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Turgut F, Chong CY, Karaman M, Lau WJ, Gürsoy M, Ismail AF. Plasma surface modification of graphene oxide nanosheets for the synthesis of
GO
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PES
nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane for enhanced oily separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Turgut
- Department of Chemical Engineering Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Chun Yew Chong
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Karaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
| | - Mehmet Gürsoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia
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2
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Gómez IJ, Vázquez Sulleiro M, Mantione D, Alegret N. Carbon Nanomaterials Embedded in Conductive Polymers: A State of the Art. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:745. [PMID: 33673680 PMCID: PMC7957790 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are at the forefront of the newest technologies of the third millennium, and together with conductive polymers, represent a vast area of indispensable knowledge for developing the devices of tomorrow. This review focusses on the most recent advances in the field of conductive nanotechnology, which combines the properties of carbon nanomaterials with conjugated polymers. Hybrid materials resulting from the embedding of carbon nanotubes, carbon dots and graphene derivatives are taken into consideration and fully explored, with discussion of the most recent literature. An introduction into the three most widely used conductive polymers and a final section about the most recent biological results obtained using carbon nanotube hybrids will complete this overview of these innovative and beyond belief materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Daniele Mantione
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO-UMR 5629), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS F, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Nuria Alegret
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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3
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Developing an integrated microfluidic and miniaturized electrochemical biosensor for point of care determination of glucose in human plasma samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1441-1452. [PMID: 33388843 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A cost-effective, point of care (POC) device based on highly oriented CNT arrays was developed as an electrochemical assay for real-time and sensitive detection of glucose in complex samples. A low-cost, microcontroller-based potentiostat consisting of Arduino Due and LMP9100-EVM was developed to perform electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. A syringe pump based on open-source electronics was designed to direct the flow through a microfluidic chip. Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) sensor arrays, in combination with the miniature potentiostat and the syringe pumps, were utilized as a POC device for the rapid and accurate detection of glucose. The structure and morphology of samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR). CV as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the electrode with respect to different diffusion regimes. The mediator-less biosensor had a limit of detection of 23 μM and sensitivity of 1462 μA mM-1 cm-2 and 1050 μA mM-1 cm-2 at the linear range of 1.2-7.8 mM and 7.8-11.2 mM, respectively. The presence of other biological compounds such as uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) did not interfere with the detection of glucose. Finally, the designed POC device was successfully applied for the determination of glucose in human blood plasma samples.
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4
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Ziegler JM, Andoni I, Choi EJ, Fang L, Flores-Zuleta H, Humphrey NJ, Kim DH, Shin J, Youn H, Penner RM. Sensors Based Upon Nanowires, Nanotubes, and Nanoribbons: 2016-2020. Anal Chem 2020; 93:124-166. [PMID: 33242951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ilektra Andoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eric J Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 1158 Second Street, Xiasha, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Heriberto Flores-Zuleta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nicholas J Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyunho Youn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Reginald M Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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5
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Li X, Rafie A, Kalra V, Lau KKS. Deposition Behavior of Polyaniline on Carbon Nanofibers by Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13079-13086. [PMID: 33095586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) offers unique advantages as a liquid-free processing technique in synthesizing and integrating conducting polymers, including polyaniline (PANI), by enabling conformal coatings onto nanostructured substrates, like carbon nanofibers. With relatively thick nanofiber mats, the challenge is to ensure uniform coating thickness through the porous substrates. Here, the substrate temperature during oCVD is found to be a primary factor influencing PANI coating uniformity. Coating uniformity is enhanced by operating at a higher substrate temperature, where monomer adsorption is believed to be limiting relative to intrinsic reaction kinetics. Also, a higher substrate temperature leads to significantly less PANI oligomers and more PANI in the emeraldine oxidation state. A systematic study of oCVD kinetics with substrate temperature shows a reaction-limited regime at lower substrate temperatures with an activation energy of 12.0 kJ/mol, which is believed to be controlled by the self-catalyzed PANI polymerization reaction that transitions at higher substrate temperatures above 90 °C to an adsorption-limited regime as indicated by a negative activation energy of -18.8 kJ/mol. Overall, by operating within an adsorption-limited oCVD regime, more uniform oCVD PANI coatings on electrospun carbon nanofiber mats have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ayda Rafie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vibha Kalra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kenneth K S Lau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Rasheed T, Hassan AA, Kausar F, Sher F, Bilal M, Iqbal HM. Carbon nanotubes assisted analytical detection – Sensing/delivery cues for environmental and biomedical monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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Amos-Tautua BM, Fakayode OJ, Songca SP, Oluwafemi OS. Effect of synthetic conditions on the crystallinity, porosity and magnetic properties of gluconic acid capped iron oxide nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jambhulkar S, Xu W, Ravichandran D, Prakash J, Mada Kannan AN, Song K. Scalable Alignment and Selective Deposition of Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Sensor Applications. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3199-3206. [PMID: 32233441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here reported is the layer-by-layer-based advanced manufacturing that yields a simple, novel, and cost-effective technique for generating selective nanoparticle deposition and orientation in the form of well-controlled patterns. The surface roughness of the three-dimensionally printed patterns and the solid-liquid-air contact line, as well as the nanoparticle interactions in dipped suspensions, determine the carbon nanofiber (CNF) alignment, while the presence of triangular grooves supports the pinning of the meniscus, resulting in a configuration consisting of alternating CNF and polymer channels. The polymer/nanoparticle composites show 10 times lower resistance along with the particle alignment direction than the randomly distributed CNF networks and 6 orders of magnitude lower than that along the transverse direction. The unidirectional alignment of the CNF also demonstrates linear piezoresistivity behavior under small strain deformation along with high sensitivity and selectivity toward volatile organic compounds. The reported advanced manufacturing shows broad applications in microelectronics, energy transport, light composites, and multifunctional sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Jambhulkar
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Weiheng Xu
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Arunachala Nadar Mada Kannan
- The Polytechnic School, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
| | - Kenan Song
- The Polytechnic School, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, United States
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10
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Tong W, Wang Y, Bian Y, Wang A, Han N, Chen Y. Sensitive Cross-Linked SnO 2:NiO Networks for MEMS Compatible Ethanol Gas Sensors. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:35. [PMID: 32025974 PMCID: PMC7002749 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-3269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is still technologically challenging to prepare highly sensitive sensing films using microelectrical mechanical system (MEMS) compatible methods for miniaturized sensors with low power consumption and high yield. Here, sensitive cross-linked SnO2:NiO networks were successfully fabricated by sputtering SnO2:NiO target onto the etched self-assembled triangle polystyrene (PS) microsphere arrays and then ultrasonically removing the PS microsphere templates in acetone. The optimum line width (~ 600 nm) and film thickness (~ 50 nm) of SnO2:NiO networks were obtained by varying the plasma etching time and the sputtering time. Then, thermal annealing at 500 °C in H2 was implemented to activate and reorganize the as-deposited amorphous SnO2:NiO thin films. Compared with continuous SnO2:NiO thin film counterparts, these cross-linked films show the highest response of ~ 9 to 50 ppm ethanol, low detection limits (< 5 ppm) at 300 °C, and also high selectivity against NO2, SO2, NH3, C7H8, and acetone. The gas-sensing enhancement could be mainly attributed to the creating of more active adsorption sites by increased stepped surface in cross-linked SnO2:NiO network. Furthermore, this method is MEMS compatible and of generality to effectively fabricate other cross-linked sensing films, showing the promising potency in the production of low energy consumption and wafer-scale MEMS gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemicals Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yuzhi Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Han
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yunfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Bengasi G, Desport JS, Baba K, Cosas Fernandes JP, De Castro O, Heinze K, Boscher ND. Molecular flattening effect to enhance the conductivity of fused porphyrin tape thin films. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7048-7057. [PMID: 35493879 PMCID: PMC9049719 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of directly fused porphyrins (porphyrin tapes) from 5,15-diphenyl porphyrinato nickel(ii) complexes with different substituents on the phenyl rings is achieved while processing from the gas phase. The porphyrin tapes, exhibiting NIR absorption, are readily obtained in thin film form. The gas phase approach cuts the need for solubilizing groups allowing for the first time the study of their conductivity according to the substituent. 2-Point probe and conductivity AFM measurements evidence that reducing the size of the meso substituents, phenyl < mesityl < di(3,5-tert-butyl)phenyl < di(2,6-dodecyloxy)phenyl, improves the thin film conductivity by several orders of magnitude. Density functional theory and gel permeation chromatography, correlate this improvement to changes in the intermolecular distances and molecular geometry. Furthermore, the oCVD of porphyrins with free ortho-phenyl positions causes intramolecular dehydrogenative side reactions inducing a complete planarization of the molecule. This molecular flattening drastically affects the π–π stacking between the porphyrins further enhancing the electronic properties of the films. This work reports the strong correlation between the conductivity of fused porphyrins thin films and the porphyrin substituents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry
| | - Jessica S. Desport
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - João P. Cosas Fernandes
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Olivier De Castro
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)
- L-4362 Esch/Alzette
- Luxembourg
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12
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maggie He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Yang Y, Chen L, Jiang F, Wu M, Pang J, Wan X, Hong M. A water-stable 3D Eu-MOF based on a metallacyclodimeric secondary building unit for sensitive fluorescent detection of acetone molecules. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A Eu-MOF with high water stability constructed using a systematic metallacyclodimeric motif as a potential chemical sensor for acetone is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
| | - Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Mingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Jiandong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Xiuyan Wan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- P. R. China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
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14
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Effect of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in the Detection of Benzene at Room Temperature. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/2107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were functionalized by acid treatment and further functionalized with dodecylamine and were designated as CNT-carboxylic and CNT-amide, respectively. Then, functionalized CNTs produced were characterized with various methods to verify the attachment of a functional group. Performance of the functionalized CNTs in the detection of benzene gas was monitored at room temperature. The sample was dropped cast on the interdigitated transducer (IDT), and the changes in resistivity were recorded by a digital multimeter in a customized chamber under controlled humidity (∼55%) environment. Based on the findings, it showed that the functionalized CNTs provide an extra active area for interaction between the gas analyte and CNTs, thus increasing their response and improving the sensitivity of the sensing material.
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Yucel M, Akin O, Cayoren M, Akduman I, Palaniappan A, Liedberg B, Hizal G, Inci F, Yildiz UH. Hand-Held Volatilome Analyzer Based on Elastically Deformable Nanofibers. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5122-5129. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muge Yucel
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Osman Akin
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35640, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cayoren
- Department of Electronic and Communication, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akduman
- Department of Electronic and Communication, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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Qi Y, Xu W, Kang R, Ding N, Wang Y, He G, Fang Y. Discrimination of saturated alkanes and relevant volatile compounds via the utilization of a conceptual fluorescent sensor array based on organoboron-containing polymers. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1892-1901. [PMID: 29675235 PMCID: PMC5890797 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A conceptual sensor array for the efficient discrimination and fast detection of saturated alkanes and commonly found volatile solvents is reported.
This work reports a conceptual sensor array for the highly discriminative analysis of 20 clinically and environmentally relevant volatile small organic molecules (VSOMs), including saturated alkanes and common solvents, in the air at room temperature. For the construction of the sensor array, a four coordinated, non-planar mono-boron complex and four relevant polymers are synthesized. Based on the polymers and the use of different substrates, 8 fluorescent films have been fabricated. Integration of the film-based sensors results in the sensor array, which demonstrates unprecedented discriminating capability toward the VSOMs. Moreover, for the signal molecule of lung cancer, n-pentane, the response time is less than 1 s, the experimental detection limit is lower than 3.7 ppm, and after repeating the tests over 50 times no observable degradation was observed. The superior sensing performance is partially ascribed to the tetrahedral structure of the boron centers in the polymers as it may produce molecular channels in the films, which are a necessity for fast and reversible sensing. In addition, the polarity of the micro-channels may endow the films with additional selectivity towards the analytes. The design as demonstrated provides an effective strategy to improve the sensing performance of fluorescent films to very challenging analytes, such as saturated alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China .
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China .
| | - Rui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China .
| | - Nannan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China .
| | - Yelei Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- Center for Materials Chemistry , Frontier Institute of Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710054 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062 , P. R. China .
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Wang M, Kovacik P, Gleason KK. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Thin, Conductive, and Fouling-Resistant Polymeric Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10623-10631. [PMID: 28933863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fouling has been a persistent issue within applications ranging from membrane separation to biomedical implantation. Research to date focuses on fouling-resistant coatings, where electrical conductivity is unnecessary. In this study, we report the synthesis of multifunctional thin films with both fouling resistance and electrical conductivity for their potential applications in the electrolysis-based self-cleaning of separation membranes and in the field of bioelectronics. This unique combination of properties results in multifunctional coatings that are a zwitterionic derivative of intrinsically conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) synthesized via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). Their fouling resistance is shown to be comparable to that of known dielectric fouling-resistant surfaces, such as a poly(4-vinylpyridine)-co-divinylbenzene (p4VP-DVB)-derived zwitterionic coating, an amphiphilic poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pPFDA-HEMA) coating, and a glass surface, and are far superior to the fouling resistance of gold or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. The fouling resistances of seven surfaces are quantitatively characterized by molecular force probe (MFP) analysis. In addition, four-point probe electrical measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), profilometry, water contact angle (WCA) measurements, surface ζ-potential measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to characterize the physiochemical properties and morphology of the different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Kovacik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Wang X, Ermez S, Goktas H, Gradečak S, Gleason K. Room Temperature Sensing Achieved by GaAs Nanowires and oCVD Polymer Coating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28407331 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel structures comprised of GaAs nanowire arrays conformally coated with conducting polymers (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-co-3-thiophene acetic acid) display both sensitivity and selectivity to a variety of volatile organic chemicals. A key feature is room temperature operation, so that neither a heater nor the power it would consume, is required. It is a distinct difference from traditional metal oxide sensors, which typically require elevated operational temperature. The GaAs nanowires are prepared directly via self-seeded metal-organic chemical deposition, and conducting polymers are deposited on GaAs nanowires using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). The range of thickness for the oCVD layer is between 100 and 200 nm, which is controlled by changing the deposition time. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates an edge-on alignment of the crystalline structure of the PEDOT coating layer on GaAs nanowires. In addition, the positive correlation between the improvement of sensitivity and the increasing nanowire density is demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect of different oCVD coating materials is studied. The sensing mechanism is also discussed with studies considering both nanowire density and polymer types. Overall, the novel structure exhibits good sensitivity and selectivity in gas sensing, and provides a promising platform for future sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sema Ermez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hilal Goktas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Silvija Gradečak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Karen Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Wang M, Wang X, Moni P, Liu A, Kim DH, Jo WJ, Sojoudi H, Gleason KK. CVD Polymers for Devices and Device Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604606. [PMID: 28032923 PMCID: PMC7161753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization directly synthesizes organic thin films on a substrate from vapor phase reactants. Dielectric, semiconducting, electrically conducting, and ionically conducting CVD polymers have all been readily integrated into devices. The absence of solvent in the CVD process enables the growth of high-purity layers and avoids the potential of dewetting phenomena, which lead to pinhole defects. By limiting contaminants and defects, ultrathin (<10 nm) CVD polymeric device layers have been fabricated in multiple laboratories. The CVD method is particularly suitable for synthesizing insoluble conductive polymers, layers with high densities of organic functional groups, and robust crosslinked networks. Additionally, CVD polymers are prized for the ability to conformally cover rough surfaces, like those of paper and textile substrates, as well as the complex geometries of micro- and nanostructured devices. By employing low processing temperatures, CVD polymerization avoids damaging substrates and underlying device layers. This report discusses the mechanisms of the major CVD polymerization techniques and the recent progress of their applications in devices and device fabrication, with emphasis on initiated CVD (iCVD) and oxidative CVD (oCVD) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Priya Moni
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Andong Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Do Han Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Won Jun Jo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of MechanicalIndustrial & Manufacturing EngineeringThe University of ToledoToledoOhio43606USA
| | - Karen K. Gleason
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
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Dilonardo E, Penza M, Alvisi M, Cassano G, Di Franco C, Palmisano F, Torsi L, Cioffi N. Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:82-90. [PMID: 28144567 PMCID: PMC5238677 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pristine and electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) were proposed as active sensing layers in chemiresistive gas sensors for hydrocarbon (HC) gas detection (e.g., CH4, C3H8, C4H10). The presence of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of ZnO NRs, obtained after the thermal treatment at 550 °C, was revealed by morphological and surface chemical analyses, using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of the Pd catalyst on the performance of the ZnO-based gas sensor was evaluated by comparing the sensing results with those of pristine ZnO NRs, at an operating temperature of 300 °C and for various HC gas concentrations in the range of 30-1000 ppm. The Pd-modified ZnO NRs showed a higher selectivity and sensitivity compared to pristine ZnO NRs. The mean sensitivity of Pd-modified ZnO NRs towards the analyzed HCs gases increased with the length of the hydrocarbon chain of the target gas molecule. Finally, the evaluation of the selectivity revealed that the presence or the absence of metal nanoparticles on ZnO NRs improves the selectivity in the detection of specific HCs gaseous molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dilonardo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Electrotechnics and Electronics, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Penza
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Marco Alvisi
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cassano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications - Brindisi Research Center, Brindisi, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Palmisano
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Ellis JE, Star A. Carbon Nanotube Based Gas Sensors toward Breath Analysis. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1248-1265. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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