the available mathematical models that have been used in predicting the transmission of COVID-19. A total of nine mathematical models have been thoroughly reviewed and characterized in this work, so as to understand the intrinsic properties of each model in predicting disease transmission dynamics. The application of these nine models in predicting COVID-19 transmission dynamics is presented with a case study, along with detailed comparisons of these models. Toward the end of the paper, key behavioral properties of each model, relevant challenges and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali AlArjani
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, 16273 Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Taufiq Nasseef
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Sanaa M. Kamal
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - B. V. Subba Rao
- Dept of Information Technology, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Chalasani Nagar, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520007 India
| | - Mufti Mahmud
- Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
- Computing and Informatics Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Md Sharif Uddin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, 16273 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
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7
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Iriah SC, Borges C, Shalev U, Cai X, Madularu D, Kulkarni PP, Ferris CF. The utility of maraviroc, an antiretroviral agent used to treat HIV, as treatment for opioid abuse? Data from MRI and behavioural testing in rats. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E548-E558. [PMID: 34625487 PMCID: PMC8526136 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maraviroc is an antiretroviral agent and C-C chemokine coreceptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist that is currently used to treat human immunodeficiency virus. CCR5/μ-opioid receptor heterodimerization suggests that maraviroc could be a treatment for oxycodone abuse. We treated rats with maraviroc to explore its effect on oxycodone-seeking and its interference with the analgesic effects of oxycodone. We used resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional connectivity to assess the effect of maraviroc on oxycodone-enhanced coupling in the reward circuitry and performed behavioural tests to evaluate the effect of maraviroc on oxycodone rewarding properties and on oxycodone-seeking after prolonged abstinence. METHODS Two groups of rats were exposed to 8 consecutive days of oxycodone-conditioned place preference training and treatment with maraviroc or vehicle. Two additional groups were trained to self-administer oxycodone for 10 days and then tested for drug seeking after 14 days of abstinence with or without daily maraviroc treatment. We tested the effects of maraviroc on oxycodone analgesia using a tail-flick assay. We analyzed resting-state functional connectivity data using a rat 3-dimensional MRI atlas of 171 brain areas. RESULTS Maraviroc significantly decreased conditioned place preference and attenuated oxycodone-seeking behaviour after prolonged abstinence. The analgesic effect of oxycodone was maintained after maraviroc treatment. Oxycodone increased functional coupling with the accumbens, ventral pallidum and olfactory tubercles, but this was reduced with maraviroc treatment. LIMITATIONS All experiments were performed in male rats only. CONCLUSION Maraviroc treatment attenuated oxycodone-seeking in abstinent rats and reduced functional coupling in the reward circuitry. The analgesic effects of oxycodone were not affected by maraviroc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sade C Iriah
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev).
| | - Catarina Borges
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Uri Shalev
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Dan Madularu
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Praveen P Kulkarni
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
| | - Craig F Ferris
- From the Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boson, Mass., USA (Iriah, Cai, Madularu, Kulkarni, Ferris); and Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada (Borges, Shalev)
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Kibaly C, Alderete JA, Liu SH, Nasef HS, Law PY, Evans CJ, Cahill CM. Oxycodone in the Opioid Epidemic: High 'Liking', 'Wanting', and Abuse Liability. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:899-926. [PMID: 33245509 PMCID: PMC8155122 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that nearly a third of people who abuse drugs started with prescription opioid medicines. Approximately, 11.5 million Americans used prescription drugs recreationally in 2016, and in 2018, 46,802 Americans died as the result of an opioid overdose, including prescription opioids, heroin, and illicitly manufactured fentanyl (National Institutes on Drug Abuse (2020) Opioid Overdose Crisis. https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis . Accessed 06 June 2020). Yet physicians will continue to prescribe oral opioids for moderate-to-severe pain in the absence of alternative therapeutics, underscoring the importance in understanding how drug choice can influence detrimental outcomes. One of the opioid prescription medications that led to this crisis is oxycodone, where misuse of this drug has been rampant. Being one of the most highly prescribed opioid medications for treating moderate-to-severe pain as reflected in the skyrocketed increase in retail sales of 866% between 1997 and 2007, oxycodone was initially suggested to be less addictive than morphine. The false-claimed non-addictive formulation of oxycodone, OxyContin, further contributed to the opioid crisis. Abuse was often carried out by crushing the pills for immediate burst release, typically by nasal insufflation, or by liquefying the pills for intravenous injection. Here, we review oxycodone pharmacology and abuse liability as well as present the hypothesis that oxycodone may exhibit a unique pharmacology that contributes to its high likability and abuse susceptibility. We will discuss various mechanisms that likely contribute to the high abuse rate of oxycodone including clinical drug likability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, differences in its actions within mesolimbic reward circuity compared to other opioids, and the possibility of differential molecular and cellular receptor interactions that contribute to its selective effects. We will also discuss marketing strategies and drug difference that likely contributes to the oxycodone opioid use disorders and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherkaouia Kibaly
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jacob A Alderete
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hazem S Nasef
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2019 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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10
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Ehrlich AT, Darcq E. Recent advances in basic science methodology to evaluate opioid safety profiles and to understand opioid activities. Fac Rev 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 33718932 PMCID: PMC7946392 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are powerful drugs used by humans for centuries to relieve pain and are still frequently used as pain treatment in current clinical practice. Medicinal opioids primarily target the mu opioid receptor (MOR), and MOR activation produces unmatched pain-alleviating properties, as well as side effects such as strong rewarding effects, and thus abuse potential, and respiratory depression contributing to death during overdose. Therefore, the ultimate goal is to create opioid pain-relievers with reduced respiratory depression and thus fewer chances of lethality. Efforts are also underway to reduce the euphoric effects of opioids and avoid abuse liability. In this review, recent advances in basic science methodology used to understand MOR pharmacology and activities will be summarized. The focus of the review will be to describe current technological advances that enable the study of opioid analgesics from subcellular mechanisms to mesoscale network responses. These advances in understanding MOR physiological responses will help to improve knowledge and future design of opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza T Ehrlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- INSERM U1114, UNISTRA University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Nasseef MT, Ma W, Singh JP, Dozono N, Lançon K, Séguéla P, Darcq E, Ueda H, Kieffer BL. Chronic generalized pain disrupts whole brain functional connectivity in mice. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2406-2416. [PMID: 33428113 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a generalized chronic pain condition whose pathophysiology is poorly understood, and both basic and translational research are needed to advance the field. Here we used the Sluka model to test whether FM-like pain in mice would produce detectable brain modifications using resting-state (rs) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Mice received intramuscular acid saline treatment, images were acquired at 7 T 5 days post-treatment, and pain thresholds tested 3 weeks post-scanning. Data-driven Independent Component Analysis revealed significant reduction of functional connectivity (FC) across several component pairs, with major changes for the Retrosplenial cortex (RSP) central to the default mode network, and to a lesser extent the Periaqueductal gray (PAG), a key pain processing area. Seed-to-seed analysis focused on 14 pain-related areas showed strongest FC reduction for RSP with several cortical areas (somatosensory, prefrontal and insular), and for PAG with both cortical (somatosensory) and subcortical (habenula, thalamus, parabrachial nucleus) areas. RSP-PAG FC was also reduced, and this decreased FC tended to be positively correlated with pain levels at individual subject level. Finally, seed-voxelwise analysis focused on PAG confirmed seed-to-seed findings and, also detected reduced PAG FC with the anterior cingulate cortex, increasingly studied in aversive pain effects. In conclusion, FM-like pain triggers FC alterations in the mouse, which are detected by rs-fMRI and are reminiscent of some human findings. The study reveals the causal fingerprint of FM-like pain in rodents, and indicates that both RSP and PAG connectional patterns could be suitable biomarkers, with mechanistic and translational value, for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Taufiq Nasseef
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Weiya Ma
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jai Puneet Singh
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naoki Dozono
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kevin Lançon
- Montreal Neurological institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, the Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Montreal Neurological Institute, Dept. Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Séguéla
- Montreal Neurological institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, the Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Montreal Neurological Institute, Dept. Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Douglas Hospital Research Center, Perry Pavilion Room E-3317.1, 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada.
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12
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Bailly J, Del Rossi N, Runtz L, Li JJ, Park D, Scherrer G, Tanti A, Birling MC, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. Targeting Morphine-Responsive Neurons: Generation of a Knock-In Mouse Line Expressing Cre Recombinase from the Mu-Opioid Receptor Gene Locus. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0433-19.2020. [PMID: 32381649 PMCID: PMC7266138 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0433-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) modulates nociceptive pathways and reward processing, and mediates the strong analgesic and addictive properties of both medicinal as well as abused opioid drugs. MOR function has been extensively studied, and tools to manipulate or visualize the receptor protein are available. However, circuit mechanisms underlying MOR-mediated effects are less known, because genetic access to MOR-expressing neurons is lacking. Here we report the generation of a knock-in Oprm1-Cre mouse line, which allows targeting and manipulating MOR opioid-responsive neurons. A cDNA encoding a T2A cleavable peptide and Cre recombinase fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP/Cre) was inserted downstream of the Oprm1 gene sequence. The resulting Oprm1-Cre line shows intact Oprm1 gene transcription. MOR and EGFP/Cre proteins are coexpressed in the same neurons, and localized in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, respectively. MOR signaling is unaltered, demonstrated by maintained DAMGO-induced G-protein activation, and in vivo MOR function is preserved as indicated by normal morphine-induced analgesia, hyperlocomotion, and sensitization. The Cre recombinase efficiently drives the expression of Cre-dependent reporter genes, shown by local virally mediated expression in the medial habenula and brain-wide fluorescence on breeding with tdTomato reporter mice, the latter showing a distribution patterns typical of MOR expression. Finally, we demonstrate that optogenetic activation of MOR neurons in the ventral tegmental area of Oprm1-Cre mice evokes strong avoidance behavior, as anticipated from the literature. The Oprm1-Cre line is therefore an excellent tool for both mapping and functional studies of MOR-positive neurons, and will be of broad interest for opioid, pain, and addiction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bailly
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Natalie Del Rossi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Léonie Runtz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - DaWoon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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